A STUDY OF THE PROBLEMS OF REHABILITATION AND MODERNIZATION OF AN OLD SCHOOL BUILDING IS REPORTED. THE INFLUENCES ON THE DESIGN INCLUDING THE SITE, EDUCATIONAL SPECIFICATIONS, SCHOOL DISTRICT POLICY, LEGAL RESTRICTIONS AND THE EXISTING FACILITY ARE DISCUSSED. ANALYSES OF SPACE AND COSTS ARE PRESENTED. THE QUESTION OF THE INVESTMENT OF THE SCHOOL DOLLAR IN MODERNIZATION OF AN OLD BUILDING OR REPLACEMENT WITH A NEW FACILITY IS POSED FOR THE SCHOOL DISTRICT OFFICIALS. SKETCHES AND MODELS OF...
Topics: ERIC Archive, Architecture, Building Design, Design, Facility Improvement, Innovation
Conversion of a University of Oregon bowling center into a computer laboratory by the college union is discussed. Located in a renovated former bowling center, the Erb Memorial Union Computer Lounge is a self-supporting campus computer laboratory. User fees are charged for on-site computer rentals, laser printing, color plotting, and typesetting services. To achieve the goal to provide state-of-the-art computer rentals for students, faculty, and staff, a local area network has been used to...
Topics: ERIC Archive, Budgets, Building Conversion, Facility Improvement, Higher Education, Laboratories
A STUDY OF AN OLD SCHOOL BUILDING AND ITS NEIGHBORHOOD IS REPORTED, INCLUDING A DESCRIPTION OF EACH. A DESCRIPTION OF PITTSBURGH MASTER PLANS FOR ACHIEVING EDUCATIONAL EXCELLENCE AND RACIAL AND CULTURAL INTEGRATION INTRODUCES THE PAPER. URBAN DESIGN SOLUTIONS FOR THE NEIGHBORHOOD INCLUDE DISCUSSIONS OF NEW HOUSING, TRAFFIC CIRCULATION, PARKING PROVISIONS, LANDSCAPING, AND DEVELOPMENTAL PHASING. SCHOOL DESIGN SOLUTIONS WERE LIMITED BECAUSE OF DISTRICT POLICIES ON COST OF FACILITY MODERNIZATION...
Topics: ERIC Archive, Architecture, Building Design, Design, Elementary Schools, Facility Improvement,...
The Americans with Disabilities Act (ADA) 1990 includes a provision requiring that new construction and alterations to existing facilities comply with the ADA Standards for Accessible Design. This report explains 23 common accessibility errors or omissions that the Department of Justice has identified during the course of its enforcement efforts. Each error/omission addresses the specific point of failure, the probable result of the error, and the ADA requirement that has been violated. Also,...
Topics: ERIC Archive, Building Design, Facility Guidelines, Facility Improvement, Facility Requirements,...
An internship report cites ways in which the National 4-H Center could be more effective in a visual sense. The author suggests collecting the memorabilia already at the Center to form an historical museum and coordinating the historical items with present items. Impact areas, those with a lot of traffic, are discussed individually in terms of orientation materials (maps or floor plans) equipment needs (mirrors, signs, coat rack), and display or exhibit areas. Some areas should serve as a form...
Topics: ERIC Archive, Art Expression, Facilities, Facility Improvement, Visual Environment, Youth Clubs
This manual addresses court design and planning; the construction process; court surface selection; accessories and amenities; indoor tennis court design and renovation; care and maintenance tips; and court repair, reconstruction, and renovation. General and membership information is provided on the U.S. Tennis Court and Track Builders Association and the U.S. Tennis Association, along with lists of certified tennis court builders and award winning tennis courts from past years. Numerous design...
Topics: ERIC Archive, Construction (Process), Facility Guidelines, Facility Improvement, Facility Planning,...
COLLEGE PARKING FACILITIES SHOULD (1) PERMIT FREE MOVEMENT OF VEHICLES, (2) ACCOMMODATE PEAK HOUR TRAFFIC DEMANDS, INCLUDING PROVISION OF RESERVOIR SPACE AT ENTRANCES AND EXITS, (3) BE ADEQUATELY MARKED AND POSTED, (4) BE DESIGNED TO ALLOW INTERNAL MOVEMENT, EASE AND SAFETY OF ACCESS, ADEQUATE MANEUVERING AREAS, AND GENERAL CONVENIENCE, AND (5) BE ADEQUATE FOR FACULTY AND STAFF, VISITOR, AND STUDENT NEEDS. A COMMITTEE AT MACOMB COUNTY COMMUNITY COLLEGE STUDIED THE PARKING FACILITIES IN TERMS OF...
Topics: ERIC Archive, Facility Expansion, Facility Improvement, Parking Facilities, Space Utilization, Two...
When planning an office renovation, a manager should design an office layout that is efficient and should consider the psychological aspects of office design, including sound level, color harmony, and lighting. The manager must also have a good understanding of all phases of the project plan and the timing involved. There are basically five phases to any renovation project: the program development phase; the interior planning and conceptual design phase; the design development phase; the...
Topics: ERIC Archive, Design Requirements, Facility Improvement, Facility Planning, Interior Design,...
The purpose of this study is to examine the function of the Dallas Central Library during the next two decades as well as its facility needs, and to explore available options for satisfying those needs, recommending the most advantageous. It is recommended that the resource and Service Centers should be located on different sites. This would allow them to be constructed at staggered times, using the vacated portions of the existing building in the interim. (Author)
Topics: ERIC Archive, Facility Case Studies, Facility Improvement, Library Facilities, Library Planning,...
This guidebook assesses the feasibility and potential impact a specialized lending program might have on the capital needs of community-based child and family services. It explains the need for quality facilities and how physical space can affect child care quality and the program's impact. Also described are the problems associated with capital loans for these services. The paper examines how facilities loan funds directly improve access to credit and how they can have broader indirect impact...
Topics: ERIC Archive, Community Programs, Credit (Finance), Early Childhood Education, Facility...
This booklet is a directory of sources of technical assistance on problems relating to physical facilities for arts organizations. Wherever possible, agencies and organizations are described in their own words. Technical assistance in the area of physical facilities encompasses planning, financing, acquiring, renovating, designing, and maintaining space. Limiting it to the arts means the space in which the art activity takes place. Technical assistance can be in the form of information, printed...
Topics: ERIC Archive, Art Activities, Arts Centers, Consultants, Directories, Facilities, Facility...
These remarks by William Bradford Reynolds, Assistant Attorney General of the Justice Department's Civil Rights Division under the Reagan Administration, cover the Department's position on providing improved correctional services for adult offenders. Reynolds cites P.L. 96-247, the Civil Rights of Institutionalized Persons Act, as an important legal basis for implementing the Department's correctional activities. Reynolds asserts that, before the Department can act on complaints involving...
Topics: ERIC Archive, Civil Rights, Correctional Institutions, Facility Improvement, Federal Legislation,...
The Capital Construction Budget Recommendations and Prioritization 2005-2007 Biennium provides the Coordinating Commission for Postsecondary Education's funding and priority recommendations on capital construction budget requests from the Nebraska State Colleges, the University of Nebraska, and the Nebraska College of Technical Agriculture at Curtis. This document contains the following sections: (1) Introduction and Statewide Facilities Funding Issues; (2) Existing Capital Construction Funding...
Topics: ERIC Archive, State Colleges, Statewide Planning, Budgets, Resource Allocation, Educational...
This buyers guide provides information on needs assessment, buying options, and decision making tips when acquiring a new school athletic track. Among the topics covered are developing a budget, choosing a site selection, choosing a track surface, developing working specifications, and selecting a contractor. Also explored is the question of hiring a consultant to assist in planning, building, or renovating a track facility. A sample track layout is included. Lists of information sources,...
Topics: ERIC Archive, Construction Materials, Facility Guidelines, Facility Improvement, Facility Planning,...
This paper examines two themes pertaining to children of incarcerated parents in Norway. The first is the visiting room of a Norwegian prison. The paper briefly describes conditions in and provides photographs of the children's corner of the visiting room at Norway's Oslo Fengsel Prison. The corner was established in 1998 with toys and fresh paint to facilitate children's visits with their fathers, but recent visits revealed a lack of care by prison officials for the area. The second is...
Topics: ERIC Archive, Correctional Institutions, Facility Improvement, Fathers, Foreign Countries, Parent...
The problem of old and obsolete school facilities is acute, particularly in large cities. A maintenance or rehabilitation oriented approach is not a realistic answer to continued facility usage. Guidelines show that if the cost of modernization for an additional life of 20 to 30 years approaches 50 percent of the estimated cost of replacement, project practicability should be questioned. Several examples of realistic modernization programs are shown in which emphasis is placed on new functions...
Topics: ERIC Archive, Building Innovation, Building Obsolescence, Construction Costs, Facility Improvement,...
Moisture problems are identified as an important element in home energy conservation programs. A systematic approach to understanding, recognizing, solving, and preventing moisture-related problems is offered in this four-section report. Section I examines the root of moisture problems. Section II discusses symptoms and causes of excess moisture and basic solutions to the problem. Section III considers preventative and correction techniques (including vapor retarders, ventilation, drainage...
Topics: ERIC Archive, Climate Control, Energy, Energy Conservation, Facility Improvement, Federal Programs,...
After a brief discussion of when a school board should consider modernizing mechanical and electrical equipment the speaker explored the specifics of lighting, heating, and ventilation. Technical data on foot candles, types of light fixtures, and the importance of air conditioning in modern school buildings are presented. The presentation concludes with the recognition of the need for research on air conditioning in existing buildings. (GM)
Topics: ERIC Archive, Air Conditioning, Buildings, Electrical Systems, Equipment, Facility Improvement,...
This manual provides the steps in planning a post-occupancy evaluation of library facilities to determine how effective the designed environment is for users. Evaluating a building provides a feedback loop to the planning process and can help fine tune the building or help others. The first actions of the planners are to clarify the purpose; gain support and endorsement; determine limitations or constraints; and determine level of efforts. They should also learn where to look and to identify...
Topics: ERIC Archive, Evaluation, Evaluation Methods, Facility Guidelines, Facility Improvement, Facility...
Through a study of student housing trends, it was found that college students seem to prefer apartment living over dormitory living for several reasons. Thus, students are more and more moving off campuses to rent apartment dwellings that may be unsafe or substandard. Five higher education institutions (Syracuse University, Roberts Wesleyan College, Clarkson College, Rochester Institute of Technology, and University of Rochester) have, since 1965, built apartment dwellings for their students....
Topics: ERIC Archive, College Housing, College Students, Dormitories, Facility Improvement, Facility...
Title VI-A provides matching federal funds for the purchase of college and university laboratory and audiovisual equipment, closed-circuit television equipment and classroom materials related to the improvement of undergraduate education. This report presents case studies of 12 institutions which obtained Title VI-A funds in the past 4 years. The projects selected represent a cross-section of all types of projects funded, different types of institutional control, lengths of undergraduate...
Topics: ERIC Archive, Educational Equipment, Electronic Equipment, Facility Improvement, Federal Aid,...
Energy-efficient retrofits are suggested as alternatives to conventional weatherization practices in this three-chapter report. Chapter 1 provides information necessary to help readers decide if a major energy retrofit is the right approach to a particular housing situation. Chapter 2 examines various aspects of retrofit designing, considering both interior and exterior features. Chapter 3 compares the various wall, roof, and floor retrofit strategies by cost and insulative value per square...
Topics: ERIC Archive, Climate Control, Energy Conservation, Facility Improvement, Heating, Housing Needs,...
This report presents evaluations of proposed federal legislation to provide financial support for the restoration and preservation of historic buildings on the campuses of historically black colleges and universities (HBCUs). The legislation enables money already appropriated to be spent on projects at HCBUs. First, the text of modifications to the bill, H.R. 2921, is presented. Next, a brief overview looks at the bill's aims, background of the legislation, and the need for it. A detailed...
Topics: ERIC Archive, Black Colleges, Educational Facilities, Facility Improvement, Federal Aid, Federal...
This report to Congress presents results of a survey of the 103 historically black colleges and universities (HBCUs) concerning the number of historic properties located at HBCUs and the estimated cost to restore and preserve these properties. About half of the schools responded to the survey. Results indicated that: (1) respondents identified 712 historic properties owned by the schools, of which half were already on the National Register of Historic Places; (2) 66 percent of the historic...
Topics: ERIC Archive, Black Colleges, Buildings, Costs, Educational Facilities, Facility Improvement,...
The recent experiences of North Carolina State University and Wake Forest University in the planning and construction of campus buildings are described as illustrations of the planning of space to meet the goals and needs of the institution in the future. At North Carolina State University, 780 additional acres were received from the state, and a formal planning process was undertaken, involving the use of a consultant and an architectural firm to develop a proposal for a research campus. At...
Topics: ERIC Archive, Campus Planning, College Planning, Construction (Process), Facility Expansion,...
A mathematical model is developed for the expansion of facilities at different campuses of the University of California for a given sequence of enrollment forecasts. Based on total projected enrollments for the University system, the model computes a minimum total cost expansion program, i.e., the stages at which to expand existing campuses or to build new ones, and the enrollments that should be allocated to those campuses. It is formulated as a network-flow problem in which nonzero flows on...
Topics: ERIC Archive, Educational Needs, Enrollment Trends, Facility Expansion, Facility Improvement,...
This paper presents air quality and ventilation data from an existing chemical laboratory facility and discusses the work practice changes implemented in response to deficiencies in ventilation. General methods for improving air quality in existing laboratories are presented and investigation techniques for characterizing air quality are described. The paper also reviews major design considerations for good indoor air quality in new laboratories; two recently designed projects are used as...
Topics: ERIC Archive, Equipment, Facility Improvement, Indoor Air Pollution, Laboratories, Occupational...
This document presents fiscal year 2002 budget recommendations for Illinois higher education operations, grants, and capital improvements. For operations and grants, state general funds of $2,654.5 million are recommended, an increase of $143.8 million. New funds are targeted to address the six goals of the Illinois Commitment: Partnerships, Opportunities, and Excellence, with particular focus on strengthening the quality of academic programs, improving the competitiveness of faculty and staff...
Topics: ERIC Archive, Access to Education, Capital Outlay (for Fixed Assets), Educational Finance, Facility...
A set of monographs, descriptive of various aspects of the State University of New York Building Project. Graphics, photographs of models and text, including materials specifications, are designed to inform participating parties--the State University Construction Fund, the State University, the design professions, the construction industry, and the public. (FPO)
Topics: ERIC Archive, Building Design, College Buildings, Communications, Construction Costs, Facility...
This publication is a homeowner's guide to energy conserving home improvements. This second edition is the same as the earlier version except that the energy conservation cost and saving estimates are based on more current fuel prices. The reader is led through steps to assess the energy conservation needs of a home and then through how to effect the improvements. The major emphasis in this guide is on insulation and other weatherization measures that are simple and effective. (MR)
Topics: ERIC Archive, Air Conditioning, Climate Control, Cost Effectiveness, Energy, Energy Conservation,...
This document chronicles the evolution of the Norwalk (Ohio) Public Library (established in 1866) from a small collection in an upper room in the Old Mansion Block building to a Carnegie facility which has been renovated to meet today's needs, including accessibility to the handicapped. Funding for the first reading room was provided by the Alert Club, an organization supporting Civil War Soldiers. Highlights of the report include the story of Norwalk's successful pursuit of a Carnegie grant in...
Topics: ERIC Archive, Facility Improvement, Library Development, Library Directors, Library Funding,...
The intent of this document is to provide technical guidance to school district facility managers for linking specific incremental seismic retrofit opportunities to specific maintenance and capital improvement projects. The linkages are based on logical affinities, such as technical fit, location of the work within the building, cost saving opportunities, and scheduling benefits. The key tool to be used to make these linkages is a series of matrices that represent a number of categories of...
Topics: ERIC Archive, Earthquakes, Elementary Secondary Education, Evaluation Methods, Facilities...
A STUDY REGARDING THE INSTALLATION OF CARPET IN SCHOOLS IS DISCUSSED. THE PURPOSE OF THE STUDY WAS TO HAVE A CONSULTANT REVIEW UNDER THE DIRECTION OF THE DISTRICT BUILDING AND GROUNDS SERVICES ADMINISTRATOR OF THE LOS ANGELES CITY SCHOOL DISTRICTS, THE SOFT FLOOR COVERING INSTALLATIONS AT ARAGON AVENUE AND TWENTY-FOURTH STREET SCHOOLS. SECTIONS INCLUDE--(1) CARPET EXPERIENCE IN THE LOS ANGELES CITY SCHOOL DISTRICT WITH A SUMMARY OF REACTIONS TO TEST INSTALLATIONS, (2) RELATIVE DEVELOPMENT OF...
Topics: ERIC Archive, Acoustical Environment, Carpeting, Costs, Evaluation, Facility Case Studies, Facility...
THIS NEWSLETTER COMPARES THE ADVANTAGES AND DISADVANTAGES OF SCHOOL RENOVATION AND NEW SCHOOL CONSTRUCTION WITH RESPECT TO EVOLVING EDUCATIONAL NEEDS AND METHODS. THE NEED TO UTILIZE EXISTING STRUCTURES THROUGH RENOVATION AND MODERNIZATION IS EMPHASIZED AND A FORMULA IS PROVIDED FOR COMPARING RENOVATION AND NEW SCHOOL CONSTRUCTION COSTS. PROBLEMS AND CONSIDERATIONS ARE GIVEN FOR MODERNIZATION. EXAMPLES ARE GIVEN OF SUCCESSFUL RENOVATION PROJECTS INCLUDING GYMNASIUMS, AUDITORIUMS, AND...
Topics: ERIC Archive, Building Innovation, Construction Costs, Controlled Environment, Design Requirements,...
The growth in California's student population currently exceeds the peak years of the baby boom generation by more than one million students. This increase, combined with deferred maintenance, has created a strain on the state's educational facilities. An analysis of this predicament is presented in this bulletin. It describes why California needs more school buildings and offers some statistics on the steady increases in enrollment. The state's new initiative to reduce class sizes has also...
Topics: ERIC Archive, Educational Facilities, Educational Facilities Planning, Educational Supply,...
This 1965 report summarizes briefly the purposes, functions, and projects of the Research Council of the Great Cities Program for School Improvement. Described are the initial projects in which vocational education, gray areas, fiscal policy, and teacher education were studied. New areas of involvement include instructional materials development, rehabilitation of school facilities, and federal programs. (NH)
Topics: ERIC Archive, Educational Finance, Educational Improvement, Facility Improvement, Federal Programs,...
This report of the Committee on Resources recommends House of Representatives approval of (H.R. 1179), the Historically Black Colleges and Universities Historic Building Restoration and Preservation Act, as amended, to ensure the preservation of buildings eligible for funding under the Historic Preservation Act on the campuses of historically black colleges and universities. A total of $29 million is authorized, of which $22.9 million is earmarked in various amounts for grants to the following...
Topics: ERIC Archive, Black Colleges, College Buildings, Educational Facilities, Facility Improvement,...
This pamphlet presents energy conservation tips to help consumers save money. Conservation measures suggested here cover topics such as: (1) insulation; (2) space heating and cooling; (3) hot water heating; (4) cooking; (5) laundry; (6) lighting; (7) electrical appliances; (8) buying or building a home; and (9) buying, maintaining and driving a car. A heating zone map of the United States and tables giving the recommended insultation needs for these zones are also given. (MR)
Topics: ERIC Archive, Air Conditioning, Consumer Education, Costs, Electrical Appliances, Energy...
This pamphlet presents simple suggestions for energy conservation. Sections include: (1) In and around the home; (2) Using the family car; and (3) In the marketplace. The suggestions given are mostly common sense tips like dressing appropriately for either hot or cold weather, use electrical appliances and lights sparingly and at off-peak times, set the thermostat down in the winter and up in the summer, carpool, drive slowly, and vacation closer to home. (MR)
Topics: ERIC Archive, Climate Control, Electrical Appliances, Energy Conservation, Facility Improvement,...
In the first section of this review the author describes the purpose of vocational education facilities, gives his own definition of the term, and discusses assumptions and guidelines for the evaluation of such a facility. The second section outlines the roles and responsibilities of those who should be involved in evaluation of facilities. The determination of educational needs as part of evaluation for facilities and evaluation of facilities form the third and fourth sections. Legal and...
Topics: ERIC Archive, Educational Facilities, Evaluation, Facility Guidelines, Facility Improvement,...
This handbook on energy cost reduction for automotive service facilities consists of four sections. The importance and economic benefits of energy conservation are discussed in the first section. In the second section six energy cost reduction measures are discussed: relamping interior areas; relamping and reducing interior lighting; setting back heating temperatures; repairing cracks and holes in doors, windows, and walls; improving the combustion efficiency of oil burners; and repairing leaks...
Topics: ERIC Archive, Auto Mechanics, Consumer Education, Cost Effectiveness, Energy Conservation,...
This report analyzes some of the data from documentation submitted by the individual states for federal financial assistance through the Library Services and Construction Act to meet public library construction needs between 1965 and 1978. The impact of the LSCA library construction program is described in terms of the cutting of costs, the population affected, and the numbers and types of projects funded. The main goals of construction--increased space, seating capacity, and book volume...
Topics: ERIC Archive, Construction Programs, Costs, Facility Improvement, Federal Aid, Federal Legislation,...
The objective of the Saving Schoolhouse Energy Program was to generate information that school administrators and federal energy/education decision makers could use to identify ways of implementing specific, economical remedies to reduce energy waste in schools. This program was designed to have five phases: (1) Conduct an energy audit of ten "typical" elementary schools in various locations to identify energy conservation opportunities with an attractive payback period; (2) Design...
Topics: ERIC Archive, Cost Effectiveness, Elementary Secondary Education, Energy Conservation, Facility...
Building managers and owners often confront competing demands to reduce operating costs and increase revenues that can siphon funds and resources from other building management concerns such as indoor air quality (IAQ). This resource booklet, designed for use with the "Building Air Quality Guide," provides building owners and managers with an 8-step, easy-to-understand path for taking their building from current conditions and practices to the successful institutionalization of good...
Topics: ERIC Archive, Building Operation, Data Collection, Documentation, Facility Improvement, Guidelines,...
The following topics are given consideration in the conference reports--(1) goals for early childhood education, (2) programs for early childhood education, (3) the educator's role in the planning process, (4) environment for learning, (5) what the architect needs to know to plan kindergarten facilities, (6) the planning process, (7) the parent-child educational center, (8) conversion and modernization of facilities, (9) financial resources for development of early childhood educational...
Topics: ERIC Archive, Building Conversion, Early Childhood Education, Educational Facilities Design,...
With regard to the general statutes of North Carolina which require the approval of plans for new school buildings, this booklet outlines the procedures to be followed by local boards of education in securing a certificate of approval from the Division of School Planning of the State Department of Public Instruction for each school building project. This is interpreted to include new schools, additions to existing schools, and major renovations. Included is an outline of the procedures to be...
Topics: ERIC Archive, Building Conversion, Construction Programs, Educational Facilities Improvement,...
Three brochures offer guidelines on preventing lead poisoning in children, lowering lead blood levels in children, and safely removing leaded paint from homes. The brochure on prevention of lead poisoning explains sources of lead, how lead affects a child, the importance of screening a child for lead poisoning, and ways to protect a child from lead. The brochure on intervention explains the sources of lead and provides more detailed information about ways to reduce a child's exposure to lead....
Topics: ERIC Archive, Children, Facility Improvement, Housing, Intervention, Lead Poisoning, Mental...
This study provides an overview of the status of jails and inmate populations in Texas in order to identify and solve existing problems. Analysis of the distribution of inmates among the 325 jails indicates that Texas has too many local jails for its total inmate population. Most of the jails lack adequate medical, recreational, or educational facilities. Recommendations are included to regionalize misdemeanant corrections, with emphasis on inspection standards and legal considerations. A...
Topics: ERIC Archive, Administrative Problems, Budgeting, Correctional Institutions, Facility Improvement,...
The "Capital Construction Budget Recommendations and Prioritization 2003-2005 Biennium" provides priority and funding recommendations for capital construction budget requests at the Nebraska State Colleges, the University of Nebraska and the Nebraska College of Technical Agriculture at Curtis. The Coordinating Commission for Postsecondary Education has identified building maintenance and facility renovation as areas needing attention for the coming biennium. The three funding areas...
Topics: ERIC Archive, ERIC, State Colleges, Statewide Planning, Budgets, Resource Allocation, Educational...
CHOICES AND ISSUES IN SELECTING MATERIALS FOR MODERNIZATION OF SCHOOL BUILDINGS ARE DISCUSSED IN THIS REPORT. BACKGROUND INFORMATION IS INTRODUCED IN TERMS OF REASONS FOR ABANDONMENT, THE CAUSES AND EFFECTS OF SCHOOL BUILDING OBSOLESCENCE, AND PROBLEMS IN THE MODERNIZATION PROCESS. INTERIOR PARTITIONS ARE DISCUSSED IN TERMS OF BUILDING MATERIALS, SURFACE TREATMENT, AND CONSTRUCTION COSTS. CRITERIA FOR FLOORING INCLUDE MATERIALS AND MAINTENANCE AND FUNCTIONAL PROPERTIES OF MATERIALS. CEILINGS...
Topics: ERIC Archive, Acoustical Environment, Building Obsolescence, Ceilings, Construction Materials,...
