The General Accounting Office studied employer-sponsored retirement savings plans provided for under section 401(k) of the Internal Revenue Code. Nearly 5,000 employers were surveyed in 1987 to determine (1) the incidence of 401(k) plans and their relationship to other types of retirement plans; (2) the variation in plan provisions and experiences across firms; (3) the extent to which plans benefit employees at various salary levels; and (4) anticipated effects of the Tax Reform Act of 1986 on...
Topics: ERIC Archive, Employer Attitudes, Employment Practices, Personnel Policy, Retirement Benefits
At the 1970 National Association of Educational Broadcasters convention, a minority affairs report showed that, although minorities constituted nearly 10 percent of public broadcasting employees, there was almost no minority representation at the management and professional levels. Recent statistics show little change in those employment practices. Programs should be initiated to train minority group members to assume future open positions that are projected in a 10-year industry needs study....
Topics: ERIC Archive, Employment Practices, Equal Opportunities (Jobs), Minority Groups, Public Television,...
For those working and studying in American colleges and universities, collective bargaining has become an institutional reality. This bibliography represents the second in a series of publications that expand coverage of retrospective and current references to other-than-faculty personnel in higher education. Included among the citations are books, journal and newsletter articles, material from the "Government Employee Relations Report,""Labor Relations Reference...
Topics: ERIC Archive, Arbitration, Bibliographies, Collective Bargaining, Employment Practices, Higher...
Miss Barbara A. Ringer, Assistant Register of Copyrights, Library of Congress, filed a formal complaint of discrimination on September 2, 1971. She charged that the rejection of her application for the position of Register of Copyrights in the Library of Congress was the result of discrimination for reasons of sex and race. An analysis of the complaint filed including all documents, exhibits, recordings, the investigation report, and the hearing transcript provide a preponderence of evidence to...
Topics: ERIC Archive, Employment Practices, Government Libraries, Librarians, National Libraries, Racial...
This document contains 4 charts and 15 tables describing the pension coverage of workers and the income of retirees in the United States as of 1984. Data were gathered through the fourth wave topical module to the 1984 panel of the Survey of Income and Program Participation, conducted from September through December of 1984. The prevalence of pension coverage among different segments of the population, the reliance on employee-directed retirement plans, and differences in the level of economic...
Topics: ERIC Archive, Adults, Employment Practices, Income, Older Adults, Personnel Policy, Retirement,...
The document presents the text of a proposed addition (Part 15b) to the rules and regulations of the United States Department of Agriculture, designed to eliminate discrimination on the basis of handicap in any of its programs or activities. Intended to implement Section 504 of the Rehabilitation Act of 1973, Part 15b is subdivided into six sections: general provisions; employment practices; program accessibility; preschool, elementary, and secondary education; postsecondary education; and...
Topics: ERIC Archive, ERIC, Disabilities, Employment Practices, Equal Opportunities (Jobs), Federal...
This progress report of the Advisory Council on Women's Opportunities at the University of Pittsburgh discusses: (1) the history of the Council, and (2) the operating procedures, including some of the major problems encountered both within the Council and from outside the group itself. Its major aim has been to conduct a study on the position of women in 4 major areas of the University: faculty, students, administration, and non-faculty employees. The report also lists some of the other studies...
Topics: ERIC Archive, Employment Practices, Females, Graduate Students, Higher Education, Salaries, Social...
The rights discussed in this guide pertain to those guaranteed by federal legislation affecting women seeking jobs, working on the job, and retiring from employment. The section entitled "Getting the Job" contains explanations of services provided by: (1) the U.S. Employment Service; (2) the federal-state partnership established by the National Apprenticeship Act; (3) the employment and training program sponsored by the Job Training Partnership Act (JTPA); and (4) vocational education...
Topics: ERIC Archive, Adults, Employed Women, Employment Practices, Equal Opportunities (Jobs), Retirement...
This is a report of the analysis and recommendations of the Commission on Human Rights in the City of New York, based upon public hearings held January 25-29, 1971. The Commission's investigation of the current personnel practices of the New York City school system yields one inescapable conclusion--that change is urgently demanded. The essential issue raised by the hearings was whether the system that now prevails can be further modified to meet the divergent needs of all the individual...
Topics: ERIC Archive, Employment Patterns, Employment Practices, Teacher Recruitment, Teacher Selection,...
At the request of Congress, the General Accounting Office (GAO) conducted a study of drug testing of employees by employers. To identify and obtain the most recent surveys on drug testing policies and practices in the private sector, the GAO searched 14 computerized bibliographic files and discussed information needs with representatives of 35 public and private organizations knowledgeable about drug testing practices. From this search, 10 usable surveys were found and analyzed. The survey data...
Topics: ERIC Archive, Adults, Drug Use, Employees, Employer Attitudes, Employer Employee Relationship,...
This study examined the effect of higher and lower self-acceptance on the ratings of three candidate types: "traditional" woman, "feminist" and sex-unspecified. The subjects were 81 Counseling Center Directors, Associate Directors, and Assistant Directors. Self acceptance was measured by the Phillips self-acceptance scale. Candidates were rated on six variables; each was a five-point Likert type scale. The results of 2 x 3 analyses of variance disclosed that subjects with...
Topics: ERIC Archive, Employment Practices, Females, Guidance Centers, Research Projects, Self Esteem, Sex...
An update on academic freedom cases and complaints made to the American Association of University Professors (AAUP) is presented. AAUP responded to 1,222 academic freedom cases in 1986, an increase of 20% in the number of cases handled in the 2 preceding years. Two institutions were added to AAUP's list of censured administrations: Clark College (Georgia), and Talledega College (Alabama). In addition, three institutions were removed from the list: Troy State University (Alabama), censured 1969,...
Topics: ERIC Archive, Academic Freedom, College Administration, College Faculty, Employment Practices,...
A common mistake made by job seekers is to discuss salary before receiving a job offer. This paper offers two basic rules for discussing compensation: (1) Do not mention salary in an interview if the employer does not broach the subject; and (2) when negotiating a pay rate, never give the first figure. Although a job's salary is usually paramount in the prospective employee's mind, employers want to know what the interviewee can do for the company, not what the company can do for the applicant....
Topics: ERIC Archive, Employment Interviews, Employment Practices, Job Applicants, Job Search Methods,...
The conference on sex discrimination in employment practices was held at the University of California at Los Angeles in cooperation with the Women's Bureau of the Department of Labor. Speeches included: (1) "New Legislation--New Action" by Rosalind K. Loring and William Foster, (2) "Compliance Policies and Procedures for Business and Industry" by Elizabeth J. Kuck, (3) "Federal Contract Compliance and Affirmative Action Programs" by Vincent MaCaluso, (4)...
Topics: ERIC Archive, Bibliographies, Conference Reports, Employment Practices, Equal Opportunities (Jobs),...
At the request of Congress, the General Accounting Office studied drug testing in the private sector to determine its extent, which testing methods are most often used, who receives drug testing and why, the reasons for having a drug testing program, and what happens to those persons who test positive. Data were obtained from 10 surveys to which a large number of corporations from a broad cross-section of the nation's private sector had responded. Some of the findings of the analysis were as...
Topics: ERIC Archive, Drug Abuse, Drug Use, Employees, Employer Attitudes, Employer Employee Relationship,...
Managers must evaluate the performance, promotability and potential of workers with very different personal characteristics such as age, sex, or race. The research literature indicates that these personal characteristics affect decisions. Furthermore, these characteristics appear to be more salient and to affect decisions in some situations more than in others. Two possible explanations for this phenomenon closely parallel Wernimont and Campbell's (1968) distinction between signs and samples as...
Topics: ERIC Archive, Administrator Attitudes, Employer Employee Relationship, Employment Practices,...
In this study, research and related literature were reviewed to determine major administrative problem areas in the employment of teacher aides and to develop guidelines for administration of teacher aide programs related to each of the problem areas identified. Then, with a random sampling of those Missouri school districts reporting the use of teacher aides in 1968-69, questionnaires and interviews were utilized to determine the agreement or disagreement between developed guideline areas and...
Topics: ERIC Archive, Administrator Attitudes, Employment Practices, Employment Problems, Guidelines, Staff...
This paper evaluates the competitiveness of Ashland University (Ohio) faculty salaries and the degree of compression present in those salaries.. Based on the results of an academic year 1992-1993 evaluation of competitiveness and compression, a program was designed and implemented to increase salary levels of Ashland University faculty and at the same time reduced the degree of compression. This paper examines 1999-2000 academic year salary levels with respect to competitiveness and degree of...
Topics: ERIC Archive, College Faculty, Comparable Worth, Competition, Employment Practices, Higher...
This publication presents a model employment contract intended to assist school administrators in developing or modifying appropriate contract language to protect the status of school principals and assistant principals. Although the model was developed specifically for secondary school administrators, it would be equally appropriate for elementary administrators. Separate sections of the model contract deal with salary provisions, administrative responsibilities, job termination by mutual...
Topics: ERIC Archive, Administrators, Assistant Principals, Contracts, Educational Administration,...
By providing more accurate and complete data, a personal exit interview is superior to an exit questionnaire; however, separation interviews in the field of education are not common. To optimize the benefits of an exit interview for both the district and the departing employee, a formal, oral interview should be scheduled within the last 4 weeks of employment. Key areas to cover in this meeting include (1) the reason for separation; (2) the positive aspects of the job; (3) the employees'...
Topics: ERIC Archive, Elementary Secondary Education, Employment Practices, Personnel Management, Personnel...
Help with the complex legal and ethical issues related to affirmative action programs is provided by several American Library Association (ALA) groups and agencies. Conference activities are sponsored by the Public Library Association, various minority caucuses, task forces of the Social Responsibilities Round Table, and committees of the Library Administration Division Personnel Administration Section. The most helpful source of information and advice is the ALA Office for Library Personnel...
Topics: ERIC Archive, Affirmative Action, Employment Practices, Libraries, Library Associations, Personnel...
Prompted by a report of the American Society of Newspaper Editors (ASNE), which noted a correlation between regional minority population and newsroom employment, a study investigated the hiring patterns of 24 small and medium-sized California dailies. California was chosen because it has one of the highest non-white populations in the nation (about 25% of the state's 26 million). Newspaper editors, publishers, and personnel officers were asked about the number and percentages of non-whites...
Topics: ERIC Archive, Employment Practices, Journalism, Minority Groups, News Reporting, Newspapers,...
This study provides the prospective teacher with information concerning the expectations of hiring officials and the practices and policies commonly used in the teacher employment process. A mail survey was sent to officials in 208 districts in Kansas, Missouri, Iowa, and Nebraska. The survey instrument consisted of a checklist and a section made up of open ended questions. Of the 208 questionnaires sent out, 168, or 81 percent, were returned. The survey determined a) a consensus of opinion of...
Topics: ERIC Archive, Administrator Attitudes, Employment Interviews, Employment Practices, Teacher...
Retirement policies and possible effects on teacher shortages were examined. Information was obtained concerning: a 5-year summary of faculty retirements by age, the age distribution of each institution's full-time faculty by academic area, and changes over the past 5 years in personnel policies and procedures in response to anticipated faculty shortages or as part of an ongoing management system. A total of 12 to 20 institutions provided data on faculty retirement ages and age distributions...
Topics: ERIC Archive, Age, College Faculty, Employment Practices, Higher Education, Intellectual...
This document summarizes a needs assessment study of Montana businesses conducted in 1988 to provide direction for future planning and development in the state's vocational programs. The document begins by giving a rationale for the study and describing the mailed survey instrument used. (Sixty-six usable instruments were returned from a sample of 350, for a rate of 19 percent). Then the document reports the results of the survey's questions regarding the following: (1) whether work experience...
Topics: ERIC Archive, Educational Demand, Educational Supply, Employer Attitudes, Employment Practices,...
Analysis of data obtained from supplemental questions to the January 1991 Current Population Survey and comparison with answers to similar questions from a 1983 survey resulted in a picture of how workers received training to obtain and to retain their jobs. Some of the finding were as follows: (1) 57 percent of all workers employed in January 1991 reported they needed specific training to qualify for their current jobs; (2) 41 percent had taken training to improve current job skills; (3)...
Topics: ERIC Archive, Corporate Education, Employer Employee Relationship, Employment Practices, Job...
This position paper from the Conference on College Composition and Communication offers guidelines for faculty embarking on careers in the field of composition and rhetoric. The paper addresses the following: terms of employment; conditions of employment; issues of reappointment, promotion, and permanent status; and issues of professionalism and collegiality. (NKA)
Topics: ERIC Archive, College Faculty, Employment Practices, Higher Education, Position Papers, Rhetoric,...
This report presents the position of the American Association of University Professors (AAUP) on academic and professional appointments at colleges and universities and the protection of professional appointees who are not faculty members. Faculty members and other professional appointees share similar and overlapping commitments and thus participate in a community of interest relative to such issues as academic freedom, academic governance, affirmative action, academic due process, and...
Topics: ERIC Archive, Affirmative Action, College Faculty, Due Process, Employment Practices, Equal...
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Topics: United States. Committee on Fair Employment Practice -- History, Illinois. Fair Employment...
Highlighted in this document are the statistical findings of a survey of minorities employed in federal agencies as of 1969, and a summary of program changes which have resulted since 1967. Findings from the survey include: (1) minority groups as a whole comprise 19.2 percent of the full time federal civilian work force in the United States, (2) approximately 36 percent of all minority group employees are under the General Schedule or a similar pay system, (3) the minority group employees are...
Topics: ERIC Archive, Employment, Employment Patterns, Employment Practices, Employment Statistics, Federal...
Alternative work schedules can help parents of young children. They are also attractive to students, older workers, handicapped persons, couples desiring to share work and home responsibilities, persons wishing to upgrade skills or switch careers through a return to school, and employers needing to serve the public outside the traditional workday, wanting to use their capital more intensively, or hoping to benefit by reducing absenteeism. Flexitime is an alternative work-time pattern that...
Topics: ERIC Archive, Adults, Employed Parents, Employed Women, Employment Practices, Flexible Working...
Methods and procedures provided by 1,614 collective bargaining agreements to accommodate handicapped workers in New York State are described. Handicapped veteran clauses are considered; also considered are the prevalence and content of handicapped worker clauses, including transfers provided for in general terms, transfers subject to seniority provision, transfers without regard to seniority, preference for filling light work jobs, and adjustments in wages on present jobs. Appendixes present...
Topics: ERIC Archive, Disabilities, Employment Patterns, Employment Practices, Labor Conditions, Laborers,...
This document contains an inventory of innovative human resource management (HRM) practices in federal departments and major independent agencies. To develop the inventory, the General Accounting Office (GAO) surveyed 71 federal organizations having 5,000 or more employees. The GAO used a questionnaire that asked agency officials to identify their HRM practices and to indicate those they considered innovative. The GAO also visited sites, reviewed agency documentation of selected practices, and...
Topics: ERIC Archive, Employment Practices, Federal Government, Human Resources, Improvement, Innovation,...
This guide provides information on Title I of the Americans with Disabilities Act (ADA) in a question-and-answer format for employees. The guide covers such topics as the following: which employers must comply; what employment practices and activities are covered; who is protected against employment discrimination; definitions of a person with a disability, a job's "essential functions," a "reasonable accommodation," and "undue hardship"; modification of existing...
Topics: ERIC Archive, Adult Education, Adults, Age Discrimination, Disabilities, Disability Discrimination,...
This report documents findings of a survey of attitudes of business toward vocational education in South Dakota. Chapter I discusses the purpose of the study. Chapter II describes the procedures followed in collecting data from employers. It documents all steps from questionnaire design to data entering and concludes with a presentation of response rates. (Completed responses were received from 347 small businesses, 319 large businesses, and 54 public sector employers.) Chapter III presents...
Topics: ERIC Archive, Employer Attitudes, Employment Patterns, Employment Practices, Postsecondary...
Businesses in South Dakota were surveyed to gauge employers' perceptions of vocational education, to determine the extent of private sector interaction with vocational education, and to document employers' experiences with vocationally trained and nonvocationally trained employees. The statistically valid random sample consisted of 347 small businesses, 319 large businesses, and 54 public sector employers. The major finding was that vocational education programs and graduates have solid...
Topics: ERIC Archive, Employer Attitudes, Employment Patterns, Employment Practices, Postsecondary...
A study was conducted to provide a scientific database about the prevalence, dynamics, and effectiveness of pay-for-knowledge plans. (Pay-for-knowledge is an innovative compensation system that bases salaries, not on particular job classifications, but rather on the repertoire of skills that an employee possesses.) A four-pronged research design was developed: (1) an extensive literature review; (2) interviews of a national probability sample of 154 corporate personnel officers; (3) a mail...
Topics: ERIC Archive, Compensation (Remuneration), Employer Employee Relationship, Employment Patterns,...
A result of the United States Commission on Civil Rights consultation on the concept of equal pay for work of comparable value, this publication presents all papers submitted by participants. The papers are: "The Earnings Gap in Historical Perspective" (Claudia Goldin); "Occupational Segregation and the Earnings Gap" (Andrea H. Beller); "Women in the Economy: Perspectives on Gender Inequality" (Solomon William Polachek); "Explanations of Job Segregation and...
Topics: ERIC Archive, Civil Rights, Employment Practices, Equal Opportunities (Jobs), Females, Laws, Males,...
An Employment and Housing Subcommittee hearing on home-based work focused on typically female clerical workers. The following women were found to face obstacles to conventional 9-to-5 jobs: women needing child care, displaced homemakers who lack job training and experience, rural women, disabled women, and older women who encounter job discrimination. Advantages to home-based employment included absence of transportation time and costs, saving on clothes, and flexibility of controlling one's...
Topics: ERIC Archive, Career Education, Clerical Workers, Day Care, Employed Women, Employment Patterns,...
This document contains testimony from a congressional hearing to explore the latest developments in corporate policies affecting older workers. Testimony includes statements and prepared statements from individuals representing United States corporations, such as Mutual of Omaha Companies; The Aerospace Corporation; ACS America, Inc.; Grumman Corporation; McDonald's Corporation; Ward Howell International, Inc.; and Wm. Wrigley Jr. Company. Other witnesses represent the Institute for Policy and...
Topics: ERIC Archive, Adult Education, Aging (Individuals), Business, Employment Practices, Hearings, Older...
This document presents a description of guidelines for the employment of auxiliaries or teacher aides. Among the areas discussed are tha following: (a) suggested methods for recruiting potential teacher aides; (b) the qualifications needed for the position; (c) hiring procedures (recommended are an initial interview, trial participatory experience in classrooms at different grade levels, an evaluative conference for the candidate and the hiring personnel, and a final conference of school...
Topics: ERIC Archive, Differentiated Staffs, Employment Interviews, Employment Practices, Employment...
This document has four major objectives: (1) to synthesize and summarize the relevant literature on the employment of paraprofessionals; (2) to present the insights and impressions gained from experiences in a limited field investigation; (3) to relate both the literature and the field investigation to a conceptual framework; and (4) to discuss the knowledge gained from the literature and the field experiences for its operational implications for managers and decision makers in the social...
Topics: ERIC Archive, Employment Practices, Field Studies, Literature Reviews, Models, Nonprofessional...
In 1978 a study was initiated to determine the use and importance of foreign language proficiency in Pennsylvania businesses. Two hundred eighty-four respondents represented the commercial, health, and municipal domains. Positive responses (indicating employment of personnel skilled in languages other than English) were received from 41% of businesses, 60% of health care facilities, and 79% of municipalities, thus from 43% of total respondents. The survey revealed the following trends: (1) 85%...
Topics: ERIC Archive, Business, City Government, Employment Practices, Health Services, Language...
This information paper provides employers, policymakers, and the general public with examples of innivative personnel policies and practices designed by private sector employers to increase employment opportunities for older workers. Part 1 is an introduction and overview. It defines the problems of the older worker and describes the National Older Worker Information System (NOWIS), the data source for this paper. It then examines the specifics of the types of programs developed by the private...
Topics: ERIC Archive, Aging (Individuals), Case Studies, Employment Opportunities, Employment Practices,...
This guide aims to help organization leaders develop the tools and knowledge they need to create and use sound human resources management (HRM) systems and practices that support program success and sustainability. It identifies key components of HRM systems and discusses important considerations in designing HRM policies, procedures, and protocols. It provides tips and advice on how to hire, develop, and retain staff and reduce the time spent dealing with personnel issues by implementing...
Topics: ERIC Archive, Youth Programs, Human Resources, Personnel Management, Recordkeeping, Employer...
This collection includes 11 articles on labor conditions in the Soviet Union prepared in the Division of Foreign Labor Conditions since 1969. The articles, most of which appeared in the division's monthly publication, "Labor Developments Abroad" and in the "Monthly Labor Review," include: (1) "The Fifteenth Congress of the Soviet Trade Unions," (2) "Economic and Labor Data for 1971," (3) "Trade Union Functions Extended," (4) "The Party...
Topics: ERIC Archive, Employed Women, Employment Practices, Foreign Countries, Government (Administrative...
This report presents the findings of an investigation and audit of certain aspects of the operations of the United States Commission on Civil Rights commissioned by the Committee on the Judiciary, Subcommittee on Civil and Constitutional Rights. First, each allegation made against the Commission is briefly outlined and then findings are discussed in greater detail in attachments to the report. Lack of complete records hampered the audit. The aspects studied were: (1) employment trends in the...
Topics: ERIC Archive, Administration, Affirmative Action, Employment Practices, Federal Government, Federal...
This SPEC Kit and Flyer focus on the extent to which Association of Research Libraries (ARL) libraries engage in formal or organized customer service programs. Seventy-five out of the 121 member libraries responded to the customer service program survey (61%). The SPEC Flyer discusses results in terms of customer service program characteristics, training, data-gathering, and benefits. In addition to representative documents, the SPEC Kit contains a list of responding institutions, the survey...
Topics: ERIC Archive, Employment Practices, Information Services, Library Administration, Library Services,...
This document records the oral and written testimony of witnesses who testified at a hearing on a proposed amendment to the Federal Workforce Restructuring Act of 1993. The amendment would spell out how the federal work force is to be reduced in size and would provide cash incentives for early retirement as well as make retraining of existing workers more feasible. Witnesses included Senators Glenn, Roth, Stevens, Sasser, Pryor, and Akaka, as well as several officials of the Office of...
Topics: ERIC Archive, Early Retirement, Employment Practices, Federal Government, Federal Legislation,...
A questionnaire on faculty work load was sent to the presidents of 57 colleges selected at random except for 3 factors: universities and colleges of the City University of NY were not included; the emphasis was on private institutions; colleges selected were primarily in the south, east and midwest. Of the 39 or 68.4% replies, 35 were from private institutions having a mean enrollment of 2405 and a mean of 229 full-time faculty members. Questions were asked regarding: the number of credit hours...
Topics: ERIC Archive, Employment Practices, Faculty, Higher Education, Noninstructional Responsibility,...
