Closed captions transcript:

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A death toll with the more than 600 as
worldwide fatalities swept past 11000 and

00:00:06
a number of infected topped 258000 the
spite the fast growing numbers there was

00:00:12
positive news out of Lou Hahn China with
no new cases reported that's where the

00:00:17
pandemic began and December trying to slow
the spread of the corona virus British

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Prime Minister Boris Johnson effectively
closed down the United Kingdom Friday

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ordering pubs restaurants theaters
cinemas and gyms to shut their doors

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indefinitely Johnson said he understood
just how wrenching it is to take away the

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ancient rights of the
British people to go to

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a pub it was reaction to
many people to come here as

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a point to relax as family time
that's involved and that's taking

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a look away from certain people
but then again also now to have

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a say say screwed if it's going to get rid
of the virus I understand the pubs being

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closed. 6 months is a bit of a
long time to go to a pub for as

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a English person especially but we only
for the pub saw believe. And think if the

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pubs causing the well we're just going to
go inside us vice president Mike Pence is

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press secretary said Friday someone in his
office has tested positive for Corona

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virus the White House says a member
of vice president Mike Pence

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a staff has tested positive for the corona
virus that spokeswoman Katie Miller said

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Friday the staff member who was not named
could not have close contact with either

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the vice president or president truck the
individual's contacts are being traced in

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accordance with guidelines issued by the
Centers for Disease Control and Prevention

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hence has been the point man for the tropics
ministration in the fight against Cove

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it 19 I might Rossiya and this is the
away news. The United States said

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Friday it had begun the mass of task
of looking at the to repatch reate

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thousands of Americans stuck overseas in
the coronavirus pandemic as lawmakers

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press for more urgent action with much
of the world imposing restrictions on

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airlines canceling flights the State
Department is warned that Americans overseas

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risk being stranded for an indefinite period
of time with hospitals complaining of

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critical equipment shortages President Trump
is tapping really use executive powers

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to gather more help from the private
sector against the coronavirus pandemic

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Washington correspondents under my gun
the Defense Production Act allows him to

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push businesses to produce and collect
supplies like ventilators and the masks we

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put into gear the administration's also
effectively closing the Mexican border to

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most travel except trade similar to

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a move with Canada this week it's also
suspending some student loan interest and

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bumping the income tax filing deadline by
3 months your new date will be July 15th

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amid the announcements the
president took exception when

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a reporter asked for his
message to people fearful of

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a virus that's now killed more than 10000
people globally what you say to Americans

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who are watching you right now
who are scared I say that you're

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a terrible reporter that's what I
say solder mag on the Washington

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a union official says Air Canada will lay
off 5000 employees because of flight cuts

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trees to the coronavirus

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a peach froze Dillard Esma kind of his
longest line is cutting routes and parking

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planes amid the pandemic The group says
the decision is temporary and well be

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returned to active duty status when the
airline is able to ramp up its not well

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schedule the layoffs affect $3000.00
plus mainland employees as well as over

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$1000.00 flight attendants as Ruge and
kind of this discount brand the Montreal

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based company says it will suspend the
majority of its international and. U.s.

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Flights by March 31 I'm Charles the other
half mocking in medical practitioners who

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helped them to fight against

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a 2014 West Africa ball Alberich have been
deployed to Nairobi the main hospital

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jittery coronavirus patient it's on was
shared I was one of 155 Kenyan medics who

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went to Liberia and Sierra Leone in 2015
to help fight the outbreak got killed more

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than 11000 people 5 years later was sheer
and medics are applying what they learned

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from tackling a ball or
to combat they can or

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a virus in Kenya Kenyan authorities announced
the country's fast confirmed case of

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virus last week Mohammad use of
reporting I'm Tommy McNeil be

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a win there. From

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Washington the away from the
sands issues in the news.

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Welcome to

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a special edition of issues in the news
I'm Kim Lewis your host for this week's

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show if you're wondering why I am hosting
this show as everyone is now aware the

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cold that 19 pandemic has affected all
aspects of our lives including our

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programming here at the Voice of America
we are working very hard using creative

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ways to help keep you up to date on the
latest news developments Well joining me

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via phone is one of issues in the news
distinguished journalist and that is j.j.

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Grey national security correspondent for w
t o p and host of Target USA welcome j.j.

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And thank you for your flexibility and
being able to join me via phone thank you

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Kam It's my pleasure and being

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a veteran of your way I certainly
understand your talent. Your thanks.

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For taking the steps to make sure that.
Thank you so much will of course the

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biggest story of around the globe right now
is the corona virus which continues to

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spread in various parts of the world cases
are now being reported even in Africa

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here in the u.s.

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The state of California has been shut down
by the government and hopes of stopping

00:06:03
the spread of the virus while the u.s.

00:06:05
Centers for Disease Control at MIT's
that much of covert 19 remains

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a mystery the corona virus has been around
for decades and recently from June 24th

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teen through July 2017
there were 39558 cases of

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a positive strain of Corona
just here in the u.s.

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Which is an average of 13196 cases
during that time frame presently some

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parts of the world are experiencing

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a surge of the virus Well so far 86000
people have recovered from covert 19 well

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Jay-Jay we have dealt with various
viruses in the past h one

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n one SARS. Ebola the Hong Kong follow
the flying flow and back in the early

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1900

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a flu epidemic that actually initiated
here in the us but was known worldwide as

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the Spanish flu which killed hundreds of
thousands of people worldwide So what are

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your thoughts on why this virus has caused
panic and fear here in the year 2020

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there in my opinion Cam are 3 key elements
cornices they progress because of who

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and also there is the way in which it was
responded to early on and then the fact

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that we are so globally connected are all
contributing factors to why this is blown

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up into what it is when you're looking
at what took place when people started

00:07:31
figuring out that something was happening
in late December I think it was on the

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19th or 20th the December that people started
to figure out something was going on

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there but people were slow to realize
just what could happen flights were still

00:07:46
coming out on and out of China internationally
for several weeks after that and it

00:07:52
was very clear that probably by the early
part of January that that was blowing up

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into something that the world is devastating
before I don't believe the world was

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prepared for anything like this and I think
the key thank you again is the global

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connectivity here that has triggered this
worldwide pandemic so quickly because

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when you think about it this all started
in late December as I mentioned that look

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where we are down in that barge and you
know there are 246000 cases of this and it

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shows no sign of abating at least in this
part of the world China is kind of steady

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right now it's not according to what
they say and it's not clear that we can

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believe everything we hear from them is
saying that there were no new cases if

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that's the case and Greg but many people
are worried about whether or not we can

00:08:42
believe what they're saying about this
also. Not everyone seems to be panicking

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over this virus we're being shown videos
and photographs of people and socialise

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setting still such as the hundreds of
beachgoers in Florida who are undergoing

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their spring break and
also family in the u.s.

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State of New Jersey they lost 3
family members to cope at 19 after

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a family gathering so why do you think
people still are not heeding the warnings

00:09:08
and complying with the government regarding
social distancing Kim I think that the

00:09:13
time we live that I've spoken with people
who are experts in communications aside

00:09:19
from the media I'm talking about corporate
and private sector communications and

00:09:24
many different types of communications
even social media communications and what

00:09:29
they have said to me is this is plain and
simple people have gotten used to being

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able to access what they want to hear when
they want to hear things that they are

00:09:41
not necessarily interested
in saving or that this is

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a different situation and here's why yesterday
there are about 9000 plus cases it's

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7 30 in the morning here in the u.s.

00:09:52
Today there are 14000 yesterday there
were about 13000 in Germany at 7

00:09:59
in the morning today there are 16000
so what this means is that the u.s.

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Infection rate is growing faster than that
in Germany and it's probably going to

00:10:11
move past given

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a pass then even past the run by the early
part of next week and only Italy and

00:10:17
kind of infection set in the u.s.

00:10:20
And

00:10:20
a part of that has to do with the fact that
people either don't know don't care or

00:10:25
are not taking appropriate action
because they're not sure what to do and

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a lot of this has to do with people simply
as I mentioned before ignoring what

00:10:35
they've been told and in other cases not
knowing exactly what to do yes the sexy

00:10:39
back to our coverage here at the Voice of
America of the Ebola virus in West. Back

00:10:45
in 2014 where

00:10:46
a lot of the spread was due to people
basically not following direction people also

00:10:52
getting mixed communication they're getting
communication from health agencies from

00:10:58
humanitarian agencies the show the c.d.c.

00:11:01
And yet they are also getting information
from their local you know village chiefs

00:11:06
who are telling them sometimes giving them
the opposite of what they would being

00:11:10
told by the c.d.c.

00:11:12
So I don't think that would be the case
here Phil but I think it's mostly of what

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you're saying people just say I'm going
to live my life the way I want to I don't

00:11:19
need the government to tell me what to do
so I think it's more of that than getting

00:11:24
mixed signals Yeah that is true and this
is the here's the problem with people

00:11:29
decide to take that approach then they
may live birth order because like your

00:11:35
government or the government in the world
the leaders of the government are. The

00:11:42
people who are the least in populations
around the world and here's why this is an

00:11:48
airborne transmitted type of virus and
it can happen to anyone as we've noted

00:11:55
we think it's the way things where people
who either been on an airplane people who

00:12:01
in building people who. Are out in public
places forward think your government

00:12:07
figures every day. That the
grandparents. Are People

00:12:14
Too getting sick by being sick and by
the butler one thing that struck me as

00:12:19
important is. That from The New York Governor
Andrew Cuomo on Thursday and he said

00:12:26
. People have the virus and we don't know
who they are because we can't them but

00:12:32
the most telling thing is that. The
people had that virus before we

00:12:39
knew about it and that many of them have
recovered on their own but they. Who can

00:12:46
grow out of our worker problem well before
it became public we know and there may

00:12:52
be people struggling right now so this is
the key to being to be looking I think

00:12:57
with of people who are reluctant to pay

00:13:00
a curtain is that it may already be in
your neighborhood may already be in your

00:13:04
home or need to pay

00:13:05
a parent because of the result could
be problematic exactly now j.j.

00:13:10
We do have Paul brand us on the line with
us now we had some technical difficulty

00:13:14
earlier and we're now able to bring him
and this is Paul Brandis White House

00:13:18
reporter for West Wing reports and

00:13:20
a columnist for USA Today thank you Paul
I'm so glad you could join us or you thank

00:13:25
you good now fall for you here in the u.s.

00:13:28
The Trump administration is taking measures
to not only combat the spread of the

00:13:33
virus but to help people economically so
that the economy does not collapse from

00:13:37
this some of these measures include

00:13:39
a coronavirus stimulus plan to provide
people with cash to help small businesses

00:13:45
stay in business and to prevent home
foreclosures he's also deploying to hospital

00:13:50
ships one on the East Coast and one on the
West Coast and also he may enable the

00:13:56
Defense Production at so how so far how
do you think President Trump is handling

00:14:01
the pandemic Well cording to be doing

00:14:04
a great job with the critics of course point
to the fact that we are well behind in

00:14:11
testing here is kind of an interesting story
the 1st confirmed case of Corona virus

00:14:17
was confirmed in both South Korea and
the United States on the very same day

00:14:24
South Korea has raised the
head with massive fasting

00:14:27
a bit people they have lowered the curb or
bend the curve that's sort of the phrase

00:14:33
that's being used here but the United States
in that regard is way behind there are

00:14:39
shortages testing kits there are shortages
of maps there are shortages. All kinds

00:14:45
of medical gear all sorts of things this
isn't me saying that this is governors

00:14:51
around the nation who say that this is
Hospital officials around the country who

00:14:56
are saying that so that's sort of the
situation on the ground and as this virus

00:15:02
spread the number of cases is growing
quite rapidly I think is going to come

00:15:07
a time when the shortages become quite
apparent judge your thoughts on this I know

00:15:12
you previously mentioned the lack of testing
in the beginning yeah exactly and you

00:15:17
know we were seeing the results of that
one of the things that took place as this

00:15:22
started was we were seeing in some places
like romantic rise in the number of cases

00:15:27
in other places there were minimal there
was minimal reporting even yesterday you

00:15:32
look at Russia Russia was reporting
something like 150 some cases of the

00:15:38
coronavirus and that was only 10 more then
again before well it's exploding on the

00:15:43
western border in Europe
that of course was

00:15:46
a gigantic hero in China from the very
beginning Russia with 6 and between them has

00:15:51
not had more than

00:15:53
a relatively few cases so I started to
dig into that and competent people about

00:15:57
that egress and out why and they say they
believe that government is lying about it

00:16:02
because it's

00:16:03
a governmental relating to the Latymer
couldn't interested in getting to war terms

00:16:09
to serve and then if this is about the
inability to get to it they can't get the

00:16:14
kids so

00:16:15
a part of what I'm hearing as well from
some of the folks up at the speaking with

00:16:19
is Dr Dan Rather than told to quantify
in the cases coronavirus that they get

00:16:27
pneumonia in order to not disturb the
political kerning they don't serve to

00:16:33
trying to save some of the. Not being able
to get the test kits but that sort of

00:16:39
problem not just here in the u.s.

00:16:41
But in other places as well and on that
note we're going to take as. Short break

00:16:45
issues in the news is coming to you from
the Voice of America in Washington if you

00:16:50
would like to download the program it's
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00:16:54
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00:16:56
News dot com While you're there check out
our other programs Press Conference USA

00:17:01
and encounter also visit
us on Facebook and leave

00:17:04
a comment or 2 then like us at current
affairs with Carol Castiel now that top

00:17:09
panel j.j. Grey national security
correspondent for w t o p

00:17:13
n host of Target USA and Paul Brandis White
House reporter for West Wing reports

00:17:18
and

00:17:18
a columnist for USA Today I'm going to throw
this question out to both of you what

00:17:24
would it mean for people
if the government declares

00:17:26
a coronavirus national emergency j.j.

00:17:30
Well what it would mean and we should take
this very seriously I would figure in

00:17:35
the v.o.a.

00:17:35
Building on September 11th 2001 and
for those who remember or Ok history

00:17:42
of that day they know that the plane that
crashed in some kinds of pain it was

00:17:47
caused the plane destined for the u.s.

00:17:49
Capitol and for those who know
anything about the v.o.a.

00:17:52
Building headquarters building literally
right across the street from the u.s.

00:17:56
Capitol I can recall walking out the door
and seeing this tree swarming with black

00:18:03
and you'd be like in a panic I
can also remember probably maybe

00:18:08
a half an hour 40 minutes later walking
up to the roof of that building and seen

00:18:13
the Pentagon on fire and of course knowing
that since I was New York the whole

00:18:18
country was in a bit of

00:18:20
a panic so what did the testing right now
is that authorities though what they need

00:18:26
to do in order to deal with this on

00:18:29
a scale but what has to be done if the
same thing that were done later that day I

00:18:35
remember walking down the street independent
here with the car inside the only

00:18:41
military vehicles on the road and people
were told no. In the center of the screen

00:18:46
and veer away from that this was done
better than what I'm getting on here and

00:18:51
there are going to be some very strict
circumstances and London is going to learn

00:18:55
shortly at least on

00:18:56
a partial basis for this weekend it's not
clear how long that kind of activity they

00:19:01
come to the us the kind of activity they
need people needing permission slips if

00:19:06
you will to be out on the streets they
don't so many people being crammed by the

00:19:11
government to know that several governments
overseas are already doing that using

00:19:15
location data from smartphones and other
devices those kinds of things could come

00:19:20
to the u.s.

00:19:21
You get to the point and based on where
we are right now and then agreements and

00:19:26
earlier can people not easily advise going
in and some stimulus to do more than

00:19:31
sanctions may be a done
deal here in the u.s.

00:19:35
. And also Paul your thoughts on this that
I mentioned earlier that the governor of

00:19:40
California shut the state of California
down meaning that people can only go out

00:19:45
for essentials such as food items or arm
medicine they can go out to exercise I

00:19:51
understand your thoughts on this well we're
already seeing some of the curfews in

00:19:56
place for example in the state of
New Jersey which is on the u.s.

00:20:01
East coast quite well a state of
the governor there has ordered

00:20:05
a statewide therapy or you could only be
out in and then burgeon see it to go into

00:20:10
the grocery store or something and I think
those are beginning to pop up in other

00:20:16
places but I want to comment
on something that j.j.

00:20:20
Said very interesting point about 2001
that was now nearly 20 years ago hard

00:20:27
to believe that so much time has passed
but what I think is interesting between

00:20:32
then and now is that back then there was

00:20:35
a lot more confidence
and trust in the u.s.

00:20:39
Government to do the right things people
had trust and faith in the government. To

00:20:45
do what was right I think that is
not so much the case now we had

00:20:50
a big economic crisis here in
2007 through 2009 and polls

00:20:57
showed that ever since then the trust that
Americans have in government to do the

00:21:03
right things has

00:21:04
a road ahead and I think that has
remained so we enter this crisis with

00:21:09
a lot less trust and faith in government
to do the right thing frankly and also it

00:21:15
has not helped that. Has said things in the
White House briefing room that frankly

00:21:22
aren't true about how there's testing kits
available for every one of the numbers

00:21:28
are going down and so forth so in terms
of 1st thing the government there are all

00:21:33
kinds of reasons to support

00:21:35
a theory that people simply don't have
faith in the government to do the right

00:21:39
thing here in a crisis like this
that is only getting bigger that is

00:21:44
a problem so I think that's something that
we have to keep in mind as well and I

00:21:48
also don't want to go back
and look at China just for

00:21:52
a 2nd where it has been reported and Mohan
China that this virus originated and

00:21:58
there have been reports that China
is saying and blaming even the u.s.

00:22:03
For manufacturing this virus What do you
all thoughts on this yeah you know the

00:22:08
discussions about this being

00:22:10
a book bioengineered virus from the
very beginning and they're barely even

00:22:15
prominent people including the u.s.

00:22:17
Senator who theory in public that this was

00:22:22
a bioengineered this is fired as but he
said that it was trying to get it now is

00:22:29
saying among others that
it's something the u.s.

00:22:32
But you know you have
to think about the in

00:22:34
a logical way if you look at what this is
done to train of the economy is basically

00:22:40
delivered a blow to it
that it's going to take

00:22:42
a while to recover from. General
you talk about what the u.s.

00:22:47
Is facing and this president is saying
things are real let him here then the way

00:22:52
this is going this isn't going
well for him or the u.s.

00:22:57
Or protecting them and I don't think that
anybody that says anything or create

00:23:02
anything like this the current leases that
is going to do it without some kind of

00:23:06
consultation or term for it to how it's
going to impact them personally at home

00:23:12
unless of course this would come that
science is that nobody knows about I don't

00:23:16
buy that conspiracy theory piece what about
you Paul I mean if you look at all the

00:23:20
damage that has been done in China an
awful lot of people killed their economy

00:23:26
taking just a major hit over the
past couple months these kind of

00:23:31
a virus is in pandemics have been

00:23:33
a part of human history going back
to the very beginning it was only

00:23:38
a century ago in fact that we had to
influenza that killed millions of people

00:23:44
around the world and I've been talking to
various experts on these kind of saints

00:23:50
who say look even when we
get a grip on this we're on

00:23:53
a buyer's Senates important to note that
a vaccine they say is probably at least

00:23:59
a year away or perhaps
even the longer a year and

00:24:02
a half because one date that they're talking
about we're going to be other viruses

00:24:07
and other hand Democrats that pop up from
time to time as well and some people fear

00:24:12
in fact it could be even worse than this
one if you can believe it so there's

00:24:16
a theory that you know some mad scientist
in the lab did something and that got out

00:24:22
of hand if I could be blunt kind of crackpot
theories that pop up and they right

00:24:28
around the Internet and I'm sure there are
people who believe those kind of things

00:24:32
but I just don't think it's true what it's
estimated that the virus outbreak could

00:24:37
go on for as long as 18 months so
if so what what The New Normal be

00:24:43
like and what. Lessons have we learned so
far from this virus for instance I'm just

00:24:48
looking at a lot of the small businesses
for example did they really have back

00:24:53
a business plan to keep going in

00:24:54
a case like this one even family do they
have preparations at home family go bags

00:24:59
extra supplies at home so what lessons have
we learned want to get back to the time

00:25:04
in the 19 fifties and 1960 s.

00:25:08
When there were fears of nuclear war and
school children practiced ducking beneath

00:25:14
their desks those as if
that would be helpful in

00:25:17
a nuclear war but people bought on shelters
and put them in their backyard and they

00:25:23
stocked up on food and that kind of thing
I've sensed or kind of going back to an

00:25:29
era where I think some sort of

00:25:31
a fear will hang over us rather like it
did back then I think this says kind of

00:25:38
shaken at least Americans out of whatever

00:25:41
a sense of complacency we may have had the
attacks of September 11th 2001 that j.j.

00:25:47
Was talking about also shook this out of

00:25:50
a complacency but that was 20 years ago
and I think this will kind of do the same

00:25:56
thing I think

00:25:57
a lot of things that we've taken for granted
in the United States I'm sure this is

00:26:01
true in Europe as well I'm not
sure we can take the kind of

00:26:06
a carefree lifestyle that we've always
just sumed we would have I don't think we

00:26:10
could take that for granted
anymore and in terms of

00:26:13
a lot of small businesses know most of
them don't have a fallback plan for

00:26:18
a lot of businesses literally
survive a hand to mouth

00:26:22
a lot of them I think are going
to go under it's going to change

00:26:26
a lot of things about way we live and
play I think it's going to result in more

00:26:30
people helical meeting more people have

00:26:33
a long distance education all sorts of
things that are going to change well that

00:26:39
have been changing and I think this crisis
will simply Excel or at some of these

00:26:43
creeks visiting changes. Said

00:26:45
a how do you see the new normal Yeah Kim
what you said earlier about this perhaps

00:26:50
stretching out over maybe 18 months is I
think spot on and what Paul said as well

00:26:56
is right down the middle on this
people not just here in the u.s.

00:26:59
But around the world probably
ought to look at the as

00:27:03
a long term scenario just based on what
I've heard from medical professionals from

00:27:08
intelligence officials and from corporate
experts as well and the interesting part

00:27:13
about this is that it comes most likely in
waves across this country at least it'll

00:27:20
probably happen in ways you
know it's not going to be

00:27:23
a 2 week scenario is not going to be

00:27:25
a 2 month scenario it's
probably going to happen in

00:27:27
a way that is essential for many people may
have had it and didn't even know it you

00:27:32
know the symptoms are said to be mild to
moderate amounts from people but there are

00:27:36
205 that in the u.s.

00:27:38
And we can think of this similar to what
we thought that during the 911 crisis

00:27:45
everything tends to be that we were warned
about terrorism and some people ignoring

00:27:51
a lot of people laughed it off we've been
warned about a pandemic there's been

00:27:54
a movie made about some people have sat
there and enjoyed the movie people have to

00:27:59
ignore the warnings of scientists and other
people talking about preparations it's

00:28:03
better here we are we're awake now and
this is what we're going to have to do you

00:28:07
know what the days weeks months
and you know perhaps even

00:28:11
a year or more past is that we're not
going to be able to do the things that we

00:28:15
create before for

00:28:17
a good while so people should have those
plans in place they should also prepare

00:28:22
for what we don't know and how could you
give that we do that by keeping your ears

00:28:26
open your eyes open and remembering that
this whole business about hygiene is

00:28:33
key you know washing your hands and things
like that that stuff is key right now

00:28:38
especially when we deal with this
so people are going to have to pay

00:28:41
a lot more attention to not just what
they do at home but what they see

00:28:44
a lot of. That is going to be

00:28:47
a situation where I was well we're going
to end our program on that note I want to

00:28:52
thank my 2 guests distinguished Washington
journalist Paul Brandis White House

00:28:56
reporter for West Wing reports and
columnist for USA Today and Jay Jay Green

00:29:02
national security correspondent for w t

00:29:04
o p and host of Target USA Thanks again for
your flexibility and for your thoughts

00:29:10
as we live through the covert
1000 pandemic this was

00:29:13
a special edition of issues in the news
and we will continue to work to bring you

00:29:17
up to date information weekly on this
program for as long as we technically are

00:29:23
able to do that thanks to our engineer Joe
Gill I'm Kim Lewis and please tune in

00:29:28
next weekend for another edition of issues
in the news right here on the v.o.a.

00:29:34
.

00:29:46
V.o.a. The science edition of Press
Conference USA here's your host battle

00:29:52
a. Welcome to the science edition of
Press Conference USA I'm Rick Banta Layo

00:29:59
on today's program we are going to talk
about what's on everyone's mind these days

00:30:03
the coronavirus pandemic that sweeping the
world but before we get into our topic

00:30:09
because of the coronavirus and the need for
social distancing in the United States

00:30:14
our current affairs team of v.o.a.

00:30:16
Has been asked to telework that's work
from home more frequently this may prevent

00:30:21
us from providing you with fresh programs
like Press Conference USA encounter and

00:30:26
issues in the news on

00:30:27
a weekly basis we will be doing more
interviews by phone and that may reduce the

00:30:33
audio quality of our programs we may also
have to run encore programs from time to

00:30:38
time however we want you to know that
despite the difficult days ahead and

00:30:43
technical shortcomings my colleagues Carol
Castiel Kim Lewis and I will work hard

00:30:48
every day to bring you our 3 news analysis
programs to the best of our ability and

00:30:54
we do thank you for your understanding
with 19 or coronavirus 2019 is the name of

00:31:00
the disease that's caused by

00:31:02
a novel or new corona virus that has never
before been detected in humans according

00:31:07
to the National Institutes
of Health coronaviruses are

00:31:11
a large family of viruses that usually
cause mild to moderate upper respiratory

00:31:16
tract illnesses like the common cold those
who have tested positive for Cove and 19

00:31:22
have ranged from having very mild symptoms
with some reporting no symptoms to those

00:31:27
severe with illnesses that result in death
concern over the spread of covert 19

00:31:32
continues to touch virtually every aspect
of daily life national regional and local

00:31:37
government leaders have put unprecedented
policies into effect to help mitigate the

00:31:42
spread of covert 19 the pan. Demick is
affecting the global economy throwing the

00:31:47
world's financial markets into

00:31:49
a period of extreme volatility and
uncertainty governments and international

00:31:53
organizations are planning to implement
significant measures to help offset the

00:31:58
potential economic impact of the pandemic
people are encouraged to practice

00:32:02
something called social distancing which
Johns Hopkins University defines as

00:32:07
a public health practice that prevents
sick people from coming into close contact

00:32:11
with healthy people to reduce opportunities
for disease transmission This means

00:32:16
that schools are closing with some offering
online education instead of classroom

00:32:21
education in many parts of the world scores
of restaurants and theaters have closed

00:32:25
their doors with New York's Broadway dimming
its lights until at least April 12th

00:32:31
major sporting events have been canceled
or postponed the world's religions have

00:32:35
been affected by the pandemic with many
closing their churches mosques synagogues

00:32:40
and temples to the public and offering
online or televised additions of their

00:32:45
religious services today will talk about
covert 19 the corona virus that causes it

00:32:50
what medical science is learning about it
efforts being made to mitigate the spread

00:32:55
of the disease and what we may expect in
the future my co-host for today's program

00:33:00
is v.o.a.

00:33:01
Health reporter Carole Pearson and our
featured guest for today's program is Dr

00:33:06
Thomas Frieden m.d.

00:33:07
Dr Frieden is an infectious disease and
public health physician he is currently

00:33:12
President and c.e.o.

00:33:13
Of resolve to save lives and initiative
that has been established to prevent

00:33:18
epidemics and cardiovascular disease
from 2009 to 2017 Dr Frieden served

00:33:25
as director of the Centers for Disease
Control and Prevention in Atlanta Georgia

00:33:30
and before that it was commissioner of
the New York City Health Department Dr

00:33:34
Frieden Can you please take us back to the
start of this cove in 1000 crisis how

00:33:39
did the virus develop and then initially
spread it back. Out. Is that emerged in

00:33:46
China around November of last year and
then spread ultimately from Bath host

00:33:53
through some intermediate animal supposed
possibly or probably to what's called

00:33:59
a wet market or an market where exotic
animals are sold for food this is the same

00:34:05
way the stories virus spread 17 years earlier
from China no one's certain but what

00:34:11
is certain is that this is unprecedented
never before has there been

00:34:15
a brand new virus including Does this but
other than influenza and brand new virus

00:34:21
that has emerged in one part
of the world and become

00:34:23
a pandemic all over the world and yet there
are people who say that this virus was

00:34:29
manufactured in

00:34:30
a lab and then let loose and it's one of
the rumors how do we know that that's not

00:34:35
true there are many rumors about viruses
and I feel that as with many different

00:34:40
microbes sunlight is the best disinfectant
getting information not making it

00:34:45
clearly and openly available will allow
that kind of rumor to be accessed there are

00:34:50
genetic fingerprint of the virus that
according to the virus all of this who know

00:34:55
this best suggests that this is
not an engineered virus this is

00:34:59
a naturally occurring virus

00:35:01
a very much like some that occur in nature
and this is how SARS spread in 2003 so

00:35:08
the weight of evidence now certainly
suggests that something like

00:35:11
a wet market from

00:35:12
a natural source in the way that this is
most likely to have spread if there are

00:35:17
other theories or concerns or have pocket
his Those should be looked at openly and

00:35:22
transparently so that sunlight can disinfect
that women I know new vaccines have

00:35:27
been developed at this point to prevent the
confection Dr Anthony Fauci says it may

00:35:31
be 18 months or so before one is available
for general distribution What are your

00:35:36
thoughts on that there are things that we
can do right now every one of us needs to

00:35:41
wash our hands more cover our cost. Not
in fact others if we get ticked and stop

00:35:48
shaking hands for

00:35:49
a while people who are medically vulnerable
older people what's underlying health

00:35:54
conditions where this is spreading in
the community really need to isolate

00:35:58
themselves from others to protect themselves
health care facilities need to learn

00:36:03
to surge safely that means improving Infection
Prevention and Control getting ready

00:36:09
to treat large numbers of people with just
mild illness and also getting ready to

00:36:15
veer situation to have to treat people
who need support for breathing with

00:36:20
ventilators or oxygen in society as

00:36:23
a whole we need to think about social
distancing and in creepy thing that distance

00:36:28
between people canceling unnecessary meetings
and other large gatherings and making

00:36:34
sure that we continue to learn more about
this virus so we can do more about it one

00:36:40
thing is that we may have

00:36:42
a treatment in the market weeks or months
and that could occur and then it will be

00:36:46
a question of getting it to people back
seen development is very challenging and

00:36:52
though there are promising candidate that
seems we have no guarantee that about 15

00:36:57
will become available and if
it does it will be at least

00:37:01
a year or 2 from that that we absolutely
have to do everything in our power to try

00:37:06
to get

00:37:06
a vaccine but we can't depend on it and
there's no certainty that we'll have it we

00:37:10
don't know that there will be

00:37:12
a safe and effective vaccine available
but we certainly hope that will be Dr

00:37:16
Frieden you mentioned the social
distancing and I understand

00:37:19
a number of people who are undergoing South
Korean team when you're talking about

00:37:23
both what kind of period of time are we
talking about how long does it Yeah great

00:37:29
question we have no idea how long it will
continue in China they had hundreds of

00:37:34
millions of people stay home and they just
gradually would be opening the economy

00:37:40
and society right now and they're doing
such extensive work. It doesn't look like

00:37:46
outside of the provinces where this started
it doesn't look like there's command

00:37:50
a virus so there people can go about
their business carefully and it's an arc

00:37:55
sponsored try to convene them but we don't
know what will happen in the future and

00:37:59
you want to do with confidence they know
what's going to happen with his fires

00:38:03
doesn't know enough about this virus
there is one doctor at the University of

00:38:08
Maryland who looked out where the
corona virus was breaking out and the

00:38:12
temperatures of the regions where it
was breaking out and he just published

00:38:18
a study saying that in his opinion according
to the numbers he saw this should

00:38:25
mitigate it should kind of disappear as it
gets warmer in these regions so we know

00:38:31
a little bit more but I would look we'd
look at that study and we don't find it

00:38:35
convincing hypotheses it could be
better when it gets warmer but that's

00:38:41
a guess there's no evidence to support that
gas this virus is new to the world and

00:38:46
when you look at influenza it behaves very
differently in tropical climates from

00:38:52
temperate climates in tropical climate it
spreads all year round so there's no flu

00:38:57
season but there's

00:38:58
a lot of new all year round and if we look
at other Karuna viruses other similar

00:39:04
viruses one of them at least has

00:39:06
a peak both in the winter and in summer
so the only time we can hope for the best

00:39:12
but more importantly we have to work to the
best and we have to plan for the worst

00:39:17
I don't suggest that Africa in some way
in using to this disease which we've seen

00:39:22
on social media is very dangerous because
there's no evidence that that's the case

00:39:27
and fact we're beginning to see that in
Africa where they're looking for it isn't

00:39:32
the case is that this disease is more
severe among older people and so societies

00:39:37
that have

00:39:37
a smaller proportion of people who are elderly
many have more difficulty identifying

00:39:44
it on less. They can test them why do some
countries seem to have fewer reported

00:39:49
cases than others and how is this possible
there are several things happening 1st

00:39:53
this is spreading very rapidly around the
world but it's not spreading evenly it's

00:39:59
more in some places and then in others
partly because travel patterns and partly

00:40:04
because of events that may allow it to
spread very widely as happened in South

00:40:10
Korea in one community also in different
parts of the country there has been

00:40:16
a lot of different parts of the world so
when we look around the United States and

00:40:20
around the world we see
places that don't have

00:40:23
a lot of diagnosed cases some of the
places are looking at them are finding and

00:40:28
don't have it yet others of them simply
aren't looking so we don't know yet but

00:40:33
certainly they came in the United States
today is that anyone with severe pneumonia

00:40:38
should be tested for this so we can
understand what's happening we also need to

00:40:43
really protect congregate facilities
places like nursing homes where this can

00:40:48
spread explosively hospitals prisons homeless
shelters these are all the locations

00:40:53
where I didn't mean like this can really
reach havoc Dr Frieden you said that if

00:40:59
you have severe pneumonia you should be
tested but I have drifted to that by the

00:41:05
time you have severe pneumonia this virus
has damaged your lungs is that too late

00:41:12
and there's been a lot of
confusion about the testing. If

00:41:16
a community is trying to contain the virus
that is find every single infection and

00:41:21
stop them and testing is very important if

00:41:24
a community doesn't know that kind of virus
is there and testing very important to

00:41:30
find out when it comes and if someone's
ill with claiming there is it's very ill

00:41:34
it's important to test them so that they
can be cared for safely and rolled in

00:41:39
clinical trials that we can understand
more about the nature of this disease and

00:41:44
there are. Very important the detective
after the mirror launched investigations

00:41:49
that need to be done in order for us to
learn more about the virus so we can do

00:41:54
more about it but in contrast in

00:41:58
a community where the virus is spreading
widely and it has become difficult or

00:42:03
impossible to find all of the chain the
transmission and texting has much more

00:42:08
limited role. Unfortunately I think the
situation in several communities in the

00:42:15
United States now early on when it's good
when you try to find every case that

00:42:19
where it starts been widely in the community
you have to devote your resources to

00:42:24
doing as much good as you can protecting
people as much as you can I had read that

00:42:30
some Taiwanese experts said if you
do this in the morning but take

00:42:34
a deep breath hold your breath for more
than 10 seconds and if you can do that

00:42:39
without coughing without discomfort without
stiffness or tightness in your chest

00:42:44
then there's no fibrosis in your
lungs and they also recommend taking

00:42:48
a few sips of water say your mouth and
breath stay moist and because if you don't

00:42:53
drink enough water the virus can enter
your windpipe and then get into your lungs

00:42:58
What do you recommend this
is well you know there's

00:43:01
a lot of rumor going on on the Internet I
think it's important that we focus on the

00:43:06
things that we have reasonable evidence
maids are going to help wash your hands

00:43:12
regularly carve your mouth and nose when
you cough or sneeze and cover it with

00:43:17
crook of your elbow or with

00:43:18
a tissue that you them throw out don't go
out if you're sick or if you do go out

00:43:23
and you're sick where that stop shaking
and don't go to mass gatherings these are

00:43:29
things that we know are likely to be kept
you on to protect others if they're older

00:43:36
my mother was 90 on my advice she was
taking long walks outside and walking

00:43:42
a lot of moving and reading books

00:43:44
a lot of. Reacting with
others because in reading of

00:43:47
a community where she lives
Dr I'm curious how long does

00:43:51
a corona virus infection last how long
could we if someone is infected and is

00:43:55
displaying symptoms of the corona virus
how long can they expect to be under the

00:44:00
weather from the coronavirus it we have
trying to elsewhere suggest that or not and

00:44:05
if people get action will have either no
symptoms or moderate symptoms and may feel

00:44:12
better many roommates
are bad for a long as

00:44:15
a few weeks with people with severe illness
1st thing relatively long course is

00:44:21
that we're seeing people
get sick aggressively over

00:44:25
a daughter and 7 to 10 days and Basic who
were very weak and then recovered very

00:44:32
groggy so who are people for whom. It's

00:44:36
a long struggle to deal with it sounds
like a recovery time of pneumonia it is

00:44:41
a model bottle. When our x.

00:44:45
Ray was one of the lungs.
Quite prominently.

00:44:53
Pintu a quarter from let's take

00:44:55
a break now you're listening to the science
edition of Press Conference USA on The

00:44:59
Voice of America I'm
Rick Pantoliano Here's

00:45:03
a reminder that press conference USA is
available for free download from our

00:45:08
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00:45:11
USA and from many streaming services such
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00:45:17
the internet please check out our Facebook
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00:45:22
v.o.a.

00:45:23
For alerts send program updates we will
increasingly be using social media to communicate

00:45:29
with you and to supplement our broadcasts
which will be more difficult to sustain

00:45:34
But make no mistake we will go out of our
way to serve you and bring you as many

00:45:39
fresh programs whether Press Conference
USA encounter or issues in the news so.

00:45:44
Please bear with us during these difficult
days now back to the science edition of

00:45:50
Press Conference USA Today
we're talking about covert 19

00:45:54
a corona virus that causes it what medical
science is learning about it efforts

00:45:59
being made to mitigate the spread of the
disease and what we may expect in the

00:46:03
future my co-host today is the away health
reporter Carol Pearson and our featured

00:46:09
guest is Dr Thomas Frieden m.d.
He is president and c.e.o.

00:46:14
Of resolve to save lives and initiative
that has been established to prevent

00:46:18
epidemics and cardiovascular disease Dr
Frieden previously served as director of

00:46:24
the Centers for Disease Control and
Prevention in Atlanta Georgia and as the

00:46:29
commissioner of the New York City Health
Department Dr Frieden I'm curious to know

00:46:34
how cool that 19 especially the more serious
cases is being treated in hospitals

00:46:39
and other medical facilities Well 1st and
foremost you need to be treated safely

00:46:45
every coming in with cough or shortness
of breath need to be isolated

00:46:52
and we need to ensure the health care workers
are picked act and can get infections

00:46:57
2nd we need to make sure that the care is
as effective as possible and right now

00:47:04
it's what's called supportive care encouraging
people to do whatever possible to

00:47:10
support the breathing patients who have
severe pneumonia and that may mean

00:47:15
supplemental oxygen that
may mean ECMO which is

00:47:19
a way of actually getting the
blood or putting someone on

00:47:22
a ventilator this is something which in
many low and middle income countries isn't

00:47:27
widely available and even in the most
advanced cities in the world that outbreak of

00:47:34
coronavirus could overwhelm passages health
care facilities to provide ventilator

00:47:40
support to people who actually the u.s.

00:47:44
Is. About 2 weeks behind Europe which is
the current area where it's spreading

00:47:51
rapidly does the closeness of where people
live in Europe in Atlanta thinking of

00:47:57
Italy we've seen pictures of people singing
from their balconies does that have any

00:48:03
impact on how easily the virus can spread
what we've seen is manifest gatherings

00:48:10
being potential places where a lot of
people can spread and we still don't know

00:48:15
a lot about the patterns and spread but
certainly when people are placed together

00:48:20
and mixing closely and there's

00:48:23
a potential of lack of spread that's why
it's so important that people who are out

00:48:27
of war theater don't go
out and they go out to

00:48:31
a war hospital do so safely covering their
mouth and know Dr Frieden we've been

00:48:38
talking

00:48:39
a little bit about the least Carol when
you have been shown to the nightmarish

00:48:42
condition in Italy how did things get so
out of hand so quickly one of the really

00:48:47
striking features about
coronavirus is how rapidly. With

00:48:54
colleagues we've recently reviewed the
evidence and will be publishing it this week

00:48:59
on what are called supers reading. And
in those events large numbers of people

00:49:05
getting affected in

00:49:07
a short period of time and what we find is
that to prevent those events you really

00:49:13
need to act very vigorously within about
one week in order to limit them than that

00:49:21
and does it help like in the United States
schools are closing people the federal

00:49:27
government for the most part is now teleworking
Are these the sorts of things that

00:49:32
will buy you some time there are certain
things that certainly make sense kind of

00:49:37
working reducing mass gatherings going
to tell of meetings schools are

00:49:43
a much more complex. Good issue although
there remains investable pressure to close

00:49:49
to schools it's not necessarily going to
have the thing impact this is because all

00:49:55
the children get inspected but it's by
race it's not millions based spread it to

00:50:01
add to this is different in the end we
think Lou and kids are an important source

00:50:08
and spread at the time it's into
song and if you close schools for

00:50:12
a couple of months you may be able to knock
down the number of cases they've been

00:50:17
by as much as 40 percent
but we don't know whether

00:50:21
a doubt the case here with coronavirus
and all of these steps what's key

00:50:28
is to balance the projected cost not
just economic but also societal

00:50:35
against the potential health benefits of
taking that action so while there are

00:50:40
schools closing that may not always be
indicated for maximally effective to protect

00:50:47
society and of course schools have many.
Important social functions in addition to

00:50:54
education and when kids are out often
their. Parents can't work so there are

00:51:00
a lot of things to consider with it's
and it's really an explanation of cost

00:51:05
estimates from family Dr Frieden going to
ask you your personal opinion here what

00:51:10
is your reaction to the public health
response to this pandemic Mrs on press of

00:51:15
them. Other than when to them that which
spreads each year we've never seen

00:51:22
a new virus emerge and then spread around
the world it has already been moved or

00:51:28
disrupted been and the infectious disease
event has been 19181919 influenza

00:51:35
pandemic so the most destructive
infectious need event in more than

00:51:41
a 100 years. One of the things that I wish
we would do more and I hope that we do

00:51:47
your very quickly is to learn
more about how the virus spreads

00:51:54
whether it's spreads from children and
asymptomatic people what works best to

00:52:00
protect health care workers so that we
can target all interventions and be as

00:52:06
effective as possible and. That means that
public health departments need to be in

00:52:12
the lead on the response figuring out
what works communicating that effectively

00:52:18
with the public and doing investigations
so that we can learn more good more to

00:52:25
protect people Dr Frieden you've mentioned
the 1918 flu epidemic have we learned

00:52:30
any lessons from that that we're applying
to this current pandemic there has been

00:52:34
a lot of planning around and then mix
how to address them how to mitigate the

00:52:40
impact and that's the playbook that many
groups and countries are now using to

00:52:46
respond to that coded 19 pandemic so that
planning has been very helpful but every

00:52:53
infectious disease is going
to be different and requires

00:52:55
a different approach and that's why getting
information as quickly as possible and

00:53:00
using that information to track people is
so critically important this occur around

00:53:05
a virus the novel one is very similar
I understand to the SARS coronavirus

00:53:12
that broke out again in China some
years ago could this possibly be just

00:53:18
a mutation of thought. This has some
relation to starting fires but it's

00:53:25
closely related in the
sense Stanley is not

00:53:27
a descendent that there is what we know
is that coded is both more infectious

00:53:34
and less deadly than the SARS virus we don't
know how much more infectious and how

00:53:40
much less deadly it can the same animal
unlike SARS it doesn't look like we're

00:53:46
going to be able to stop and make it ever
so we need to figure out how to manage it

00:53:51
how to mitigate and reduce the harm it
causes also on societal harms Dr Frieden

00:53:58
like Kovac 19 the 1st reported case of
SARS was reported in November and 2002 the

00:54:05
w.h.o.

00:54:06
Had announced that it had been contained
by chill i 2003 do you think world health

00:54:12
officials will be able to contain coded 19
within the same period. You know so when

00:54:17
you think it will peak. Well I think no
one can predict when it's that easy but

00:54:25
it doesn't look like containment
that is getting it completely

00:54:32
out of society may not be possible
it has spread so widely with so

00:54:39
many chains of transmission that unlike
SARS coded looks like it may not be able to

00:54:45
be contained at this point so we're going
to have to do with everything we can to

00:54:51
reduce the impact on societies particularly
societies which have limited health

00:54:56
services need to protect it's not services
that we can reduce the societal harms

00:55:03
and also reduce the risk that other corps
of thinking hands will get disrupted

00:55:08
children need to get vaccinated women need
to get reproductive health care people

00:55:13
with chronic to really need to get them
treated people who have crashes and other

00:55:17
injuries need to have been attended to all
of these things need to continue whacko

00:55:23
that is with us I was talking
to a doctor at the u.s.

00:55:27
Food and Drug Administration and she was
saying that she would like to see you know

00:55:33
. Testing for like 10000
people on a random basis in

00:55:38
a particular community just to see because
we don't know how widespread this virus

00:55:44
is we don't know who has it but doesn't
show symptoms who has it but the symptoms

00:55:51
are so mild they don't even notice do you
think that that would be helpful at all.

00:55:56
There are

00:55:57
a few epidemiologic investigations that are
very much one of them is to test people

00:56:03
with what is known as flu like illness
or coded. Surveillance networks

00:56:10
for you can learn to like
illness in. More than

00:56:14
a 100 countries around the world and
those networks need to be in our being

00:56:19
a repro caged to track record of that
2nd. People who are severely ill with

00:56:27
hospitalization need to be tested for
code to see if they've got it and 3rd

00:56:34
we need to do special studies. That. Will.

00:56:40
Determine going to live how widely it's
betting whether they are in symptomatic

00:56:45
cases however we don't yet have

00:56:47
a blood test only test we have for
it. Through the merits of the

00:56:54
freeing Joe swab on that test is not 100
percent accurate there are false negatives

00:57:01
so we need to look very carefully to see
what happens here Dr Frieden we're almost

00:57:07
out of time is there anything specific
that you want to tell our audience about

00:57:11
a couple to make this is

00:57:13
a severe damage and it's frightening but
it's important to remember that most

00:57:19
people who get will do well each 90 percent
of those infected have mild moderate no

00:57:25
symptoms. There will be far too many people
who have severe illness and tragically

00:57:31
too many will die from it and although
the commune of buyers and Democrats

00:57:36
certainly get worse before it gets better
it will get better and even in the worst

00:57:42
of the 10 Demick many people and no one
knows what proportion will get infected and

00:57:47
those who do get infected $99.00 out of
$100.00 would recover so it's responsible

00:57:52
to make Porton to be proactive now and
limit the Hardings of could one team but

00:57:57
it's also good to keep in mind too well
Paul Dr Frieden I want to thank you so very

00:58:03
much for taking time out of your busy
schedule to talk with us and share your

00:58:07
wonderful insights into this pandemic.
Thank you very much. And I'm afraid

00:58:14
that's all the time we have for this science
addition of Press Conference USA My

00:58:19
guest was Dr Thomas Frieden
m.d. President and c.e.o.

00:58:24
Of resolve to save lives and initiative
that has been established to prevent

00:58:28
epidemics and cardiovascular disease he
was also the director of the Centers for

00:58:33
Disease Control and Prevention and
commissioner of the New York City Health

00:58:37
Department I'd like to thank my colleague
and co-host for this program v.o.a.

00:58:42
Health reporter Carole Pearson the science
edition of Press Conference USA was

00:58:47
produced in Washington our studio technician
today was eminent I'm recompence Alayo

00:58:53
thanking you once again for listening
and for understanding our programming

00:58:57
limitations due to the coronavirus time to
you our dear listeners please take care

00:59:04
stay safe and stay healthy and please
join Carol Castillo again next week for

00:59:09
another press conference USA
on The Voice of America.

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