A study examined the general structure of children's information books and their use of language. A corpus of over 110 information books was examined for (1) obligatory elements of the genre, (2) optional elements, (3) iterative or repeating elements, (4) elements with fixed orders of occurrence in relation to other elements, and (5) elements with an optional or variable order of occurrence in relation to other elements. The analysis identified six global elements: topic presentation,...
Topics: ERIC Archive, Books, Childrens Literature, Comparative Analysis, Content Analysis, Literary...
"Genre" has become the keyword in a movement to create a more dynamic, dialectical, contextual conception of "dispositio," of structure as a factor in psychological and social processes of writing. A dynamic conception of genre as social process in symbolic action can be reached by combining Kenneth Burke's technique of "prophesying after the event" with a key principle from Michel Foucault's "archeology" and Marilyn Cooper's metaphor of composition as an...
Topics: ERIC Archive, Audience Awareness, Foreign Countries, Higher Education, Literary Genres, Writing...
This bibliography lists poetry, fiction, and drama written by Arab, Iranian, and Turkish women of the twentieth century, some originally written in English and the others in English translation. The first section of the bibliography lists the 67 sources (collections and journals) that were consulted. The second part of the bibliography lists 888 works by various authors. Citations are entered alphabetically by author. (RS)
Topics: ERIC Archive, Authors, Drama, Females, Fiction, Foreign Countries, Literary Genres, Middle Eastern...
A sophomore-level course surveying world literature through the seventeenth century emphasizes the theme of heroes and heroic codes using western classics and the "Tale of Genji," a fictional account of an idealized Japanese courtier and gentleman written in the tenth century AD by the court lady Murasaki Shikubu, and often considered to be the world's first novel. In the "hero" Genji, students find a hero who is not only different from the classic occidental figure, but in...
Topics: ERIC Archive, Higher Education, Literary Criticism, Literary Genres, Literary Styles, Literature...
Recently, genre studies have become increasingly important in the area of rhetorical criticism. This method of analysis is based on the assumption that rhetorics vary situationally, like situations will produce like rhetorics, antecedent rhetorical events significantly affect the creative product, and analogy is more important than anomaly when assessing the relationship between two or more rhetorics. Subject areas most suited to the genre method are those in which seemingly separate rhetorical...
Topics: ERIC Archive, Analytical Criticism, Higher Education, Historical Criticism, Literary Criticism,...
This pamphlet describes 20 teaching ideas to incorporate poetry into the elementary school classroom. Topics included in this pamphlet are: (1) how to encourage a love of poetry; (2) how to introduce poetry to your class; (3) poetry and the senses; (4) poetry and the imagination; (5) poetry and the emotional experience; and (6) poetry and form. The pamphlet emphasizes that the poem should stand on its own merit and that these activities should not become gimmicky. The pamphlet argues that much...
Topics: ERIC Archive, Class Activities, Elementary Education, Elementary School Curriculum, Foreign...
One of the main concerns when teaching a foreign language is how to encourage students to read and become interested in its literature. This article presents detective fiction as a pedagogical tool that provides the key elements to make it appealing for young readers. In this way, the mystery, the action and the suspense in the story; the figure of the detective; or the fact that the end of the story is always morally acceptable turn this literary genre in a magnificent reading to practise the...
Topics: ERIC Archive, Fiction, Second Language Instruction, Literary Genres, Novels, Reading, Discussion...
An upper school English program has been experimenting with ways to reinforce its traditional literary curriculum with contemporary works. Three contemporary novels in particular (Naylor's "The Women of Brewster Place," Walker's "The Color Purple," and Miller's "A Canticle for Leibowitz") have been found to foster a sense of continuity with the enduring works which populate the classical, British, and American traditions. The contemporary fiction is incorporated...
Topics: ERIC Archive, Contemporary Literature, English Curriculum, High Schools, Literary Criticism,...
The author provides 79 short maxims on the nature of contemporary education. An aphorism is defined as a short pithy statement of truth as perceived by the author. As an introduction, 12 characteristics of aphorisms, a short historical survey of aphorisms, and examples by well-known writers are provided. Aphorisms, usually brief, may use words interestingly, may capture penetrating perceptions in a down-to-earth manner, and are often biographical inspirational, cynical, depressing, upsetting,...
Topics: ERIC Archive, Abstract Reasoning, Educational Philosophy, Educational Principles, Educational...
This book is a collection of articles originally printed in "English Journal," the secondary section membership journal of the National Council of Teachers of English. The articles selected for the book tap a rich vein of multicultural literature, including works by African Americans, Native Americans, women, and authors from outside North America and Europe. The selections span many genres, including young adult novels, popular fiction, science fiction, and classical fiction. Each...
Topics: ERIC Archive, Class Activities, Classroom Techniques, Cultural Context, English Instruction,...
"Following the Curve of the Sentence: Notes From a Reader's Diary" is comprised of excerpts from the author's Reader's Diary, using experimental writing practices that can be modeled and used by English teachers in classrooms. The Reader's Diary is a subgenre of autobiography, memoir and poetic prose essay, a flexible, hybrid form of inquiry. The author uses collagist techniques of intergeneric writings, moving back and forth between fragments of memory and more recent reflections,...
Topics: ERIC Archive, Literary Genres, Autobiographies, Gender Issues, Sentences, English Teachers, Reader...
Monsters have haunted the literary imagination from earliest times (e.g., the Cyclops, Grendel, etc.), but a particular interest in horror and the Gothic form dates back to the 18th and early 19th centuries. Taking their name from the Gothic architecture that often served as a backdrop to the action, these novels present supernatural events in naturalistic terms, thrilling readers with strange tales filled with mystery and terror. The learning objectives of this lesson plan are: to explore the...
Topics: ERIC Archive, English Literature, High Schools, Language Arts, Lesson Plans, Literary Genres,...
Because playwrights are limited to textual elements that an audience can hear and see--dialogue and movement--much of a drama's tension and interest lie in the subtext, the characters' emotions and motives implied but not directly expressed by the text itself. The teacher must help students construct what in a novel the author may have made more overt. Other factors also complicate a reader's response to drama. Dramatic texts are actually pretexts to performance, closer relatives to musical...
Topics: ERIC Archive, Classroom Techniques, Drama, High Schools, Higher Education, Instructional...
Analysis of different types of literature promotes cognitive development by giving students an opportunity to apply similar skills and strategies discussed in one genre--fiction, for example--to other genres like poetry, reports, descriptive pieces, and plays. The major intellectual function that each literary genre provides can be examined in terms of schema theory. In schools where writing is used as a means to promote clear thinking, it appears that reading a variety of literary genres has a...
Topics: ERIC Archive, Adolescent Literature, Childrens Literature, Elementary Secondary Education, Folk...
The roots of ecology prolong profoundly within earlier phases of history, when the naturalistic fabric was first evinced. Bringing out his "On the Origin of Species" in 1859, Darwin not merely engendered a biological culmination but also heralded the revolutionary critical canon of naturalism that was virtually a stone thrown in the vast stagnant lake of traditional literature. Via the naturalistic lens, the whole bulk of man's behavioral attributes are being expounded in terms of...
Topics: ERIC Archive, Novels, Ecology, Physical Environment, Foreign Policy, History, Political Attitudes,...
As the best writer of short stories in Canada, Alice Munro has consistently produced work in which precise social observation and penetrating psychological insight are expressed exactly with remarkable narrative strategies. Though my thesis is informed by my reading of Munro's published books, this study does not attempt to analyze the whole stock of her literary work. I concentrate on my discussion on one of her stylistic narrative techniques--metaphor in "Lives of Girls and Women,"...
Topics: ERIC Archive, Figurative Language, Literary Styles, Literature Appreciation, Literary Devices,...
The popular romance novel overlaps other genres in that it shares characteristics of mysteries, thrillers, erotica, adventure, etc.; however, it can be differentiated from those genres by the fact that the central story is not the mystery or adventure but rather the romance between the hero and heroine. The Romance Writers of America organization agrees that the central love story in romance "concerns two people falling in love and struggling to make the relationship work." The...
Topics: ERIC Archive, Audience Awareness, Community Colleges, Ideology, Instructional Materials, Literary...
This article describes the author's first encounter with Carolyn Miller's "Genre as Social Action," and how the article opened the genre scholarship in rhetoric and communication, and led the author to integrate previous knowledge of linguistics and composition studies with communication studies and rhetoric more generally. Miller's article provided a theoretical conception of genre itself, rather than ever-shifting traits of particular genres, which explained why genre would matter...
Topics: ERIC Archive, Social Action, Educational Practices, Literary Genres, Reader Response, Rhetoric,...
The majority of college English departments in America identify and categorize their writing courses by genre. Because of this, writing instruction as a field represents teaching interests and results in written products that are diverse enough to suggest that departments should hire writing specialists who have equally diverse credentials in the different genres of specialized writing fields, such as technical writing, creative writing, and business writing. The result of such specialization...
Topics: ERIC Archive, College English, Course Content, Discourse Modes, English Curriculum, Higher...
Goldmann's genetic structuralism approach is one of the literary critique approaches and believes that the literary text are derived from the ideology governing the classes of society, and focuses on study of stories and their structures to know the social structures. A review of the changes made in the themes and subjects of the works of the Iranian story writers that most of them are from the middle class of society, indicates the growth of awareness and understanding of Iranian women about...
Topics: ERIC Archive, Literary Genres, Literary Styles, Literary Criticism, Females, Authors, Social Class,...
Subjects such as death, divorce, and homosexuality appeared in few children's books two decades ago, but today children may be given a steady diet of books on different issues every time in their lives that something happens, such as the first day of school, the birth of a new sibling, or the death of a pet. Heather Quarles' award-winning novel "A Door Near Here" presents reality so sharply focused that it becomes overwhelming to the reader. In addition to the reality of plots, the...
Topics: ERIC Archive, Childrens Literature, Elementary Education, Fantasy, Literary Genres, Novels, Reading...
The existence of children's literature as a genre has, to a large extent, depended on its function as a force of social manipulation, rather than on any concern with literary value. The need to consider children's literature in the light of developments in literary theory that emphasize the importance of the semiotics of the text, and in particular, the way in which language controls the reader's response, can bring to light the processes in the literature of childhood that form the adult...
Topics: ERIC Archive, Case Studies, Childhood Needs, Childrens Literature, Interviews, Literary Criticism,...
This paper explores the relationship between epideictic and argument, noting that the relationship is a "troublesome" one. The first part moves toward new definitions of epideictic and argument (taking the view that epideictic rises out of human play) and locates argument on the boundary where the play-world meets the "real" or "everyday." The second part offers an essay of Cicero as a rhetorician who successfully negotiates between the play-worlds of epideictic...
Topics: ERIC Archive, Concept Formation, Definitions, Higher Education, Literary Genres, Persuasive...
The four articles in this issue deal with the teaching of literature. In "Why I Teach Literature," James Inglis suggests that the teaching of literature through the concept of a tripartite dialogue (teacher, students, writer) is necessary for understanding the living and creative aspects of literature. John O'Neill, in "Why I Teach Poetry," discusses his belief that poetry is the most valuable literary form for helping students to develop language arts skills, to widen their...
Topics: ERIC Archive, Drama, English Instruction, Fiction, Higher Education, Literary Genres, Literary...
This paper describes a one-semester high school course which introduces students to well-written contemporary novels in which the main character is an adolescent. Eight novels are read, and five of these are the core of the course: "The Catcher in the Rye,""A Separate Peace,""The Temple of Gold,""The Man Without a Face," and "Night." The students discuss these books in terms of various literary concepts such as plot, conflict, setting, tone,...
Topics: ERIC Archive, Adolescent Literature, Adolescents, Course Content, Course Descriptions, Course...
The use of music in the literature or writing classroom has been attacked for various reasons, including a "mystification" of music which portrays it as ineffable and abstract. Surprisingly, however, three common arguments for using songs in English classes actually help to maintain the same "mystifying" distinction between music and visual representations of it; namely, that: (1) songs constitute a long literary tradition; (2) the musical settings of songs empower students...
Topics: ERIC Archive, Class Activities, Discourse Modes, Higher Education, Literary Genres, Literature...
The purpose of this study is to systemically analyze the types of teachers that appear in works of literature, and to explore the various teacher identities that are depicted. The data consists of 44 works of literature representing a wide variety of genres, settings, cultures, and historical periods. They include 20 adult novels, 6 young adult novels, 6 children's books, 5 plays, 4 memoirs, and 3 short stories. The original publication dates range from 1598 to 2010, while the settings include...
Topics: ERIC Archive, Teachers, Literary Devices, Identification, Novels, Literature, Childrens Literature,...
The research orientations and perspectives of people participating in the international dialogue about the redefinition of English language studies have been varied. Two broad and overlapping areas are distinctive to English studies: the exploration of human values and experience through the study of literature and the media, and the development of the capacity to explore values and experience through learning to create literary and media pieces of one's own. A commitment to both is a...
Topics: ERIC Archive, Elementary Secondary Education, English Curriculum, English Instruction, Language...
This study delves into investigating Kafka's "A Hunger Artist" and Rumi's "A Man of Baghdad," in which they have a dramatized sense of dissatisfaction, its causes and consequences in a symbolic manner. In fact, it has utilized the story of Rumi that its main character is in a condition similar to the main character in Kafka's story. In both stories the main characters somehow are imprisoned in their ideals, and what distinguishes between these two stories is the different...
Topics: ERIC Archive, Satisfaction, Comparative Analysis, Literary Genres, Medieval Literature, Twentieth...
A study analyzed successful translated children's books in terms of common characteristics, patterns and trends. Data were obtained and analyzed in terms of original languages, genres, subjects, formats, illustrators, authors, publishers, and translators. Plans are to replicate this study in the future, but questions to be addressed at this juncture include: What languages are represented in the identified translated children's books? What are the genres of these books? What concentrations of...
Topics: ERIC Archive, Childrens Literature, Cross Cultural Studies, Literary Genres, Publishing Industry,...
This study presents the third of four reports of the 1970-71 National Assessment of Literature. The educational attainments of nine-year-olds, thirteen-year-olds, seventeen-year-olds, and adults (ages 26-35) were surveyed according to their ability to recognize literary works and characters. Five types of exercises were used: (1) an illustration of a well-known nursery rhyme, story, or poem; (2) parodies of famous poems; (3) allusions to some literary work or character; (4) a disguised myth or...
Topics: ERIC Archive, Adolescents, Adults, Children, English, Evaluation, Literary Criticism, Literary...
Today children's literature and its place have attracted in the collection of literature, according to many writers the world. Making fun of the text by writer is best way to communicate with the Children and Adolescents. Travel writing is considered as an interdisciplinary literature combined by literature, history, geography and sociology. It is written both in verse and prose. Writing Travel writing is well-established in adults' literature. Although several Travels writing have been written...
Topics: ERIC Archive, Foreign Countries, Travel, Writing (Composition), Childrens Literature, Adolescent...
Certain forms of literature present special comprehension difficulties for readers at all levels. Each of the genres--poetry, drama, the short story, the essay, biography, and the novel--presents special problems and difficulties to some of its readers who would find their reading more enjoyable and profitable if they understood the ways to surmount the barriers of form. Examples of some of these special problems for each form are presented and discussed briefly in this paper. (TO)
Topics: ERIC Archive, Content Area Reading, English Curriculum, Literary Genres, Literature Appreciation,...
As a technique of social control intimately associated with the display and control of power, humor reflects empowerment. Contemporary women have few traditions of using power, and a variety of covert factors have discouraged women's use of humor. The most significant of these is the way that the popular mind has defined humor as a male prerogative. Humor can only be achieved through use of symbolic and linguistic codes. Society has not fully recognized how jealously men guard the use of these...
Topics: ERIC Archive, Comedy, Cultural Influences, Cultural Traits, Females, Feminism, Humor, Literary...
This theme issue of "Research and Creative Activity" features 10 articles on Indiana University faculty members whose work on various campuses continues to broaden and advance knowledge about "Scriptures of the World" and their meaning in human life. The articles are as follows: "Why Scriptures of the World Still Matter (William Jackson); Reading and Interpretation Bring the Bible to Life" (Judi Hetrick); "Religion as a Window on Culture" (Jayne Spencer);...
Topics: ERIC Archive, Biblical Literature, Christianity, Cultural Context, Islam, Judaism, Literary Genres,...
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Topics: Consolation, French letters -- History and criticism, 17.86 literary genres, theory of genre,...
In the area of male sex roles, the mystery novel is far ahead of society in general and thus presents the academic with a wealth of new male role models that demand inclusion in the postmodern canon. For a class at Jacksonville University ("Contemporary Detective Fiction") the classical male detective of "The Big Sleep" or "The Maltese Falcon" is first presented to students. The classical American detective character is rough, uncultured, even violent; he chain...
Topics: ERIC Archive, Higher Education, Homosexuality, Literary Criticism, Literary Genres, Literature...
Cover art has long been used as a marketing device for books, particularly with books aimed at young adults (YAs) aged 12 to 18. An examination of some of the teen thrillers published by novelist Lois Duncan since the 1970s yields several discoveries about changes in cover art that come with various editions. Many covers have been resigned to capitalize on the current teenage taste for blood, gore, and nasty stuff even if the cover implies more terror than actually exists in the story. Current...
Topics: ERIC Archive, Adolescent Literature, Adolescents, Commercial Art, Consumer Economics, Literary...
As a poet and language educator, I invite and encourage writers to take risks in their writing, to engage innovatively with a wide range of genres, to push boundaries in order to explore creatively how language and discourse are never ossified, but always organic; how language use is integrally and inextricably connected to knowledge, identity, subjectivity, and being in the world. I invite writers, whether English is a first language or an additional language, to know themselves in poetry, to...
Topics: ERIC Archive, Epistemology, Poetry, Alphabets, Language Teachers, Writing (Composition), Literary...
This paper examines classroom techniques for stimulating students' critical faculties in viewing commercial television. The thrust is not only to increase critical viewing judgments, but also to heighten their knowledge of the literary elements of television. Television literacy may be developed by attention to the artistry of the television production elements that create the images. The commercial television elements of genre conventions, format and programming conventions, and video...
Topics: ERIC Archive, Classroom Techniques, Commercial Television, Critical Thinking, Elementary Secondary...
The second semester of Freshman Composition at Troy State University focuses on writing about literature and writing a traditional research paper not necessarily based on literary research. One spring, the required reading was Shirley Ann Grau's novel, "The Keeper of the House." This novel, set in an unidentified Southern state, traces the history of a family from the early 1800s through the 1960s and deals with issues of racism, civil rights, and women's rights. This document...
Topics: ERIC Archive, Freshman Composition, Higher Education, Journal Writing, Literary Genres, Research...
This paper studies the generic move structure of the blurbs of Electronic Socio-romantic novels published in Pakistan. It explores the move schema, the number of moves and their order in different blurbs. It also observes the most focused and the most neglected move in these blurbs. 20 book blurbs have been collected from online source and the model presented by Valor (2005) has been adapted for their analysis. The results reveal that there have been total 6 moves and 12 steps in the blurbs of...
Topics: ERIC Archive, Foreign Countries, Novels, Electronic Publishing, Text Structure, Literary Genres,...
This study focuses on the use of computer in learning Malay literature. The objectives of the study were to identify and discuss the basic knowledge and views towards the Malay literature program by using the computer. The samples of the study consisted of 10 subjects who volunteered from Malay language class. They were nine-year-old male and female students. The study was carried out in one primary school in Malaysia. The subjects were given a task in the Malay language program, which...
Topics: ERIC Archive, Foreign Countries, Elementary School Students, Literature, Observation, Interviews,...
John Swales, well-known proponent and definer of genre theory, sees the writing process as recursive as well as heuristic, emphasizing that the text is created by a writer, who is a member of a discourse community, influenced by that community's traditions, discourse conventions, textual and topic requirements and constraints. Debate among genre theorists centers on whether conscious knowledge of a genre can help writers see more within a text and as a result help them write better. Experienced...
Topics: ERIC Archive, Case Studies, Discourse Communities, Graduate Students, Higher Education, Literary...
Scholars of Israeli children's literature have recently noticed an interesting socio-literary phenomenon: the emergence of an entirely new branch in Israeli children's literature, namely ultra-orthodox children's literature. The books belonging to this special category are easily distinguished from "regular" Israeli children's books by their typical subject content and titles as well as by the fact that their authors and publishers belong to an extremely religious sector. However,...
Topics: ERIC Archive, Authors, Childrens Literature, Content Analysis, Foreign Countries, Jews, Literary...
Two different approaches to the definition of literature (criterial and prototypical) are described, and some features of a prototypical literary work are outlined. The criterial approach attempts to provide criteria that must be met by all texts to be called literature. The prototype approach focuses on a particularly good example to which other examples bear resemblance. It is suggested that prototypical literary works are (1) written texts; (2) are marked by careful use of language,...
Topics: ERIC Archive, Definitions, Discourse Analysis, Language Patterns, Language Research, Language...
In Indonesian education context, recently the word "genre" seems to gain its most popular and hot issue to teaching and learning English, particularly writing skill. However, many of them the students, teachers, or university students, or even lecturers in universities apparently are not good at understanding and are not truly well informed about the genre itself. It could be said that the word "genre" is still a kind of mystery to uncover. This paper is an attempt to...
Topics: ERIC Archive, Foreign Countries, Literary Genres, Writing Instruction, Writing Skills, Writing...
The Common Core Standards call for students to be exposed to a much greater level of text complexity than has been the norm in schools for the past 40 years. Textbook publishers, teachers, and assessment developers are being asked to refocus materials and methods to ensure that students are challenged to read texts at steadily increasing complexity levels as they progress through school so that all students remain on track to achieve college and career readiness by the end of 12th grade....
Topics: ERIC Archive, Automation, Content Analysis, Difficulty Level, Readability Formulas, Literary...
Many scholars have examined the jeremiad in American rhetoric and political discourse. The Hanford Education Action League (HEAL), which influenced policy changes in the operations of the Hanford Nuclear Reservation in Washington, is a social movement organization whose founding members used the jeremiad to create a symbolic community which challenged established social order. The Hanford Reservation made the plutonium that produced the world's first atomic bomb and was operated without...
Topics: ERIC Archive, Community Involvement, Discourse Analysis, Discourse Communities, Higher Education,...
This paper argues that environmental destruction arises from a discourse rooted in Western Economic and Scientific Theory. This discourse artificially separates individuals from our natural world and argues that competition and utilitarian actions are beneficial to society. It is however, a discourse that is taking us to a Shakespearean tragic end: it is resulting in actions that actively harm our natural world, as all too familiar statistics of environmental damage make clear. It is a...
Topics: ERIC Archive, Environmental Education, Conservation (Environment), World Views, Tragedy, Comedy,...
