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Jun 1, 2011
06/11
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Vu, Bruce; Kandula, Ma
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This paper summarizes the acoustic testing and analysis activities at the Launch System Testbed (LST) of Kennedy Space Center (KSC). A major goal is to develop passive methods of mitigation of sound from rocket exhaust jets with ducted systems devoid of traditional water injection. Current testing efforts are concerned with the launch-induced vibroacoustic behavior of scaled exhaust jets. Numerical simulations are also developed to study the sound propagation from supersonic jets in free air...
Topics: SOLAR ACTIVITY EFFECTS, GALACTIC COSMIC RAYS, SOLAR WIND, SOLAR CYCLES, MODULATION, IONS
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PROFILES OF THE 14 FRENCH SATELLITES ARE TABULATED. THE LAUNCH VEHICLE, WEIGHT AND EFFECTIVE LIFE, MISSIONS AND NEW FEATURES, AND PRODUCTION SUPERVISION ARE PRESENTED FOR EACH SATELLITE.
Topics: FLUX (RATE), JUPITER (PLANET), SHOCK WAVES, SOLAR ACTIVITY EFFECTS, SOLAR WIND, DECAMETRIC WAVES,...
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May 31, 2011
05/11
by
Frank, Jeremy; Sanchez, Romeo; Do, Minh B
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One of the most recent techniques for propagating resource constraints in Constraint Based scheduling is Energy Constraint. This technique focuses in precedence based scheduling, where precedence relations are taken into account rather than the absolute position of activities. Although, this particular technique proved to be efficient on discrete unary resources, it provides only loose bounds for jobs using discrete multi-capacity resources. In this paper we show how mutual exclusion reasoning...
Topics: CLIMATE CHANGE, OSCILLATIONS, SOLAR RADIATION, SURFACE TEMPERATURE, SOLAR ACTIVITY EFFECTS,...
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268
May 27, 2011
05/11
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Yeung, P. K.; Zhou, Y
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Motivated by a recent survey of experimental data, we examine data on the Kolmogorov spectrum constant in numerical simulations of isotropic turbulence, using results both from previous studies and from new direct numerical simulations over a range of Reynolds numbers (up to 240 on the Taylor scale) at grid resolutions up to 512(exp 3). It is noted that in addition to k(exp -5/3) scaling, identification of a true inertial range requires spectral isotropy in the same wavenumber range. We found...
Topics: ROCKETS, PHOTOELECTRONS, SOLAR RADIATION, THERMOSPHERE, AIRGLOW, SOLAR ATMOSPHERE, SOLAR ACTIVITY...
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Jun 1, 2011
06/11
by
ONeil, Patrick D.; Tarry, Scott E
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The following collection of research summaries are submitted as fulfillment of a request from NASA LaRC to conduct research into existing enabling technologies that support the development of the Small Aircraft Transportation System aircraft and accompanying airspace management infrastructure. Due to time and fiscal constraints, the included studies focus primarily on visual systems and architecture, flight control design, instrumentation and display, flight deck design considerations,...
Topics: GEOMAGNETISM, OZONE DEPLETION, PROTON PRECIPITATION, MAGNETIC EFFECTS, SOLAR PROTONS, SOLAR...
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Jun 2, 2011
06/11
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Gupta, Mohan; Douglass, Anne; Kawa, S. Randy; Pawson, Steve
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We have investigated the importance of intercontinental transport using source-receptor relationship. A global radon-like and seven regional tracers were used in three-dimensional model simulations to quantify their contributions to column burdens and vertical profiles at world-wide receptors. Sensitivity of these contributions to meteorological input was examined using different years of meteorology in two atmospheric simulations. Results show that Asian emission influences tracer...
Topics: CORONAL MASS EJECTION, GALACTIC COSMIC RAYS, SOLAR ACTIVITY EFFECTS, SOLAR WIND, SOLAR CYCLES,...
The possibility that solar activity has discernible effects on terrestrial weather is considered. Research involving correlation of weather conditions with solar and geomagnetic activity is discussed.
Topics: NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS), SOLAR ACTIVITY EFFECTS, WEATHER FORECASTING, GEOMAGNETISM,...
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199
Jul 11, 2010
07/10
by
ZASLAVSKAYA, N. I.; KVASHA, L. G
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SILICATES AND CHROMITE IN THE RELATIVELY RARE MULTI-MINERAL INCLUSIONS OF THE SIKHOTE-ALIN OCTAHEDRITE ARE STUDIED. UNDER X-RAY DIFFRACTION ANALYSIS, SEPARATE SILICATE GRAINS FROM THE THREE INCLUSIONS FOUND WERE SHOWN TO BE MOSTLY PYROXENE AS WELL AS OLIVINE. TABLES ARE INCLUDED GIVING X-RAY DIFFRACTION DATA (POWDER PATTERNS) FOR THE SILICATES AND CHROMITE OF THE INCLUSIONS.
Topics: MAGNETOSPHERIC INSTABILITY, MORTALITY, SOLAR ACTIVITY EFFECTS, STATISTICAL CORRELATION, GEOMAGNETIC...
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380
May 31, 2011
05/11
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Feinberg, Arthur; Tauss, Jame
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Weather is a contributing factor in approximately 25-30 percent of general aviation accidents. The lack of timely, accurate and usable weather information to the general aviation pilot in the cockpit to enhance pilot situational awareness and improve pilot judgment remains a major impediment to improving aviation safety. NASA Glenn Research Center commissioned this 120 day weather datalink market survey to assess the technologies, infrastructure, products, and services of commercial avionics...
Topics: GEOMAGNETISM, SOLAR ACTIVITY EFFECTS, SOLAR CYCLES, SOLAR WIND, INTERPLANETARY MAGNETIC FIELDS,...
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388
May 31, 2011
05/11
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Ahn, C.; Ziemke, J. R.; Chandra, S.; Bhartia, P. K
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A recently developed technique called cloud slicing used for deriving upper tropospheric ozone from the Nimbus 7 Total Ozone Mapping Spectrometer (TOMS) instrument combined together with temperature-humidity and infrared radiometer (THIR) is no longer applicable to the Earth Probe TOMS (EPTOMS) because EPTOMS does not have an instrument to measure cloud top temperatures. For continuing monitoring of tropospheric ozone between 200-500hPa and testing the feasibility of this technique across...
Topics: CORONAL MASS EJECTION, INTERPLANETARY MEDIUM, SOLAR WIND, SOLAR PROMINENCES, PERIODIC VARIATIONS,...
The principal scientific aim of this project is to better understand the observed long-term temporal variations in the Sun's luminosity. Satellite observations have revealed that the flux of solar radiation striking the Earth is modulated by the solar magnetic cycle, being approximately 0.1 percent larger during solar maximum. The impact of this irradiance modulation on terrestrial climate is difficult to model. However, the correlation between the Maunder minimum (a period of low solar...
Topics: NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS), PHOTOMETRY, SOLAR ACTIVITY EFFECTS, TEMPORAL DISTRIBUTION,...
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257
May 29, 2011
05/11
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Betlem, Hans; Jenniskens, Peter; Spurny, Pavel; VanLeeuwen, Guus Docters; Miskotte, Koen; TerKuile, Casper R.; Zerubin, Peter; Angelos, Chri
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Photographic multi-station observations of 47 Leonid meteors are presented that were obtained from two ground locations in Spain during the 1999 meteor storm. We find an unresolved compact cluster of radiants at alpha = 153.67 /- 0.05 and delta = 21.70 /- 0.05 for a mean solar longitude of 235.282 (J2000). The position is identical to that of the November 17/18 outburst of 1998, which implies that both are due to comet 55P/Tempel-Tuttle's ejecta from 1899. We also find a halo which contains...
Topics: SPACE WEATHER, SPECTRA, ENERGETIC PARTICLES, SOLAR ACTIVITY EFFECTS, SOLAR PHYSICS, MAGNETIC...
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184
Jul 11, 2010
07/10
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BEREGOVOY, G. T.; KRYLOVA, N. V.; SOLOVYEVA, I. B.; SHIBANOV, G. P
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A THEORETICAL APPROACH TO THE EVALUATION OF A COSMONAUT'S PSYCHOLOGICAL RESERVES AND PSYCHOPHYSIOLOGICAL FUNCTIONING IN THE SPACE MAN-MACHINE SYSTEM IS OUTLINED. DUE TO THE GREATER INDEPENDENCE OF THE MAN-MACHINE SYSTEM IN SPACE, THE COSMONAUT MUST BE CAPABLE OF PERFORMING AS AN OBSERVER, OPERATOR, REPAIRMAN AND AS A WORKING RESERVE ON THE SPACECRAFT. THE IDEAL FUNCTION OF THE COSMONAUT IN THE LATTER THREE ROLES IS DESCRIBED IN TERMS OF FOUR BASIC STEPS USED IN HUMAN FACTORS ENGINEERING:...
Topics: RADIO SIGNALS, SOLAR FLARES, SUDDEN IONOSPHERIC DISTURBANCES, VERY LOW FREQUENCIES, OMEGA...
Global oscillations (r-modes) of the Sun's outer convective envelope with periods approximately 1 month and longer have been detected in several short data strings of several years duration. To test whether r-modes might persist beyond one 11 year cycle, the daily sunspot numbers from 1825 to the present were analyzed. Good evidence, but confidence level less than 3sigma, was found for most of the 14 r-modes with spherical harmonic index lambda less than or equal to 5 that can exist in the...
Topics: NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS), OSCILLATIONS, SUNSPOTS, SOLAR ACTIVITY EFFECTS, SOLAR...
Living With a Star is a NASA initiative employing the combination of dedicated spacecraft with targeted research and modeling efforts to improve what we know of solar effects of all kinds on the Earth and its surrounding space environment, with particular emphasis on those that have significant practical impacts on life and society. The highest priority among these concerns is the subject of this report: the potential effects of solar variability on regional and global climate, including the...
Topics: NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS), SOLAR TERRESTRIAL INTERACTIONS, NASA PROGRAMS, CLIMATOLOGY,...
The International Heliophysical Year (IHY) provided a successful model for the deployment of arrays of small scientific instruments in new and scientifically interesting geographic locations, and outreach. The new International Space Weather Initiative (ISWI) is designed to build on this momentum to promote the observation, understanding, and prediction space weather phenomena, and to communicate the scientific results to the public.
Topics: NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS), SPACE WEATHER, SOLAR ACTIVITY EFFECTS, SOLAR TERRESTRIAL...
Solar heating and cooling systems employ coatings to increase efficiency. Designers want a coating which absorbs solar heat to the maximum extent possible with minimal emittance of infrared radiation, which occurs when the collector plate gets hot. The coating is important because too much coating causes energy loss by emittance, too little reduces the collector's ability to absorb heat. NASA's Lewis Research Center, which conducts solar energy research, saw a need for a simple means of testing...
Topics: NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS), SOLAR COLLECTORS, SOLAR ACTIVITY EFFECTS, SOLAR ENERGY,...
Only processes in the troposphere and the lower stratosphere are reviewed. General aspects of global atmospheric electricity are summarized in Chapter 3 of NCR (1986); Volland (1984) has outlined the overall problems of atmospheric electrodynamics; and Roble and Hays (1982) published a summary of solar effects on the global circuit. The solar variability and its atmospheric effects (overview by Donelly et al, 1987) and the solar-planetary relationships (survey by James et al. 1983) are so...
Topics: NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS), ATMOSPHERIC ELECTRICITY, SOLAR ACTIVITY EFFECTS, SOLAR...
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170
May 31, 2011
05/11
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Nordeen, M. L.; Doelling, D. R.; Khaiyer, M. M.; Rapp, A. D.; Minnis, P.; Nguyen, L
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Satellite monitoring is used to supplement the paucity of surface data in the Tropical Western Pacific (TWP). By using satellite data, cloud properties and top-of-atmosphere broadband radiative fluxes can be derived and used for a variety of applications. In turn, these products may be used to develop a climatological base for the TWP. The focus of this study is to produce satellite-derived cloud properties over the TWP.
Topics: SOLAR CORONA, CORONAL MASS EJECTION, MAGNETOHYDRODYNAMICS, COMPUTERIZED SIMULATION, THREE...
The results of the ERTS/Nimbus satellite investigation of electron flux levels are presented. Flux calculations were made with the use of two electron environment models, both of which are static and describe the environment during the solar maximum conditions of October 1967. It is concluded that the construction of these models makes it possible to infer a change of the average quiet time electron flux levels as a function of the solar cycle.
Topics: NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS), ELECTRONS, LANDSAT SATELLITES, NIMBUS SATELLITES, SOLAR...
The solar wind structure is reviewed based on experimental space measurements acquired over approximately the last decade. The character of the interplanetary medium is considered from the viewpoint of the temporal behavior of the solar wind over increasingly longer time intervals, the average properties of the various solar wind parameters and their interrelationships. A brief discussion is included of interplanetary-terrestrial relationships and the expected effects of heliographic latitude...
Topics: NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS), SOLAR ACTIVITY EFFECTS, SOLAR WIND, INTERPLANETARY MEDIUM,...
The mechanism we wish to demonstrate exploits chemical, radiative, and dynamical sensitivities in the stratosphere to affect the climate of the troposphere. The sun, while its variability in total radiative output over the course of the solar cycle is on the order of 0.1%, exhibits variability in the UV output on the order of 5%. We expect to show that a substantially decreased solar UV output lessened the heating of the Earth's stratosphere during the Maunder Minimum, through decreased...
Topics: NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS), CLIMATE CHANGE, SOLAR ACTIVITY EFFECTS, TROPOSPHERE, SOLAR...
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127
May 22, 2011
05/11
by
Bandilla, Arn
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Recently Noh, Fourgeres and Mandel (NFM) have improved the operational approach to the quantum phase problem substantially and measured the phase dispersion of coherent light down to very small means photon numbers of the order of 10(exp -2). This has prompted many other investigations and clarified some important questions in relation to what is actually measured. Although their treatment is rather general, we confine ourselves here to the case of a strong local oscillator (LO) and reproduce...
Topics: CLIMATE, OZONE, OZONOSPHERE, TROPOSPHERE, UPPER ATMOSPHERE, CLIMATE CHANGE, SOLAR ACTIVITY, SOLAR...
The reported decline trend in global ozone between 1970 and 1986 may be in part an artifact of the analysis; the trend value appears to depend on the time interval selected for analysis--in relation to the 11-year solar cycle. If so, then the decline should diminish as one approaches solar maximum and includes data from 1987 to 1990. If the decline is real, its cause could be the result of natural and human factors other than just chlorofluorocarbons.
Topics: NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS), ATMOSPHERIC COMPOSITION, OZONE, OZONE DEPLETION, SOLAR...
The origin of the slow solar wind has long been one of the most important problems in solar/heliospheric physics. Two observational constraints make this problem especially challenging. First, the slow wind has the composition of the closed-field corona, unlike the fast wind that originates on open field lines. Second, the slow wind has substantial angular extent, of order 30 degrees, which is much larger than the widths observed for streamer stalks or the widths expected theoretically for a...
Topics: NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS), CURRENT SHEETS, HELIOSPHERE, SOLAR CORONA, SOLAR PHYSICS,...
The author has identified the following significant results. The design and fabrication of five radiant power measuring instruments (RPMI) for ERTS ground truth have been completed. These instruments will be deployed in concert with ERTS overflights to obtain radiometric measurements needed to determine solar and atmospheric parameters that effect ERTS radiance measurements. With these parameters, the accuracy and capability of various procedures for transforming ERTS data into absolute target...
Topics: NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS), CALIBRATING, IMAGERY, RADIOMETERS, REFLECTANCE, TARGETS,...
For nearly 30 years an often-times heated debate has engaged the substorm community: Do substorms begin with the formation of a new reconnection site in the midtail plasmasheet (the Near-Earth Neutral Line model) or do they begin near the transition region between stretched tail and dipolar field lines (the Current Disruption model). The THEMIS mission, with a coordinated suite of five in-situ spacecraft and ground observatories. has greatly extended our understanding of how substorms initiate...
Topics: NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS), MAGNETIC STORMS, SOLAR TERRESTRIAL INTERACTIONS, THEMIS...
Kilometric continuum (KC) is the high frequency component (approximately 100 kHz to approximately 800 kHz) of nonthermal continuum (NTC). Unlike the lower frequency portion of NTC (approximately 5 kHz to approximately 100 kHz) whose source is around the dawn sector, the source of KC occurs at all magnetic local times. The latitudinal beaming of KC as observed by GEOTAIL is, for most events, restricted to plus or minus 15 degrees magnetic latitude. KC has been observed during periods of both low...
Topics: NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS), CONTINUUMS, NONTHERMAL RADIATION, GEOMAGNETISM, KILOMETRIC...
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224
Jun 13, 2011
06/11
by
Kurkov, Anatole P
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Although noninterference optical instrumentation has been previously used to monitor and measure rotor blade vibrations, it has not been used at the NASA Glenn Research Center for the determination of damping. This article describes such a measurement in Glenn's Spin Rig facility. The optical system was chosen because installation of the slip rig for this particular configuration was not feasible, ruling out strain gauge instrumentation. The shaft in this facility was suspended with two radial...
Topics: ECONOMIC IMPACT, GALILEO SPACECRAFT, EXTRAVEHICULAR ACTIVITY, NAVIGATION SATELLITES, SUNSPOT CYCLE,...
The development of a theory of coupling of solar activity to meteorological phenomena is hindered by the difficulties of devising a mechanism that can modify the behavior of the troposphere while employing only a negligible amount of energy compared with the energy necessary to drive the normal meteorological system, and determining how such a mechanism can effectively couple some relevant magnetospheric process into the troposphere in such a way as to influence the weather. A clue to the...
Topics: NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS), METEOROLOGICAL PARAMETERS, SOLAR ACTIVITY, SOLAR ACTIVITY...
The goal of this project is to develop and distribute e-educational material for space science during times of solar activity that emphasizes underlying basic science principles of solar disturbances and their effects on Earth. This includes materials such as simulations, animations, group projects and other on-line materials to be used by students either in high school or at the introductory college level. The on-line delivery tool originally intended to be used is known as Interactive...
Topics: NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS), SOLAR ACTIVITY, MULTIMEDIA, EDUCATION, ON-LINE SYSTEMS, SOLAR...
This brief history is organized around the long problem of the solar M region, i.e. the structure on the sun that is responsible for recurrent geomagnetic disturbances.
Topics: NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS), GEOMAGNETISM, M REGION, MAGNETIC STORMS, SOLAR ACTIVITY...
Processes which occur within the region between approximately 2 solar radii and 25 solar radii, which is called the solar envelope and the effect on the solar wind as seen at 1 AU are discussed. In the envelope the wind speed becomes supersonic and super-Alfvenic, the magnetic energy density is larger than the flow energy density, and the magnetic energy density is much larger than the thermal energy density. Large azimuthal gradients in the bulk speed are expected in the envelope, but the...
Topics: NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS), SOLAR ACTIVITY EFFECTS, SOLAR RADIATION, SOLAR WIND, MAGNETIC...
We report the first observation near Earth of the time behavior of anomalous cosmic-ray N, O, and Ne ions through the period surrounding the maximum of the solar cycle. These observations were made by the Wind spacecraft during the 1995-2002 period spanning times from solar minimum through solar maximum. Comparison of anomalous and galactic cosmic rays provides a powerful tool for the study of the physics of solar modulation throughout the solar cycle.
Topics: NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS), SOLAR ACTIVITY EFFECTS, GALACTIC COSMIC RAYS, SOLAR WIND,...
Enhanced emission from bright solar faculae is a source of significant variation in the sun's total irradiance. Relative to the emission from the quiet sun, facular emission is known to be considerably greater at UV wavelengths than at visible wavelengths. Determining the spectral dependence of facular emission is of interest for the physical insight this may provide to the origin of the sun's irradiance variations. It is also of interest because solar radiation at lambda less than 300 nm is...
Topics: NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS), EARTH ATMOSPHERE, FACULAE, IRRADIANCE, SOLAR ACTIVITY...
This document outlines potential joint scientific studies involving the THEMIS and RBSP missions as a function of mission phase from the commissioning of RBSP in August 2012 through the end of its prime mission in the summer of 2014. It describes consensus recommendations for interspace craft separation, fast survey and burst mode strategies for THEMIS that will enable the two missions to achieve and exceed their common objectives. An appendix describes the need for careful intercalibration of...
Topics: NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS), MULTISENSOR APPLICATIONS, SOLAR TERRESTRIAL INTERACTIONS,...
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269
Jun 11, 2011
06/11
by
ODonnell, James R., Jr.; Hsu, Oscar C.; Hanson, John; Hruby, Vla
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The Space Technology 7 Disturbance Reduction System (DRS) is an in-space technology demonstration designed to validate technologies that are required for future missions such as the Laser Interferometer Space Antenna (LISA) and the Micro-Arcsecond X-ray Imaging Mission (MAXIM). The primary sensors that will be used by DRS are two Gravitational Reference Sensors (GRSs) being developed by Stanford University. DRS will control the spacecraft so that it flies about one of the freely-floating...
Topics: CORONAL MASS EJECTION, ADVANCED COMPOSITION EXPLORER, SOLAR CYCLES, MAGNETIC CLOUDS, INTERPLANETARY...
Enormous advances have been made in the last quarter century in all of these needed areas, covering the two essential halves of the Sun-Climate question: in what we know of solar variations and, equally important, in what we know of the climate system and of climatic changes. These research achievements allow us to examine all aspects of the question more directly and quantitatively than was ever possible before, and in the brighter light and more objective context of other known or suspected...
Topics: NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS), SOLAR ACTIVITY EFFECTS, SOLAR TERRESTRIAL INTERACTIONS,...
Smoothing solar UV data on rotational timescale (approx. 27 days) improves identification of solar minimum. Smoothing intervals which are not multiples of rotational period (e.g. 35 days) can leave measurable residual signal. No evidence found for periodic behavior on intermediate (50-250 days) time scales during Cycle 22, based on data from three solar UV instruments.
Topics: NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS), INFLUENCE COEFFICIENT, TIME, ULTRAVIOLET EMISSION, SOLAR...
A new method to compute lunisolar perturbations in satellite motion is proposed. The disturbing function is expressed by the orbital elements of the satellite and the geocentric polar coordinates of the moon and the sun. The secular and long periodic perturbations are derived by numerical integrations, and the short periodic perturbations are derived analytically. The perturbations due to the tides can be included in the same way. In the Appendix, the motion of the orbital plane for a...
Topics: NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS), DISTURBING FUNCTIONS, LUNAR EFFECTS, SATELLITE PERTURBATION,...
Langley, in the late nineteenth century, attempted to measure solar irradiance over an extended period of time in order to detect changes. The problem with this and other early attempts was that ground based measurements are not sufficiently accurate to measure solar irradiance fluctuations, which are on the order of 0.1%. It was not until the Active Cavity Radiometer Irradiance Monitor (ACRIM) experiment on the NASA Solar Maximum Mission (SMM) was launched in 1980 that continuous data with...
Topics: NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS), CLIMATOLOGY, CORRELATION DETECTION, SOLAR RADIATION,...
The MSL-RAD instrument continues to operate flawlessly on Mars. As of this writing, some 1040 sols (Martian days) of data have been successfully acquired. Several improvements have been made to the instrument's configuration, particularly aimed at enabling the analysis of neutral-particle data. The dose rate since MSL's landing in August 2012 has remained remarkably stable, reflecting the unusual and very weak solar maximum of Cycle 24. Only a few small SEP events have been observed by RAD,...
Topics: NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS), CURIOSITY ROVER, MARS ATMOSPHERE, MARS SURFACE, SOLAR...
A comparison was made of air temperature anomaly maps for the months of January and July against a background of high and low secular solar activity, with and without regard for the 11 year cycle. By comparing temperature variations during the 11 year and secular cycles, it is found that the 11 year cycle influences thermal conditions more strongly than the secular cycle, and that temperature differences between extreme phases of the solar cycles are greater in January than in July.
Topics: NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS), ATMOSPHERIC TEMPERATURE, NORTHERN HEMISPHERE, SOLAR CYCLES,...
Orbital prediction for satellites in low Earth orbit (LEO) or low planetary orbit depends strongly on exospheric densities. Solar activity forecasting is important in orbital prediction, as the solar UV and EUV inflate the upper atmospheric layers of the Earth and planets, forming the exosphere in which satellites orbit. Geomagnetic effects also relate to solar activity. Because of the complex and ephemeral nature of solar activity, with different cycles varying in strength by more than 100%,...
Topics: NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS), DYNAMO THEORY, EXOSPHERE, FORECASTING, SOLAR ACTIVITY...
In recent years a number of advances in both observation and theory have increased our understanding of the solar interior and how to model it. For climate studies, the timescale of interest for changes in the Sun ranges from decades to centuries. Some of the theoretical advances that will contribute to the building of global models of the Sun's variability on intermediate timescales are described. The current constraints on the important components are discussed. Finally a short discussion...
Topics: NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS), ATMOSPHERIC MODELS, CLIMATE, SOLAR ACTIVITY EFFECTS, SOLAR...
The International Sunspot Number is used as a measure of the level of solar activity in many important studies. This includes studies of the effects of solar activity on climate change and on the generation of radioisotopes used to infer levels of solar activity going back thousands of years. Any systematic errors in the historical record of the sunspot number can profoundly alter the conclusions of these studies. There is substantial evidence that the currently accepted International Sunspot...
Topics: NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS), SUNSPOTS, SOLAR ACTIVITY, CLIMATE CHANGE, RADIOACTIVE...
This report describes work done in support of the Solar Irradiance and Thermospheric Air-glow Rocket Experiments at the University of Colorado for NASA grant NAG5-5021 under the direction of Dr. Stanley C. Solomon. (The overall rocket program is directed by Dr. Thomas N. Woods, formerly at the National Center for Atmospheric Research, and now also at the University of Colorado, for NASA grant NAG5-5141.) Grant NAG5-5021 provided assistance to the overall program through analysis of airglow and...
Topics: NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS), ROCKETS, SOLAR RADIATION, THERMOSPHERE, AIRGLOW, SOLAR...
The advantages of a regular program of daily observations of the magnetosphere, ionosphere and atmosphere are described. Such synoptic observations may be one of the best routes to understanding the physical mechanisms involved in sun-weather influences. Some specific examples of such observations are given.
Topics: NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS), SOLAR ACTIVITY EFFECTS, SUN, SYNOPTIC METEOROLOGY, WEATHER,...
The possibility is discussed of occasional larger changes in the state of the sun, lasting for some millions of years, which might be responsible for producing more drastic changes in earth's climate, called ice ages.
Topics: NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS), CLIMATE, NEUTRINOS, SOLAR ACTIVITY EFFECTS, ICE ENVIRONMENTS,...
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May 28, 2011
05/11
by
Rutledge, Sharon K.; Banks, Bruce A.; Chichernea, Virgil A
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A noncontact method is described which uses atomic oxygen to remove soot and char from the surface of a painting. The atomic oxygen was generated by the dissociation of oxygen in low pressure air using radio frequency energy. The treatment, which is an oxidation process, allows control of the amount of material to be removed. The effectiveness of char removal from half of a fire-damaged oil painting was studied using reflected light measurements from selected areas of the painting and by visual...
Topics: EXTRATERRESTRIAL RADIATION, SPACE OBSERVATIONS (FROM EARTH), MAGNETIC DISTURBANCES, INTERPLANETARY...
