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Columbia College
in the Cits of Bern lark

COURSES

School of Political Science

HISTORY, ECONOMICS, AND PUBLIC LAW

UNDER THE CHARGE OF

THE UNIVERSITY FACULTY OF POLITICAL SCIENCE

I894-95

NOTE

In addition to the courses offered by the Faculty of Political
Science, Columbia College offers the following:

In School of Arts a 4-years' course . . . leading to degree of A.B.

" Law " 3 " " ... " " " " LL.B.

" Mines" 4 " " in Chemistry " " " " B.S.

11 11 tt c< <i Geology " <• i« 11 B g

" " Architecture" " 41 " B.S.

i< << 11 11 1. i< i« Mj n i ng " " • « " M.E.

" " " " " " "Engineering" " " " C.E.

" " " " " " " " " " " " E.E.

" " " " "Metallurgy " " " "Met.E.

" " " Medicine (College of Physicians and Surgeons) a 4-

years' course in Medicine leading to the degree of M.D.

The courses detailed in this pamphlet may be taken as major
or minor subjects for the degrees of A.M. and Ph.D., and some
of them for the degree of A.B. All of them are elective
as part of the requirements for the degree of LL.M. Other
courses leading to the degrees of A.M. and Ph.D. are given under
the various university faculties, especially the Faculty of Philoso-
phy and the Faculty of Pure Science.

Information as to any of the above courses may be had by
addressing the Secretary of the President, Columbia College.

CONTENTS

PAGE

University Faculty of Political Science i

Other Officers . i

General Statement 3

Purposes of the School 3

Admission and Attendance 4

Matriculation and Registration 5

Fees 5

Admission to Other Courses ...... 6

Degrees of Master of Arts and Doctor of Philosophy 7

Regulations of the University Council .... 7

Supplemental Regulations of the Faculty of Political

Science . . 9

Specific Requirements of Study . ' . . . .12

Political Science and Law 13

In General 13

Requirements for the Degree of Master of Laws . . 14

Course of Study and Research 16

Seminaria 16

History and Political Philosophy ..... 16

Public Law and Comparative Jurisprudence . . . 23
Economics and Social Science . . . . .26

Order of Studies 33

University Fellowships 35

Prizes 36

Prize in Political Economy ...... 36

James Gordon Bennet Prize 36

Academy of Political Science 37

Prize Lectureships ........ 37

Library 38

Hours of Lectures 39

Calendar 42

iii

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UNIVERSITY FACULTY OF POLITICAL SCIENCE

Seth Low, LL.D., President
John W. Burgess, Ph.D., LL.D 323 West 57th St.

Professor of History, Political Science, and Constitutional Law
Dean of the Faculty

Richmond Mayo-Smith, Ph.D., 144 Columbia Heights, Brooklyn

Professor of Political Economy and Social Science

Munroe Smith, A.M., J.U.D. . . . 115th St., near Riverside Drive
Professor of Roman Law and Comparative Jurisprudence

Frank J. Goodnow, A.M., LL.B 25 West 74th St.

Professor of Administrative Law

Edwin R. A. Seligman, LL.B., Ph.D 40 West 71st St.

Professor of Political Economy and Finance
Secretary of the Faculty

Herbert L. Osgood, Ph.D 194 Joralemon St., Brooklyn

Adjunct Professor of History

William A. Dunning, Ph.D 70 Hanson Place, Brooklyn

Adjunct Professor of History and Political Philosophy

John Bassett Moore, A.B Columbia College

Hamilton Fish Professor of International Law and Diplomacy

Franklin H. Giddings, A.M Columbia College

Professor of Sociology

OTHER OFFICERS.

A. C. Bernheim, LL.B., Ph.D 12 East 65th St.

Prize-Lecturer, 1891-1894, on New York State and City Politics

Frederic Bancroft, Ph.D., Metropolitan Club, Washington, D.C.
Prize Lecturer, 1892-95, on American History

William Z. Ripley, Ph.D Columbia College

Prize Lecturer 1893-96, on Physical Geography and Anthropology

Stephen F. Weston, A.M 36 Lee Ave., Brooklyn

Assistant in Economics

Robert Senftner Columbia College

Registrar

GENERAL STATEMENT

Purposes of the School

The School of Political Science is under the direction of the
University Faculty of Political Science, and has charge of the
university courses of study and research in history, economics,
and public law.

The School of Political Science was opened on Monday, the
fourth day of October, 1880.

In its course of instruction it undertakes to give a complete
general view of all the subjects of public polity, both internal
and external, from the threefold point of view of history, law,
and philosophy. The prime aim is therefore the development
of all the branches of the political and social sciences. The
secondary and practical objects are :

a To fit young men for all the political branches of the public
service.

b To give an adequate economic and legal training to those who
intend to make journalism their profession.

c To supplement, by courses in public law and comparative
jurisprudence, the instruction in private municipal law offered by
the Faculty of Law.

d To educate teachers of political and social science.

To these ends courses of study are offered of sufficient duration
to enable the student not only to attend the lectures and recita-
tions with the professors, but also to consult the most approved
treatises upon the political sciences and to study the sources of
the same.

Young men who wish to obtain positions in the United States
Civil Service — especially in those positions in the Department of
State for which special examinations are held — will find it advan-

SCHOOL OF POLITICAL SCIENCE

tageous to follow many of the courses under the Faculty of Political
Science. Some of the subjects upon which applicants for these
positions are examined are treated very fully in the curriculum of
the school. Thus, extended courses of lectures are given on politi-
cal geography and history, diplomatic history and international
law, government, finance, and administration.

Admission and Attendance

Students are received either as candidates for the degrees of
Bachelor of Arts, Master of Arts, Master of Laws, or Doctor of Phi-
losophy, or to pursue special or partial courses. The lectures are
open to the public, on payment of an auditor's fee. No auditor
will be admitted to any course without the consent of the instruc-
tor, previously obtained. Auditors do not have and cannot receive
any university recognition whatever.

Students desiring to pursue their studies under the direction of
the Faculty of Political Science as candidates for a degree, must
have completed the curriculum of some college in good standing
at least to the close of the junior year. Certificates of graduation
or dismission from institutions of learning in foreign countries are
also accepted.

Candidates for the degree of Bachelor of Arts are required to
pursue courses of instruction amounting in all to not less than
fifteen hours of attendance per week for one year, and must con-
form to such requirements regarding a graduation thesis as are
established for members of the senior class in the School of Arts.
Their selection of studies is not confined to those in this faculty.
Students may pursue courses offered by the Faculty of Philosophy
or the Faculty of Pure Science, or the first-year course in the
School of Law or the School of Medicine, and count the same as
part of the requirement for the bachelor's degree. Law students,
for example, may thus take their bachelor's degree and so shorten
by one year the time which otherwise would be necessary for the
attainment of degrees in both arts and law.

Candidates for the degrees of Master of Arts and Doctor of Phi-
losophy must hold a bachelor's degree from some college in good
standing and continue their studies for not less than one and two
years respectively. They are required to pursue courses of study
and research in one major and two minor subjects. For specific

FEES

regulations, see pages 7 to 13. The period of study above indi-
cated for the attainment of the degree of Doctor of Philosophy is
a minimum period. In most cases candidates for this degree have
found it necessary to devote three years after the attainment of
the baccalaureate degree to the work required for the doctorate.

Candidates for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy who have
been in residence at other universities are given credit for the
same. But no student can be a candidate for any degree unless
he has been in residence at least one session.

For the degree of Master of Laws, see pages 14 to 16.

Students who are not candidates for a degree are admitted to any
courses which they are found competent to undertake.

There are no examinations for admission, either as candidates
for a degree or as special students. Students are admitted at any
time during the year, and may present themselves for examination
for a degree whenever the requirements as to residence and an
essay or dissertation have been complied with.

Matriculation and Registration

Each student on first connecting himself with Columbia College
is required to sign the matriculation book in the office of the
President, and pay a fee of $5.00. Immediately after matricula-
tion, and before entering upon his studies each year thereafter,
every student who desires to pursue his studies, either wholly or
in part, under the direction of the Faculty of Political Science,
must register himself in the office of the dean of that faculty and
receive a registration book. Until his matriculation and registra-
tion are completed, no student is entitled to attend any university
exercises whatever, nor will any attendance previous to matricula-
tion and registration be counted as part of the residence required
for a degree.

Students proposing to study under this faculty are desired to
present themselves for registration on the Wednesday next before
the first Monday in October.

Fees

The annual fee for every candidate for a degree is $150, pay-
able in two equal instalments in October and February. The fee
for students not candidates for a degree is calculated at the rate

SCHOOL OF POLITICAL SCIENCE

of $15 a year for each hour of attendance per week upon univer-
sity exercises with a maximum fee of $150. In every case the
fee covers the specified number of hours throughout the year —
no student being received for a less period than one year. Such
fees, when not more than one hundred dollars, are payable in
advance ; otherwise, in half-yearly instalments at the same time
as regular fees.

The fee for auditors is calculated at the rate of $20 a year for
each hour of attendance per week, upon university exercises with
a maximum fee of $200. Auditors are permitted, at their option,
to enroll themselves for a single term only, at one half of the
above-mentioned fee.

Holders of university and other fellowships are exempt from
all charges for tuition.

A limited number of students who have been connected with
the College for at least one year, and whose academic record and
pecuniary circumstances warrant it, may be granted free or
reduced tuition by the faculty. Application for free or reduced
tuition should be made in writing to the dean.

Examination fees are as follows : for the degree of Bachelor of
Arts, fifteen dollars ; for the degree of Master of Arts or Master of
Laws, twenty-five dollars ; for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy,
thirty-five dollars ; for examinations at unusual times, such as
second examinations, five dollars additional. The examina-
tion fee must in each case be paid before the candidate presents
himself for examination for the degree.

Admission to other Courses.

Any duly matriculated university student is at liberty to com-
bine courses of study and investigation under this faculty with
courses offered by the School of Arts or by the University Facul-
ties of Philosophy, Law, Medicine, Mines (Applied Science), and
Pure Science without any additional fee.

Among the cognate courses given by the Faculty of Philoso-
phy are :

History of philosophy ; ethics ; biological anthropology ; read-
ings in Gaius and Ulpian ; readings in Anglo-Saxon law ; courses
in the various modern languages, and others.

Students enrolled either in the General, the Union, or the Jew-

MASTER OF ARTS AND DOCTOR OF PHILOSOPHY. f

ish Theological Seminary, in the city of New York, who may be
designated for the privilege by the authorities of those institutions
and accepted by the President of Columbia College, are admitted
to the courses offered by the Faculty of Political Science free of
any charge for tuition.

By the terms of an alliance between Columbia College and the
Teachers College, at 9 University Place, duly qualified students
of the Teachers College are permitted to enter courses offered by
the Faculty of Political Science either as candidates for degrees
or as special students.

All of these institutions offer reciprocal privileges to students
of Columbia College.

DEGREES OF MASTER OF ARTS AND DOCTOR
OF PHILOSOPHY.

Regulations as to the Degrees of Master of Arts and
Doctor of Philosophy Established by the
University Council.

1 Any student who has taken his baccalaureate degree either
in Columbia College or in some other college maintaining an
equivalent curriculum (every such case of equivalence to be con-
sidered on its own merits) shall be entitled, with the approval of
the President, to become a candidate for the degrees of Master of
Arts or Doctor of Philosophy, or either of them.

2 Each student who declares himself a candidate for the
degrees of Master of Arts and Doctor of Philosophy, or either of
them, shall, immediately upon registration, designate one principal
or major subject and two subordinate or minor subjects, which,
when approved by the proper faculty, shall be the studies of his
university course. Should the subjects designated by the candi-
date fall within the jurisdiction of more than one University
Faculty, the candidate's selection must receive the sanction of the
President before it is recorded.

3 Candidates for the degrees of Master of Arts and Doctor of
Philosophy, or either of them, must pursue their studies under the
direction of the professors and other officers of instruction in

SCHOOL OF POLITICAL SCIENCE

charge of the subjects selected by the candidates as major and
minor, attending such lectures as may be designated, and per-
forming faithfully such other work in connection therewith as
may from time to time be prescribed.

4 Students desiring to be examined as candidates for any
degree must make written application for such examination to the
dean of the proper faculty, on blank forms provided for the
purpose.

5 Each candidate for the degree of Master of Arts, in addition
to passing satisfactory examinations on prescribed portions of the
subject selected by him as major and minor, shall present an
essay on some topic previously approved by the professor in
charge of his major subject. Before the candidate is admitted to
examination, the professor in charge of his major subject must
have signified his approval of such essay.

6 Each candidate for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy, in
addition to passing satisfactory examinations on the subjects
selected by him as major and minor, shall present a dissertation
embodying the result of original investigation and research, on
some topic previously approved by the faculty. When such dis-
sertation has been approved by the faculty, it shall be printed by
the candidate and one hundred and fifty copies shall be delivered
to the faculty. On the title-page of every such dissertation shall
be printed the words : " Submitted in partial fulfilment of the
requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy, in the

University Faculty of , Columbia College." There shall

be appended to each dissertation a statement of the educational
institutions that the author has attended, a list of the degrees
and honors conferred upon him, as well as the titles of any
previous publications.

7 Every candidate for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy, in
addition to passing such other examinations as may be required
by the faculty, shall be subjected to an oral examination on his
major subject and shall defend his dissertation, in the presence of
the entire faculty or of so many of its members as may desire to
attend. The ability to read at sight two or all of the following
languages— Latin, French, and German — as each faculty may
determine, will also be required.

MASTER OF ARTS AND DOCTOR OF PHILOSOPHY 9

8 Students holding college degrees, who shall have completed
with marked distinction the entire course of the School of Law,
the School of Medicine, or the School of Mines, may be recom-
mended, by the faculty of the school in which they have studied,
for the degree of Master of Arts ; provided that in each case the
candidate present a satisfactory dissertation, and that at least a
part of the extra work required of him for the degree of Master
of Arts be taken under the direction of either the Faculty of
Philosophy or the Faculty of Political Science to the extent of a
minor course for not less than one year.

9 The degree of Doctor of Philosophy, when taken in science
and based upon a preparatory scientific training only, is subject
to the same conditions as those imposed by section 8 upon candi-
dates for the degree of Master of Arts in the schools of Law,
Medicine, and Mines.

Supplemental Regulations of the University Faculty of
Political Science

1 Candidates for the degrees of Bachelor of Arts, Master of
Arts, and Doctor of Philosophy, or any of them, will be admitted
to the courses under the control of the Faculty of Political
Science, subject to the conditions prescribed by the statutes of the
college and by this faculty.

2 Candidates for a degree who desire to take all or a part of
their studies under the direction of this faculty, must have suc-
cessfully pursued a course of undergraduate study in the School
of Arts, or in some other college maintaining an equivalent course
of study, to the close of the junior year. Every such case of
equivalence shall be considered on its own merits.

3 The course of study shall embrace instruction in the follow-
ing groups of subjects :

Group I — History and Political Philosophy

A. European History ; B. American History ; C. Political
Philosophy.

Group II — Public Law and Comparative Jurisprudence

A. Constitutional Law ; B. International Law ; C. Criminal
Law ; D. Administrative Law ; E. Comparative Jurisprudence.

SCHOOL OF POLITICAL SCIENCE

Group III — Economics and Social Science

A. Political Economy and Finance ; B. Sociology and
Statistics.

4 Members of the senior class in the School of Arts shall be
entitled to elect any of the courses offered by this faculty year
by year, subject to the regulations prescribed by the faculty of
that school.

5 Students who shall satisfactorily complete a selection of the
courses referred to in section 4, amounting in all to fifteen hours
per week, shall be qualified, on examination and the recommenda-
tion of the faculty with the concurrence of the Faculty of Arts
to receive the degree of Bachelor of Arts.

6 Students who shall satisfactorily complete a selection of the
courses referred to in section 4, amounting in all to less than
fifteen hours per week (the remaining portion of the prescribed
number of hours having been taken under the direction of another
faculty), shall, after examination, be entitled, with the concur-
rence of such other faculty or faculties, with the consent of the
President, and with the further consent of the Faculty of Arts, to
receive the degree of Bachelor of Arts.

7 Referring to section 2 of the regulations prescribed by the
University Council —

In the Faculty of Political Science the term " subject " shall be
held to mean any one of the several subjects of instruction speci-
fied under groups I., II., and III. in section 3. No candidate for
a degree may select more than two of his subjects from any one
group, and he must attend at least one seminarium. The selec-
tion of subjects made by any candidate for a degree shall be
approved by the dean on behalf of the faculty.

8 Immediately on registration each student shall be given a
registration book, on which shall be inscribed the name of the
student and the date of his enrolment or registration. In this
registration book the student shall enter, at the beginning of each
academic year or session, the subjects or titles of the several
courses of lectures or seminarium work which he proposes to follow.
At the opening exercise of every such course, or so soon there-

MASTER OF ARTS AND DOCTOR OF PHILOSOPHY II

after as may be possible, the student shall present to the professor
or instructor in charge his registration book, in order that such
professor or instructor may enter therein his name and the date
of the opening of the course. At the close of every such course
followed by the student, the professor or instructor in charge shall
again enter in the registration book his name and the date of the
closing of the course, if the student has faithfully attended the
same and performed all the duties required of him in connection
therewith. At the time of filing his application to be examined
for the degrees of Master of Arts and Doctor of Philosophy, or
either of them, every candidate must present to the dean his
registration book properly signed and dated, as above prescribed,
by the professors or instructors in charge of the several courses
which he may have attended, as evidence that he is properly
entitled to examination for a degree.

9 Referring to section 4 of the regulations prescribed by the
University Council —

Applications to be examined for the degrees of Master of Arts
or Doctor of Philosophy must be made on or before April 1 of
the academic year in which the examination is desired.

10 Referring to section 5 of the regulations prescribed by the
University Council —

The essay required of every candidate for the degree of Master
of Arts must be in the form of a paper read during the year be-
fore the seminarium of which he is a member.

11 Referring to section 6 of the regulations prescribed by the
University Council —

In the Faculty of Political Science the power to approve the
subjects chosen for his dissertation by any candidate for the de-
gree of Doctor of Philosophy, as well as the power to approve the
dissertation itself, shall be delegated to the professor in charge of
the candidate's major subject. The dissertation must be sub-
mitted not later than April 1st of the academic year in which the
examination for the degree is desired.

12 Referring to section 7 of the regulations prescribed by the
University Council —

The oral examination of the candidate in presence of the fac-
ulty shall include the minor subjects as well as the major subject ;

SCHOOL OF POLITICAL SCIENCE

and the examinations upon all these subjects shall be held at the
same time. The candidates shall also be required to read at sight
Latin, French, and German. These examinations may be held
with the consent of the dean and the professor in charge of
the candidate's major subject before the printed dissertation is
submitted.

13 Students who are not candidates for a degree shall be per-
mitted to pursue such selection of courses, from among those
offered by the Faculty of Political Science, as they may be found
qualified to enter upon, and the Faculty may approve. The quali-
fications of such students shall be determined by the professors
in charge of the courses selected by them.

14 All applications to pursue courses of study, whether as can-
didates for a degree or otherwise, either wholly or in part under
the direction of this faculty, shall be made in writing to the dean
on blank forms prepared for the purpose.

Specific Requirement of Study for the Degrees of Mas-
ter of Arts and Doctor of Philosophy.

Candidates for the degrees of Master of Arts or Doctor of
Philosophy must take the following courses :

For A.M. minor. Any course or courses aggregating two hours
per week through the year, which has not already been
taken for the bachelor's degree.

For A.M. major. Any courses aggregating two hours per week
which has not already been taken for the bachelor's de-
gree ; together with the seminarium.

For Ph.D. minor. In addition to the requirements for the A.M.
minor, courses aggregating two hours per week.

For Ph.D. major. All the courses and the seminaria in the major
subject.

Candidates offering European History as the major subject
must offer American History as a minor, and vice versa.

Candidates offering Political Economy and Finance as the
major subject, must offer Sociology and Statistics as a minor, and
vice versa.

Candidates will not be permitted to offer Constitutional Law
alone as the Ph.D. major, but must combine with it the course on

POLITICAL SCIENCE AND LAW

General International Law, or on Comparative Administrative
Law.

Candidates offering International Law, or Criminal Law, or
Administrative Law as the major subject must take Constitu-
tional Law as a minor.

Candidates will not be permitted to offer Criminal Law alone as
the Ph.D. major, but must combine with it the course on General
International Law.

POLITICAL SCIENCE AND LAW
In General

The instruction offered by the Faculty of Political Science
upon constitutional, administrative, international, and criminal
law, and upon Roman law and comparative jurisprudence, fur-
nishes the natural and necessary complement to the courses
offered by the Faculty of Law. Law is, with us, the chief avenue
into politics ; and for this reason, if for no other, a complete legal
education should include the science of politics. But the im-
portance to the lawyer of the subjects above mentioned does not
depend simply on the prospect of a political career. To become
a thorough practitioner the student must acquire a considerable
knowledge of public law ; and if he wishes to be anything more
than a practitioner, if he wishes to know law as a science, some
knowledge of other systems than our own becomes imperative.
From this point of view the Roman law is of paramount import-
ance, not merely by reason of its scientific structure, but because
it is the basis of all modern systems except the English.

The courses on constitutional and diplomatic history constitute
the indispensable introduction to those in public law ; and the
courses on economics and finance will be found of great value
by students of both public and private law.

Of these subjects, criminal law is required as part of the Bache-
lor of Laws degree in the Law School, and Roman law, history of
European law, comparative jurisprudence, comparative constitu-
tional law, administrative law, law of municipal corporations, law
of taxation, and international law are elective for the same de-
gree. The Faculty of Law also recommends that students who
have not had an adequate training in history economics, and

SCHOOL OF POLITICAL SCIENCE

finance shall so prolong their course of study that they may avail
themselves of the opportunity offered in the School of Political
Science for studying these subjects.

For the greater encouragement of such a combination of
studies, and to meet the increasing demand for a broader legal
training that shall not be exclusively professional in its purpose,
a course of university study has been established leading to the
degree of Master of Laws.

Requirements for the Degree of Master of Laws

Preliminary Education. — The candidate must have completed
the curriculum of some college in good standing at least to the
close of the Junior year.

Course of Study. — The candidate must pursue his studies under
the direction of the Faculties of Law and Political Science for
four years, electing from the subjects offered by these faculties
courses aggregating, in the four years, fifty-two hours a week, 1
provided that not more than thirty-four hours of work may be
elected either in the field of private law or in that of public law,
social ethics, history, and economics.

Allowance for Studies Prosecuted Elsewhere. — The student who
has satisfactorily completed at other universities, colleges, or law
schools any considerable portion of the subjects offered by the
Faculties of Law and Political Science (viz., not less than the
equivalent of one term's work of thirteen hours a week), may be
excused from a corresponding portion of the four years' residence
required at Columbia. Under this rule a student who holds the
bachelor's degree from a college having a curriculum substantially
equivalent to that of the School of Arts of Columbia College, and
who has pursued graduate courses in history and economics
amounting to one year's work of thirteen hours a week, may com-
plete the Master of Laws' course at Columbia College in three
years : and the student who has completed a two or three years'
law course at another law school may similarly receive credit for
courses equivalent to those offered in Columbia College. In no
case, however, shall any one receive the degree of Master of Laws

1 The courses offered by the two Faculties, from which the student is to elect
fifty-two hours, aggregate at present more than one hundred and ten hours
per week.

POLITICAL SCIENCE AND LAW

who has not spent four years in the study of history, economics,
and public and private law in some university, college, or law
school, including a residence of at least one term at Columbia
College ; and the decision whether work performed at another
institution shall be accepted as equivalent to work at Columbia
rests, as regards each subject, with the Faculty in whose jurisdic-
tion that subject falls.

Master of Laws' Course for Students Holding the Degree of
Bachelor of Laws from Columbia College. — Students who have
completed the junior year in the School of Arts of Columbia Col-
lege or in some other institution maintaining an equivalent cur-
riculum, and who have obtained the degree of Bachelor of Laws
from Columbia College after pursuing the full three years' course
of study, shall be entitled, upon pursuing for an additional year
a course of study of at least thirteen hours a week under the
Faculty of Law or the Faculty of Political Science, or under both
of these Faculties, and passing satisfactory examinations, to
receive the degree of Master of Laws ; provided that no student
shall receive the degree who has not studied and passed satisfac-
tory examinations in comparative constitutional law, administra-
tive law, Roman law, international law, and in the three courses
offered on equity, and who has not pursued at Columbia or else-
where courses of instruction satisfactory to the Faculty of Politi-
cal Science in history, social ethics, and economics.

Arrangement of Studies. — Under the above regulations the
student may choose either of two courses leading to the degree
of Master of Laws. He may study primarily for the Bachelor of
Laws' degree, and after obtaining this, prosecute his studies a year
longer for the master's degree ; or he may register himself from
the outset as a candidate for the master's degree without attempt-
ing to take the bachelor's degree. Those students who believe
that they will be able to devote the necessary time to their legal
studies are strongly recommended to take the latter course. Such
students will find it to their advantage to make their elections
for the first year largely in the field of social ethics, political
philosophy, constitutional history, and economics, combining with
these subjects courses in the elements of jurisprudence and the
general principles of contracts and torts, and to divide the subse-
quent years between public and private law.

The student who has completed his junior year in the School

SCHOOL OF POLITICAL SCIENCE

of Arts of Columbia College, or in some other college maintain-
ing an equivalent curriculum, may obtain the degree of Bachelor
of Arts from Columbia College upon such a combination of legal
and political courses aggregating not less than fifteen hours a
week for one year ; and such courses will also be counted as
a part of the fifty-two hours a week required for the degree of
Master of Laws.

COURSES OF STUDY AND RESEARCH FOR
1894-95 1

The course of study embraces instruction and research in three
groups of subjects :

I History and Political Philosophy.

II Public Law and Comparative Jurisprudence.

III Economics and Social Science.

Seminaria

Outside of the regular instruction in the various subjects by
lecture, it is the intention to furnish the students an opportunity
for special investigation of historical, legal, economic and social
questions under the direction of the professors. This is done by
means of original papers prepared by the students. The papers
are read before the professor and the students, and are then criti-
cised and discussed. There will be at least one seminarium in
each subject. The number of meetings and the topics to be dis-
cussed are determined each year. Attendance at a seminarium
in the major subject is necessary on the part of candidates for
the degrees of Master of Arts or Doctor of Philosophy.

There are also preliminary seminaria in history and political
economy designed primarily for those that are not fully prepared
for the more advanced work. A preliminary seminarium taken
by a candidate for the degree of Bachelor of Arts will count for
one hour toward the fifteen hours necessary for a degree.

Group 1— History and Political Philosophy

The student is supposed to be familiar with the outlines of
European history, ancient and modern, as well as of American
1 Subject to revision in details in case of need.

COURSES OF STUDY AND RESEARCH

history. Students who are not thus prepared are recommended
to take the undergraduate courses in history in the School of
Arts. These are as follows 1 :

1 (A) Outline of Medieval and Modern History. — Two hours a
week : Mr. Colby.

2 (B) Outline of European History since 1815. — Two hours a
week, first session : Prof. Dunning.

3 Roman History. — Two hours a week, first session : Prof.
Munroe Smith.

4 English History. — One hour a week : Prof. Osgood.

5 American History. — One hour a week : Prof. Dunning.

6 Historical and Political Geography. — The purpose of this
course is to give a description of the physical geography of
Europe, to point out the various sections into which it is naturally
divided, to trace the territorial growth of modern European states,
and to describe the geographical and ethnic conditions of the
present states of the European continent. One hour a week :
Prof. Goodnow.

Subject A — European History

7 General Political and Constitutional History of Europe, com-
prehending in detail : a view of the political situation of imperial
Rome ; the history of the development of the government of the
Christian church into the form of papal monarchy ; the overthrow
of the Roman imperial system and the establishment of German
kingdoms throughout middle, western, and southern Europe ; the
character and constitution of these kingdoms ; the conversion of
the Germans to the Christian church, and the relations which the
Christian church assumed towards the Germanic states ; consoli-
dation of the German kingdoms into the European empire of
Charlemagne ; character and constitution of the Carolingian state ;
its disruption through the development of the feudal system and
the independent hierarchic church, and division into the kingdoms
of Germany, France, and Italy ; character and history of the
feudal system as a state form ; re-establishment of the imperial
authority by the re-connection of Germany with Italy ; conflict
of the middle ages between church and state ; the political disor-
ganization and papal despotism resulting from the same ; the

1 The lettered courses are required for undergraduates.

SCHOOL OF POLITICAL SCIENCE

development of the absolute monarchy and the reformation ; the
limitation of absolute kingly power and the development of con-
stitutionalism ; and lastly, the realization of the constitutional
idea of the nineteenth century. — Four hours a week, first session :
Prof. Osgood.

8 The Political and Constitutional History of England. — The ob-
ject of this course of lectures is to trace the growth of the English
constitution from the earliest to the present times, dwelling upon
foreign relations during periods when they had an important in-
fluence. Particular attention is paid to the administrative system
developed by the Norman monarchs, and to the struggle of the
thirteenth century, which culminated in the legislative work of
Edward I. The political results of the reformation are described.
Under the Stuarts, the conflict between the crown and parliament,
which had been interrupted at the close of the fourteenth century,
was resumed, owing chiefly to the rise of Puritanism. The House
of Commons now leads the opposition. The history of the strug-
gle between the two is detailed till the most important questions
in dispute were settled by the events of 1688-89. The develop-
ment of parliamentary government under the aristocratic regime
is then outlined. About the beginning of this century, and largely
in consequence of the industrial revolution, the democratizing of
the constitution began. The account given of the development
of this tendency closes with the Reform Bill of 1884. The work
of the first session will close at 1640. The history subsequent to
that date will be treated during the second session. — Two hours a
week: Prof. Osgood.

9 The Relations of England and Ireland. — In a general way, the
Irish question has been the question of imposing upon the last
and most persistent remnant of the old Celtic race the Teutonic
ideas and institutions that have developed in England. Three
phases of the process are clearly distinguishable in history — the
political, the religious, and the economic. It is designed in the
lectures to follow out in some detail the modifications in the rela-
tions of the two islands affected by the varying prominence of
these different phases. The long struggle for English political
supremacy over all Ireland from the twelfth to the seventeenth
century, the religious wars, and the ruthless suppression of the
Catholic population during the two succeeding centuries, and the
origin and development of the land question out of the circum-

COURSES OF STUDY AND RESEARCH

I 9

stances of both these periods, are described with special reference
to their influence on the modern state of Irish affairs. Inciden-
tally to these leading topics, the questions of governmental
organization that have been prominent from time to time since the
conquest are discussed, and the history of the Irish parliament is
followed out in such a way as to illustrate the nature and im-
portance of the agitation for home rule. — One hour a week, first
session (1895-96) : Prof. Dunning.

10 History of European Law. — See post., p. 26. Two hours a
week : Prof. Munroe Smith.

11 History of Diplomacy. — Seepost.,p. 23. — Two hours a week
first session : Prof. Moore.

12 Early Church History. — The ante-Nicene period, a.d. 100-
311 ; spread and persecution ; literary conflict with heathenism
and heresy ; conversion of the Roman empire ; development of
Christian doctrine and discipline. — Two hours a week :

13 Mediozval Church History. — From the time of Constantine
to the Reformation. Nicene and post-Nicene periods : monasti-
cism ; rise of the papacy ; development of doctrine ; mediaeval
Christianity ; conversion of the barbarians ; separation of the
Greek and Latin churches ; the papacy and the empire ; the
crusades ; preparation for the reformation. — Two hours a week :

14 Modern Church History. — The reformation on the continent,
in England and Scotland ; the Roman Catholic counter-reforma-
tion ; history of the Lutheran and Reformed churches. — Two
hours a week :

15 Seminarium in European History. — Two hours a week :
Prof. Osgood.

Subject B— American History

16 Political and Constitutional History of the United States. — This
course of lectures covers the history of the colonies and of the
revolutionary war ; the formation and dissolution of the confed-
erate constitution of 1787, and its application down to the civil
war ; the changes wrought in the constitution by the civil war,
and the resulting transformation of the public law of the United
States. — Four hours a week, second session : Prof. Burgess.

17 Political History of the Colonies and of the American Revolu-
tion. — This is an investigation course, extending through two years.

SCHOOL OF POLITICAL SCIENCE

During the first year attention will be devoted to the settlement
of the colonies and their development in the seventeenth century.
During the second year the growth of the system of colonial
administration, the conflict with the French, and the revolt of the
colonies will be investigated. The object of the course is two-
fold : first, to acquaint the student as thoroughly as possible with
the history of the period ; second, to teach him how to investi-
gate and how to do the constructive work of the historian. The
subject is taken up topically, and the titles of the chief original
authorities bearing upon each topic are given by the instructor.
These works the student must read, compare, and criticise. The
result of his study must appear in the form of a consistent and
truthful account of the event of which he is treating. It is in-
tended that attention shall be fixed as exclusively as possible upon
original sources. When secondary material is used, it must be
examined and criticised in the light of the original. When neces-
sary, an analytical study of the histories, relations, or other authori-
ties is undertaken for the purpose of ascertaining the degree of
their credibility. Attention is also called to the character of his-
torical writing in each period under investigation. Students are
brought, as far as possible, to view the world from the standpoint
of the men whose works they are studying. It is intended that a
class taking the full course shall have discussed before it all the
most important original authorities bearing upon the history of
the American colonies and revolution. — Two hours per week for
two years : Prof. Osgood.

1 8 The United States during Civil War and Reconstruction. — The
object of this course is to describe the constitutional principles
which came into play during the period from i860 to 1877.
Among the topics discussed in more or less detail are : The prin-
ciples of the appeal to arms ; the nature and scope of the " war
power " ; the status of the negro as affected by the war ; the
various theories of reconstruction ; the adoption of the last three
amendments to the constitution ; the actual process of recon-
struction ; the so-called " force legislation " ; and the circum-
stances attending the final cessation of national interference in
the Southern States. — Two hours a week, second session : Prof.
Dunning.

19 History of American Diplomacy. — See post, p. 23. Two hours
a week, second session : Prof. Moore.

COURSES OF STUDY AND RESEARCH

20 American Church History. — Two hours a week :

21 New York State and Federal Politics, 1820-1860. — Among the
chief topics treated in this course are : Anti-masonry, rise of the
Whig party, internal improvements, agrarian insurrections, Mc-
Leod case, anti-slavery ideas before 1845, Texas and the Mexican
war, compromise of 1850, election of 1852, Kansas-Nebraska bill,
Dred Scott case, Lincoln-Douglas debate, election of i860, efforts
at compromise. — Two hours a week, second session : Dr. Ban-
croft.

22 Charter and Political History of New York City. — This course
treats of the relations of the city to the state, showing the growth
of municipal independence. The early charters conferred but
few rights on the city, the selection of the most important city
officials being made at Albany. Tammany Hall has been the most
important and" powerful party organization. A brief history of
the Tammany organization, its rulers, and its method of nominat-
ing public officers, will be given. The " Tweed Ring " and the
efforts of purifying city politics since its downfall will be described,
including the reform charter of 1873, the amendments of 1884,
the report of the Tilden Committee in 1875, and of the Roosevelt
and Gibbs investigating committees. — Two hours a week, first ses-
sion : Dr. Bernheim.

25 Seminarium in Early American History. — The subjects dis-
cussed in 1893-4 were : Topics on the history of the American
colonies during the period of the restoration, 1660-1690. One
hour a week : Prof. Osgood.

Subject C— Political Philosophy

26 General History of Political Theories. — Every people known
to history has possessed some form, however vague and primitive,
of political government. Every people which has attained a
degree of enlightenment above the very lowest has been per-
meated by some ideas, more or less systematic, as to the origin,
nature, and limitations of governmental authority. It is the
purpose of this course to trace historically the development of
these ideas, from the primitive notions of primitive people to the
complex and elaborate philosophical theories that have charac-
terized the ages of highest intellectual refinement.

SCHOOL OF POLITICAL SCIENCE

Book I., after a short survey of the theocratic system of the
Brahmans, treats mainly of the political philosophy of Greece
and Rome, with especial attention to the profound specula-
tions of Plato and Aristotle.
Book II. discusses the political doctrines of early Christianity and
the Christian church, with the controversy of Papacy and
Empire, and the elaborate systems of St. Thomas Aquinas
and his adversaries.
Book III. treats of that age of renaissance and reformation
in which Machiavelli and Bodin, Suarez and Bellarmino,
Luther and Calvin worked out their various solutions of the
great problem, how to reconcile the conflicting doctrines
of theology, ethics, and politics.
Book IV. covers the period during which the theories were
worked out which found realization in the English and
French revolutions. Here are examined the doctrine of
natural law, as developed by Grotius and Puffendorf, the
doctrine of divine right of kings with its corollary of passive
obedience, as in Filmer and Bossuet, the theory of the
constitutionalists, Locke and Montesquieu, and the idea of
social contract, made most famous by Rousseau.
Book V. traces the various currents of thought since Rousseau :
the idealism of Kant, Fichte, and Hegel, the reactionary
philosophy which sought to overcome the tendencies of the
revolution, the historical school of Burke and Savigny, and
the English individualists like Bentham, Mill, and Spencer.
— Three hours a week : Prof. Dunning.

27 American Political Philosophy. — As the first nation to
realize in practice many of the principles that characterize the
modern state, the United States offers special opportunities for
research to the student of political philosophy. In this course a
twofold line of discussion is followed : First, by a study of the
various documents of the revolutionary era, the Declaration of
Independence, the constitutions, national and commonwealth, and
other state papers, the dominant ideas of the people are derived
from their official records. Second, the writings of the leading
statesmen, like Hamilton, Jefferson, Calhoun, and Webster, as
well as the more systematic and philosophical works of Lieber,
Mulford, Brownson, Jameson, and others, are analyzed and
subjected to critical comment. — One hour a week : Prof. Dunning.

COURSES OF STUDY AND RESEARCH

30 Seminarium in Political Philosophy. — One hour a week :
Prof. Dunning.

Group II. — Public Law and Comparative Jurisprudence

Subject A — Constitutional Law

1 Comparative Constitutional Law of the Principal European States
and of the United States j comprehending a comparison of the
provisions of the constitutions of England, United States, France,
and Germany, the interpretation of the same by the legislative
enactments and judicial decisions of the states, and the generali-
zation from them of the fundamental principles of public law-
common to them all. — Three hours a week, December to May :
Prof. Burgess.

2 Comparative Constitutional Law of the Several Commonwealths
of the American Union. — In this course of lectures comparison is
made in the same manner of the constitutions of the forty-four
commonwealths of the Union. — One hour a week, second session:
Dr. Bernheim.

5 Seminarium in Constitutional Law. — The subject discussed
in 1893-94 was the power of Congress over the Territories. — Two
hours a week : Prof. Burgess.

Subject B — International Law

6 History of Diplomacy. — The object of this course is to exhibit
the evolution of the relations between independent states and the
manner in which those relations are conducted. The history of
the diplomatic system of Europe is traced from its beginnings to
the present time, and an exposition is given of the religious,
dynastic, territorial, and commercial struggles of which that
system is the result. The first part of the course relates to the
development of the European concert prior to the Peace of
Westphalia. This is followed by an examination of the most
important of the general European treaties, beginning with those
concluded at the Congress of Westphalia in 1648, and ending
with the Treaty of Berlin of 1878. — Two hours a week, first
session : Prof. Moore.

7 History of American Diplomacy. — In the study of American
diplomacy special attention will be given to the history and
method of the diplomacy of the United States. The course will

2 4

SCHOOL OF POLITICAL SCIENCE

comprehend (i) the diplomacy of the Revolution ; (2) the period
from the Treaty of Peace of 1783 to the termination of the war
of 181 2 ; (3) from the termination of that war to the civil war ;
(4) from the outbreak of the latter war to the present time. — Two
hours a week, second session : Prof. Moore.

8 International Law. — This course treats of the general prin-
ciples of international law, as it has been developed by positive
agreement, in the form of treaties and conventions, and by
common usage, as shown in legislation, in the decisions of inter-
national tribunals and of municipal courts, and in the conduct of
nations. The rules thus discovered are discussed in the light of
the principles of reason and justice, as scientifically presented by
writers on international law, and an effort is made to trace the
systematic establishment of the rules which govern intercourse
among nations at the present day. — Two hours a week : Prof.
Moore.

10 Seminarium in International Law. — 2 hours a week : Prof.
Moore.

Subject C — Criminal Law

11 Criminal Law, including the Conflict of Penal Laws and Ex-
tradition. — This course embraces (1) the general principles of
criminal law, defining the relation of the individual to the state,
as regards the maintenance of public order ; (2) the conflict of
penal laws, and the punishment of extra-territorial crime ; (3)
extradition, including (a) the delivery up of fugitives from justice
as between nations, and (b) the delivery of such fugitives as
between the states of the American Union, or interstate rendi-
tion. — Two hours a week : Prof. Moore.

Subject D — Administrative Law

16 Comparative Administrative Law of the United States and the
principal European States. — The purpose of this course is to
present the general principles of the administrative law of the
United States, both in the nation and in the commonwealths, and to
compare them with the law of England, France, and Germany.
The following list of topics will give a general idea of the particu-
lar subjects discussed : The principle of the separation or distri-
bution of powers ; the executive power ; administrative councils ;
heads of departments, their tenure of office, their powers and
duties ; local (including municipal) government ; officers, their

COURSES OF STUDY AND RESEARCH 2$

appointment or election, their duties, their rights, removal from
office ; the administration in action ; the control over the admin-
istration possessed by the higher administrative officers, the
courts, and the legislature. Special attention will here be paid to
the writs of mandamus, quo warranto, certiorari, habeas corpus, and
prohibition, and their statutory substitutes, by means of which
the courts exercise their control over the administration. The
new courts will also be examined, which have been established in
France and Germany during this century, and to which the name
of administrative courts has been given. — Two hours a week :
Prof. Goodnow.

17 The Law of Municipal Corporations. — This course treats of
the development of the American municipal corporation and the
differences between it and the modern English municipal cor-
poration ; the creation of municipal corporations ; the control
over American municipal corporations possessed by the com-
monwealth legislature, and its constitutional limitations both
national and commonwealth ; the dissolution of municipal cor-
porations, and its effect ; the organization of municipal cor-
porations together with a detailed discussion of their powers
and liabilities both as governmental agencies and as corporate
bodies, subjects of private law. — Two hours a week, first session :
Prof. Goodnow.

18 The Law of Taxation. — The subjects treated in this course
are : The nature of taxes and the taxing power ; the limitations
placed by the constitutions, both national and commonwealth,
upon the taxing power ; the construction of tax proceedings ; the
rules of law relative to the particular taxes, both national and
commonwealth, levied in the United States ; the methods of
assessment and collection ; the remedies open to the individua.
against arbitrary, unjust, and illegal taxation ; and the law of
assessments for local improvements of property specially bene-
fited. — Two hours a week, second session : Prof. Goodnow.

20 Seminarium in Administrative Law. — Two hours a week :
Prof. Goodnow.

Subject E — Roman Law and Comparative Jurisprudence

21 Roman Law L. — The history and institutions of the classical
and Justinian law. Sohm's Lnstitutes, supplemented by lectures.
— Two hours a week, first session : Prof. Munroe Smith.

SCHOOL OF POLITICAL SCIENCE

22 Roman Law II. — Cases from the Digest, principally in con-
tracts. — Two hours a week, second session : Prof. Munroe Smith.

23 History of European Law. — This course treats (1) of primi-
tive law, with especial reference to the usages and ideas of the
Indo-Germanic races ; (2) of early German law, including a com-
parison of Scandinavian, Anglo-Saxon, and continental German
customs ; (3) of mediaeval European law, including feudal and
canon law ; (4) of the " reception " of Justinian civil law ; and
(5) of the genesis and character of the great modern codes. — Two
hours a week (1895-96) : Prof. Munroe Smith.

24 Comparative Jurisprudence. — This course, based mainly on a
comparison of the modern Roman and the English common law,
aims to present the leading principles of modern property law
and family law. — Two hours a week : Prof. Munroe Smith.

25 International Private Law. — In this course the theories of the
foreign authorities and the practice of the foreign courts in the
so-called " conflicts of law " are compared with the solution given
to these questions by our own courts. — One hour a week : Prof.
Munroe Smith.

29 Seminarium in Legal History. — One hour a week : Prof.
Munroe Smith.

30 Seminarium in Comparative Legislation. — One hour a week :
Prof. Munroe Smith.

Group III — Economics and Social Science

It is presumed that students before entering the school possess
a knowledge of the general principles of political economy as laid
down in the ordinary manuals by Walker or Mill, and also a
knowledge of the general facts of economic history. Students
who are not thus prepared are recommended to take the under-
graduate courses in the School of Arts. These are 1 :

1 (A) Elements of Political Economy. — Two hours a week,
second session : Prof. Mayo-Smith and Mr. Weston.

2 Economic History of Europe and America. — Two hours a
week, second session : Prof. Seligman and Mr. Weston.

Subject A — Political Economy and Finance

3 Historical and Practical Political Economy. — This course is in-

1 The lettered course is required for undergraduates.

COURSES OF STUDY AND RESEARCH

tended to give the student a knowledge of the economic develop-
ment of the world, in order that he may understand present eco-
nomic institutions and solve present economic problems. The
principal topics are : the study of political economy and
its relation to political science ; general sketch of the eco-
nomic development of the world ; the institutions of private
property, bequest, and inheritance, and the principle of per-
sonal liberty as affecting the economic condition of the world ;
the problems of production, such as land tenure, population, capi-
tal, different forms of productive enterprise, statistics of production,
particularly the natural resources of the United States ; problems
of exchange, such as free trade and protection, railroads, money,
bimetallism, paper-money, banking, commercial crises, etc. ;
problems of distribution, such as wages, trades-unions, co-opera-
tion, poor relief, factory laws, profit and interest, rent, progress
and poverty ; and finally a consideration of the function of the
state in economic affairs. — Three hours a week : Prof. Mayo-
Smith.

4 History of Political Eco?iomy. — In this course the various sys-
tems of political economy are discussed in their historical devel-
opment. The chief exponents of the different schools are taken
up in their order, but especial attention is directed to the wider
aspects of the connection between the theories and the organiza-
tion of the existing industrial society. The chief writers discussed
are :

I Antiquity : Orient, Greece, and Rome.
II Middle ages : Aquinas, Glossators, writers on money, the
usury question, etc.

III Mercantilists : Stafford, Mun, Petty, North, Locke ;

Bodin, Vauban, Forbonnais ; Serra, Galiani, Justi, etc.

IV Physiocrats : Quesnay, Gournay, Turgot, etc.

V Adam Smith and precursors : Tucker, Hume, Cantillon,
Steuart.

VI English school: Malthus, Ricardo, Senior, McCulloch,

Chalmers, Jones, Mill, etc.
VII The continent : Say, Sismondi, Hermann, List, Cournot,
Bastiat, etc.

VIII German historical school : Roscher, Knies, Hildebrand, etc.
IX Recent development : Rogers, Jevons, Cairnes, Bagehot,

SCHOOL OF POLITICAL SCIENCE

Leslie, Toynbee, Marshall ; Wagner, Schmoller, Held,
Brentano, Cohn ; Menger, Sax, Bohm-Bawerk, Wieser ;
Leroy-Beaulieu, De Laveleye, Gide ; Cossa, Nazzani,
Loria, Ricca-Salerno, Pantaleoni ; Carey, George,
Walker, Clark, Patten, Adams, etc.
— Two hours a week : Prof. Seligman.

5 Science of Finance. — This course is historical as well as com-
parative and critical. It treats of the various rules of public ex-
penditures and the methods of meeting the same among different
civilized nations. It describes the different kinds of public
revenue, including the public domain and public property, public
works and industrial undertakings, special assessments, fees and
taxes. It is in great part a course on the history, theories, and
methods of taxation in all civilized countries. It considers also
public debt, methods of borrowing, redemption, refunding, repu-
diation, etc. Finally it describes the financial organization of the
state, by which the revenue is collected and expended, and dis-
cusses the budget, national, state, and local. Students are fur-
nished with the current public documents of the United States
treasury, and the chief financial reports of the leading common-
wealths, and are expected to understand all the facts in regard to
public debt, currency, and revenue therein contained. — Two hours
a week : Prof. Seligman.

6 Financial History of the United States. — This course endeav-
ors to present a complete survey of American legislation on
currency, finance, and taxation, as well as its connection with the
state of industry and commerce. Attention is called especially
to the financial history of the colonies (colonial currency and
taxation) ; to the financial methods of the revolution and the
confederation ; to the financial policy of the Federalists and the
Republicans up to the war of 1812, including the refunding and
payment of the debt, the internal revenue, and the banking and
currency problems ; to the financial history of the war with Eng-
land ; to the changes in the methods of taxation, and the crises
of 1819, 1825, 1837 ; to the distribution of the surplus and the
United States bank ; to the currency problems up to the civil
war ; to the financial management of the war ; to the methods
of resumption, payment of the debt, national banks, currency
questions, and problems of taxation ; and finally to the recent

COURSES OF STUDY AND RESEARCH

2 9

development in national, state, and municipal finance and taxation.
— Two hours a week, second session (1895-96) : Prof. Seligman.

7 Industrial and Tariff History of the United States. — The argu-
ments of extreme free-traders, as of extreme protectionists, are
often so one-sided that an impartial judgment can be formed only-
through a knowledge of the actual effects of the tariffs. It is the
object of this course to give a detailed history of each customs
tariff of the United States from the very beginning ; to describe
the arguments of its advocates and of its opponents in each case ;
to trace as far as possible the position of each of the leading in-
dustries before and after the passage of the chief tariff acts, and
thus to determine how far the legislation of the United States has
developed or hampered the progress of industry and the pros-
perity of the whole country. Attention is called especially to
the industrial history of the colonies ; to the genesis of the pro-
tective idea and to Hamilton's report ; to the tariffs from 1789 to
1808 ; to the restriction and the war with England ; to the tariffs
of 1816, 1824, and the "tariff of abominations" of 1828 ; to the
infant-industry argument ; to the compromise and its effect on
manufacturers ; to the area of moderate free trade ; to the tariff
of 1857 ; to the war tariffs ; to their continuance, and to the
pauper-labor argument ; to the McKinley act, and the changes
up to the present time. — Two hours a week, second session
(1895-96) : Prof. Seligman.

8 Railroad Problems ; Economic, Social and Legal. — These lec-
tures treat of railroads in the fourfold aspect of their relation to
the investors, the employees, the public, and the state respectively.
A history of railways and railway policy in America and Europe
forms the preliminary part of the course. All the problems of
railway management, in so far as they are of economic import-
ance, come up for discussion. Among the subjects treated are :
financial methods, railway construction, speculation profits, fail-
ures, accounts and reports, expenses, tariffs, principles of rates,
classification and discrimination, competition and pooling, acci-
dents, employers' liability, etc. Especial attention is paid to the
methods of regulation and legislation in the United States as com-
pared with European methods, and the course closes with a gen-
eral discussion of state versus private management. — Two hours
a week, first session (1895-96) : Prof. Seligman.

SCHOOL OF POLITICAL SCIENCE

14 Preliminary Seminar ium in Political Economy. — Primarily for
those that have already studied economics for only a year. The
subject in 1893-94 was bimetallism and the monetary situation. —
Two hours a week : Professors Mayo-Smith and Seligman, and
Mr. Weston.

15 Seminarium in Political Economy and Finance. — For advanced
students. The subjects in 1893-94 were (1) Origin and develop-
ment of the differential theory of distribution. (2) The income
tax in theory and practice. — Two hours, bi-weekly : Prof.
Seligman.

Subject B— Sociology and Statistics 1

16 Physical Geography, Anthropology, and Ethnology. — This
course will treat of the following subjects :

I Physical Geography in its relation to the development
of culture : a) areas of characterization, acclimatiza-
tion, etc. ; b) theories of distribution.
II History of the Science of Anthropology.

III Prehistoric Archceology, including earliest evidences of

human life, theories of migration, etc.

IV Ethnology : a) language ; b) manners and customs ; c)

classification of races ; d) 2 race problems biologically
considered, including variation, intermingling, and
extermination.
V Anthropometry* .
VI Comparative Mythology? — Two hours a week : Dr. Ripley.

17 Practical Statistics. — This course is a series of talks about
the use of statistics in political economy and social science, with
use of the current statistical publications of the United States,
and explanation of their value as sources of information and
illustrations of statistical methods, fallacies, graphical representa-
tion, etc. The topics are : population in its economic relation,
emigration and immigration, production of wealth, money, com-
merce, wages, banking, finance, etc. — Two hours, first session :
Prof. Mayo-Smith.

1 For a fuller statement of the work in Sociology and the allied courses and
equipment, see the separate announcement of the Courses in Sociology.

2 This course will be given in the University Faculty of Philosophy by Dr.
Livingston Farrand.

COURSES OF STUDY AND RESEARCH

18 Statistical Science : Methods and Results. — This course is in-
tended to furnish a basis for social science by supplementing the
historical, legal and economic knowledge already gained by such
a knowledge of social phenomena as can be gained only by statis-
tical observation. Under the head of statistics of population
are considered : race and ethnological distinctions, nationality,
density, city and country, sex, age, occupation, religion, education,
births, deaths, marriages, mortality tables, emigration, etc.
Under economic statistics : land, production of food, raw mate-
rial, labor, wages, capital, means of transportation, shipping,
prices, etc. Under the head of moral statistics are considered :
statistics of suicide, vice, crime of all kinds, causes of crime,
condition of criminals, repression of crime, penalties and effect
of penalties, etc. Finally is considered the method of statistical
observations, the value of the results obtained, the doctrine of
the will, and the possibility of discovering social laws. — Two
hours a week : Prof. Mayo-Smith.

19 Communistic and Socialistic Theories. — The present organiza-
tion of society is attacked by socialistic writers, who demand
many changes, especially in the institution of private property
and the system of free competition. It is the object of this
course to describe what these attacks are, what changes are pro-
posed, and how far these changes seem desirable or possible.
At the same time an account is given of actual socialistic move-
ments, such as the international, social democracy, etc. Advan-
tage is taken of these discussions to make the course really one
on social science, by describing modern social institutions, such
as private property, in their historical origin and development, and
their present justification. — Two hours a week (1895-96) : Prof.
Mayo-Smith.

20 General Sociology. — This course includes a systematic study
of general sociology. The attempts that have been made since
Comte to construct a science of society are explained in a review
of the literature, which is brought down to the present time. A
society is described in ethnographic terms, as a subdivision of the
population of the earth, which has a territorial or ethnical ground
of unity and develops its own distinctive culture and organization.
The causes and laws of its natural evolution, so far as they are yet
apparent, are presented. Particular attention is given to the

SCHOOL OF POLITICAL SCIENCE

economic causes of social development. The modern theories of
utility, subjective value, and wealth-consumption are shown to
have important sociological bearings. They enter into our inter-
pretations of legal traditions and political forms, as well as into
our explanations of industrial customs, the division of labor, and
public policy. Economic and sociological theory are thus brought
into close relations to each other. The latter part of the course
deals largely with the causes and consequences of the rapid
growth of modern populations and their concentration in cities. —
Two hours a week, first session : Prof. Giddings.

2 1 The Evolution of the Family. — The family is the unitary group
in human society. The study of its organization and history is
of the same importance for the sociologist that the study of cell
structure and differentiation is for the biologist. The investigations
of Bachofen, Morgan, Maine, and MacLennan into the origins of
marriage, kinship, household organization, and clan relationships,
stimulated sociological research as nothing else has ever done.
The course on the evolution of the family presents the results of
these researches, reviewing the literature and discussing some of
the more important problems, such as those of the early forms of
marriage, the relation of the family to the clan and the tribe, the
status of women and children, etc. These studies lead up to an
examination of the family in modern society, in country and city,
under various conditions of nationality, residence, occupation,
density of population, sanitary surroundings, education, religion,
etc. In conclusion, the increase of divorce is considered, in its
causes and consequences, and in its relation to public opinion and
legislation. — Two hours a week, second session : Prof. Giddings.

22 Pauperism, Poor Laws, and Charities. — The foundation of
this course is a careful study of the English poor law ; its history,
practical working, and consequences. On this foundation is built
a study of pauperism in general, but especially as it may be now
observed in great cities. The laws of the different common-
wealths in regard to paupers, out-relief, alms-houses, dependent
children, etc., are compared. Finally the special modern methods
of public and private philanthropy are considered, with particular
attention to charity organization, the restriction of out-door alms,
and the reclamation of children. — Two hours a week, first session :
Prof. Giddings.

COURSES OF STUDY AND RESEARCH

23 Crime and Penology. — This course comprises a special study
of the sociological problems of crime and penology. It takes up
in order the nature and definitions of crime, the increase of crime
and its modern forms, criminal anthropology — the physical and
psychological characteristics of the criminal type, — the social
causes of crime, surroundings, parental neglect, education, the
question of responsibility, historical methods of punishment, the
history of efforts to reform prison methods, modern methods, the
solitary system, the Elmira system, classification of criminals,
classes of prisons, reformatories, and jails. — Two hours a week,
second session : Prof. Giddings.

24 Ethnology and the Population of the United States. — This
course studies the origin of the population of the United States,
the history of immigration, the ethnical elements and their influ-
ence on institutions and social progress. — Two hours a week, sec-
ond session : Prof. Mayo-Smith.

29 Seminarium in Statistics. — Work in the statistical laboratory
— Four hours, weekly : Prof. Mayo-Smith.

30 Seminarium in Social Science. — Two hours, bi-weekly : Prof.
Giddings.

ORDER OF STUDIES

It is recommended by the faculty that students, who intend to
devote their whole time to the courses of study offered by this
faculty, take them in the following order :

FIRST YEAR

Constitutional History of Europe, United States

and England .
Political Economy .
Science of Finance .
Practical Statistics (1st session)
History of Political Theories .
Relations of England and Ireland (1st session)

Hours per week

SCHOOL OF POLITICAL SCIENCE

Roman Law 2

Physical Geography and Anthropology (1st session) . . 2

Financial History of the United States (2d session) . . 2
Tariff History of the United States (2d session) . . .2

SECOND YEAR

Comparative Constitutional Law of the principal
European states and of the United States, Dec.

1 st to end of year 3

History of European Law 2

Comparative Administrative Law of the United

States, and of the principal European states . . .2

History of Political Economy 2

Social Science : Communistic and Socialistic Theories . . 2

Colonial History of the United States 2

History of Diplomacy (1st session) 2

History of American Diplomacy (2d session) .... 2

American Political Philosophy 1

Sociology (1st session) ........ 2

Evolution of the Family (2d session) . . . . .2

New York State and Federal Politics (2d session) . . .2

Early and Mediaeval Church History 4

THIRD YEAR

Comparative Jurisprudence .2

International Law 2

Criminal Law 2

International Private Law 1

Law of Municipal Corporations (1st session) . ... 2

Law of Taxation (2d session) 2

History of the United States, 1860-1877 . 1

New York City Politics (1st session) 2

Statistics, Methods, and Results 2

Railroad Problems 2

Pauperism and Poor Relief (1st session) .... 2

Crime and Penology (2d session) 2

Ethnology (2d session) 2

Modern and American Church History 4

UNIVERSITY FELLOWSHIPS

Twenty-four university fellowships have been established, ten-
able for one year, with a possibility of reappointment for reasons
of weight. Applications for fellowships should be addressed to
the President of Columbia College on blank forms provided for
the purpose. The following rules regarding the fellowships have
been established by the University Council :

1 The application shall be made prior to March i, in writing,
addressed to the President of Columbia College. Applications
received later than March i may fail of consideration. The
term of the fellowship is one year, dating from July i. Residence
should begin October i.

2 The candidate must give evidence

(a) Of a liberal education, such as a diploma already
granted, or about to be received, from a college or scientific
school of good repute ;

(b) Of decided fitness for a special line of study, such as
an example of some scientific or literary work already per-
formed ;

3 The value of each fellowship is five hundred dollars. Pay-
ments will be based on the time during which the fellow shall
have been in residence. The holder of a fellowship is exempt
from the charges for tuition.

4 Every holder of a fellowship will be expected to perform
such duties as may be allotted to him in connection with his
course of study, which course will be such as to lead to the
degree of Doctor of Philosophy. He will be expected to devote
his time to the prosecution of special studies under the direction
of the head of the department to which he belongs, and before
the close of the academic year to give evidence of progress by
the preparation of a thesis, the completion of a research, the
delivery of a lecture, or by some other method. He must reside
in New York or vicinity during the academic year.

5 No holder of a fellowship shall be permitted to pursue a
profession or technical course of study during his term. With
the written approval of the President, but not otherwise, he may

SCHOOL OF POLITICAL SCIENCE

give instruction or assistance in any department of the Uni-
versity.

6 No fellow shall be allowed to accept remunerative employ-
ment except by written permission of the President, and the
acceptance of any such employment, without such permission,
shall operate to vacate the fellowship.

7 A fellow may be reappointed at the end of the year for rea-
sons of weight. No fellow may be reappointed for more than
two terms of one year each.

8 As these fellowships are awarded as honors, those who are
disposed, for the benefit of others or for any other reason, to
waive the pecuniary emolument, may do so, and still have their
names retained on the list of fellows.

PRIZES

Prize in Political Economy

An annual prize of $150 for the best essay on some subject
in political economy has been established by Mr. Edwin
R. A. Seligman, of the class of 1879 of the School of Arts.
Competition for the prize is open to all members of the School
of Political Science. The topic selected must be approved
by the faculty, and the essay itself must be not less than twenty
thousand words in length.

James Gordon Bennett Prize in Political Science

A prize of $50, to be given on Commencement Day, has been
established by Mr. James Gordon Bennett. The prize is to be
awarded by the Faculty of Political Science for the best essay in
English prose upon some subject of contemporaneous interest in
the domestic or foreign policy of the United States. The subject
is assigned each year by the Faculty. The competition is open
to Seniors in the School of Arts, whether regular or special
students, and to all students under any of the University Faculties
who have not yet taken the baccalaureate degree in arts, letters,
or philosophy, provided that they take courses amounting to six
hours a week throughout the year in the School of Political
Science. Essays must be submitted to the President on or before

ACADEMY OF POLITICAL SCIENCE.

May i, 1894. If no satisfactory essay is received, no award will
be made. No award will be made for any essay that is defective
in English composition.

ACADEMY OF POLITICAL SCIENCE.

This institution is devoted to the cultivation and advancement
of the political sciences. It is composed mainly of graduates of
Columbia College in the Schools of Law and Political Science,
but any person whose previous studies have fitted him to partici-
pate in the work of the academy is eligible to membership.

Meetings of the academy are held on the first Mondays of each
month. At these meetings papers are read by members present-
ing the results of original investigation by the writers in some
department of political science.

Prize Lectureships

The trustees have established in the School of Political Science
three prize lectureships of the annual value of five hundred dol-
lars each, tenable for three years. The power of appointment is
vested in the faculty. One of these three lectureships becomes
vacant at the close of each academic year. The previous holder
may be reappointed. The conditions of competition are as
follows :

1 The candidate must be a graduate of Columbia College in
the School of Political Science or the School of Law. In the
latter case he must have pursued the curriculum of the School of
Political Science for at least two years.

2 He must be an active member of the Academy of Political
Science.

3 He must have read at least one paper before the Academy
of Political Science during the year next preceding the appoint-
ment.

The duty of the lecturer is to deliver annually, before the stu-
dents of political science, a series of at least twenty lectures, the
result of original investigation.

These prize lectureships will be found especially useful and
welcome to graduates of the school who propose to devote them-
selves to an academic career, and who in this way may acquire

SCHOOL OF POLITICAL SCIENCE

the experience and acquaintance with university methods of
teaching which will stand them in good stead in their future
career.

LIBRARY

The students of the School of Political Science are entitled to
the use, subject to the rules established by the library committee,
of the entire university library. The library is open from 8:30
a.m. to 11 p.m. during term time, and from 8:30 a.m. to 10 p.m.
during the summer vacation. Information concerning the sources
and literature of the political sciences is given in the various courses
of lectures held in the schools.

The special library of political science was begun in 1877, and
it was intended to include the most recent and most valuable
European and American works in this department. Particular
attention is given to providing the material needed for original
investigation. Every journal of importance, American or foreign,
is taken regularly by the library. Any book needed by advanced
students can usually be bought at once.

The library contains at present (March, 1894) about 170,000
volumes. In the department of Political Science there are about
65,000 volumes. The collection is particularly rich in works on
international, constitutional, and administrative law, Roman law
and foreign law, and is growing in these departments at the rate
of several thousand volumes yearly. Another feature is the full
collection of national, state, and local governmental reports and
statistics in the various domains of economic inquiry, especially
labor, finance, charity, poor law, and transportation reports.

Students of history, economics, and public law will find New
York to be a centre of library facilities absolutely unrivalled else-
where in this country. In addition to the University library there
are rich treasures at the Astor Library, Lenox Library, New York
Historical Library, Long Island Historical Library, Library of
the Charity Organization Society, the Bar Association Library,
and the Law Institute Library, to each of which students have
access under favorable conditions. Advanced students of eco-
nomics also have at their disposal the library of the professor of
Political Economy and Finance, which contains the most com-
plete collection of works on political economy to be found in the
United States.

FRIDAY.

History of Political
Theories,
Prof. Dunning.

Historical and Practical
Political Economy,
Prof. Mayo-Smith.

Seminarium in Political
Economy,
Profs. Mayo-Smith
and Seligman.

THURSDAY.

Constitutional History
of Europe and the
United States,
Prof. Osgood.
Prof. Burgess.

Constitutional History
of England,
Prof. Osgood.

Taxation and
Finance,
Prof. Seligman.

WEDNESDAY.

History of Political
Theories,
Prof. Dunning.

Constitutional History
of Europe and the
United States,
Prof. Osgood.
Prof. Burgess.

Historical and Practical
Political Economy,
Prof. Mayo-Smith.

TUESDAY.

History of Political
Theories,
Prof. Dunning.

Constitutional History
of Europe and the
United States,
Prof. Osgood.
Prof. Burgess.

Constitutional History
of England,
Prof. Osgood.

Taxation and
Finance,
Prof. Seligman.

MONDAY.

Physical Geography and
Anthropology,
Dr. Ripley.

Constitutional History
of Europe and the
United States,
Prof. Osgood.
Prof. Burgess.

Historical and Practical
Political Economy,
Prof. Mayo-Smith.

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FRIDAY.

Roman Law,
Prof. Munroe Smith.

History of Diplomacy,
Prof. Moore.

Sociology,
The Family,
Prof. GiDDINGS.

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THURSDAY.

Roman Law,
Prof. Munroe Sm]

History of Diplom;
Prof. Moore.

History of Politic
Economy,
Prof. Seligma>

WEDNESDAY.

United States during
Civil War and Recon-
struction,
Prof. Dunning.

Comparative Constitu-
tional Law,
Dec. to May,
Prof. Burgess.

United States Colonial
History,
Prof. Osgood.

Administrative Law,
Prof. Goodnow.

TUESDAY.

United States during
Civil War and Recon-
struction,
Prof. Dunning.

Comparative Constitu-
tional Law,
Dec. to May,
Prof. Burgess.

History of Political
Economy,
Prof. Seligman.

MONDAY.

Comparative Constitu-
tional Law,
Dec. to May,
Prof. Burgess.

United States Colonial
History,
Prof. Osgood.

Administrative Law,
Prof. Goodnow.

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SCHOOL OF POLITICAL SCIENCE

CALENDAR

1894 — Feb. 12 — Second term begins, Monday.
Feb. 22 — Washington's birthday, Thursday, holiday.
March 23 — Good-Friday, holiday.
May 21 — Concluding examinations begin, Monday.
May 30 — Memorial day, Wednesday, holiday.
June 13 — Commencement, Wednesday.
Sept. 26 — Matriculation and Registration of students

begin, Wednesday.

Oct. 1 — First term, 141st year, begins, Monday.
Nov. 6 — Election day, Tuesday, holiday.

Nov. 29 — Thanksgiving day, Thursday, holiday.

Dec. 24 — Christmas holidays begin, Monday.

1895 — Jan. 5 — Christmas holidays end, Saturday.
Jan. 28 — Mid-year examinations begin, Monday.
Feb. 9 — First term ends, Saturday.

Feb. 11 — Second term begins, Monday.

Feb. 22 — Washington's birthday, Thursday, holiday.

Feb. 27 — Ash-Wednesday, holiday.

April 12 — Good-Friday, holiday.

May 20 — Concluding examinations begin, Monday.

May 30 — Memorial day, Thursday, holiday.

June 12 — Commencement, Wednesday.

Oct. 2 — Matriculation day, Wednesday.

Oct. 7 — First term, i42d year begins, Monday.

in flue mt% of W>w

COURSES

IN THE

School of Political Science

HISTORY, ECONOMICS, AND PUBLIC LAW

UNDER THE CHARGE OF

THE UNIVERSITY FACULTY OF POLITICAL SCIENCE

NOTE

In addition to the courses offered by the Faculty of Polit-
ical Science, Columbia College offers the following:

In the School of Arts :

A four-years' course leading to the degree of A.B.

In the School of Law :

A three-years' course leading to the degree of LL.B.

In the School of Medicine (College of Physicians and Surgeons) :

A four-years' course leading to the degree of M.D.

In the School of Mines :

A four-years' course in Mining Engineering leading to the degree of . M.E.

" " Civil Engineering " " C.E.

" " Electrical Engineering " " E.E.

" " Metallurgy « " Met.E.

" " Geology and Palaeontology " " B.S.
i( (( Analytical and Applied

Chemistry " " B.S.

" " Architecture « " B.S.

The courses detailed in this pamphlet may be taken as
major or minor subjects for the degrees of A.M. and Ph.D.,
and some of them for the degree of A.B. All of them are
elective as part of the requirements for the degree of LL.M.
Other courses leading to the degrees of A.M. and Ph.D. are
given under the various university faculties, especially the
Faculty of Philosophy and the Faculty of Pure Science.

The first-year courses of the School of Law, the School of
Mines, and the College of Physicians and Surgeons are open,
as electives y to Seniors in the School of Arts. Consequently,
such Seniors as may desire to do so can prepare themselves
for advanced standing in these schools by electing these
first-year courses and counting them for the degree of A.B.

Information as to any of the above courses may be had by
addressing the Secretary of the President, Columbia College.

All the schools and departments of Columbia College are
at Madison Avenue and 49th St., with the exception of the
Department of Biology and the Medical School, which are at
Tenth Avenue and 59th St.

CONTENTS

PAGE

University Faculty of Political Science i

Other Officers i

General Statement 3

Purposes of the School 3

Admission and Registration 4

Admission to Other Courses 5

Admission to Candidacy for a Degree ... 6

Fees 8

Committee on Aid for Students .... 8
Degrees of Master of Arts and Doctor of Philosophy 9
Regulations of the University Council ... 9
Supplemental Regulations of the Faculty of Political

Science 13

Specific Requirements of Study . . . .16
Political Science and Law . . . . . .17

In General 17

Requirements for the Degree of Master of Laws . 18

Social Science 20

Course of Study and Research . . . . .20

Seminaria 20

History and Political Philosophy . . . .21
Public Law and Comparative Jurisprudence . .27
Economics and Social Science . . . . .32
Order of Studies ........ 40

University Fellowships 42

Prizes .......... 43

Prize in Political Economy . .... .43

James Gordon Bennett Prize 43

Medal of the National Society ... . 44

Academy of Political Science 45

Prize Lectureships 45

Library .......... 46

Hours of Lectures 48

Calendar . . . . . , . , . 51

iii

UNIVERSITY FACULTY OF POLITICAL SCIENCE

Seth Low, LL.D., President
John W. Burgess, Ph.D., LL.D 323 West 57th St.

Professor of History, Political Science, and Constitutional Law
Dean of the Faculty

Richmond Mayo-Smith, Ph.D 305 West 77th St.

Professor of Political Economy and Social Science

Munroe Smith, A.M., J.U.D. 115th St., near Riverside Drive

Professor of Roman Law and Comparative Jurisprudence

Frank J. Goodnow, A.M., LL.B 25 West 74th St.

Professor of Administrative Law
Secretary of the Faculty

Edwin R. A. Seligman, LL.B., Ph.D.* 40 West 71st St.

Professor of Political Economy and Finance

Herbert L. Osgood, Ph.D 545 West 149th St.

Adjunct Professor of History

William A. Dunning, Ph.D 70 Hanson Place, Brooklyn

Adjunct Professor of History and Political Philosophy

John Basset Moore, A.B 24 Locust St., Flushing, L. I.

Hamilton Fish Professor of International Law and Diplomacy

Franklin H. Giddings, A.M 150 West 79th St.

Professor of Sociology

John B. Clark, Ph.D Columbia College

Professor of Political Economy

A. C. Bernheim, LL.B., Ph.D 12 East 65th St.

Lecturer on the Political History of the State and City of New York

OTHER OFFICERS.

Frederic Bancroft, Ph.D., Metropolitan Club, Washing-
ton, D.C.

Prize Lecturer, 1892-95, on American History.

* Professor Seligman will probably be absent on leave during 1 895-96. Pro-
vision, however, will be made in that case for his courses.

William Z. Ripley, Ph.D Columbia College

Prize Lecturer 1893-96, on Physical Geography and Anthropology

George Louis Beer, A.M 38 Manhattan Square, South

Prize Lecturer 1894-97, on European History

Arthur M. Day, A.M. .East Side House, Foot East 76th St.

Assistant in Economics

Robert Senftner Columbia College

Registrar

GENERAL STATEMENT

Purposes of the School

The School of Political Science is under the direction of
the University Faculty of Political Science, and has charge
of the university courses of study and research in history,
economics, and public law.

The School of Political Science was opened on Monday,
the fourth day of October, 1880.

In its course of instruction it undertakes to give a com-
plete general view of all the subjects of public polity, both
internal and external, from the threefold point of view of
history, law, and philosophy. The prime aim is therefore
the development of all the branches of the political and
social sciences. The secondary and practical objects are:

a To fit young men for all the political branches of the
public service.

b To give an adequate economic and legal training to
those who intend to make journalism their profession.

c To supplement, by course in public law and compar-
ative jurisprudence, the instruction in private municipal law
offered by the Faculty of Law.

d To educate teachers of political and social science.

To these ends courses of study are offered of sufficient
duration to enable the student not only to attend the lectures
and recitations with the professors, but also to consult the
most approved treatises upon the political sciences and to
study the sources of the same.

Young men who wish to obtain positions in the United
States Civil Service — especially in those positions in the

SCHOOL OF POLITICAL SCIENCE

Department of State and the Department of the Interior for
which special examinations are held — will find it advan-
tageous to follow many of the courses under the Faculty of
Political Science. Some of the subjects upon which appli-
cants for these positions are examined are treated very fully
in the curriculum of the school. Thus, extended courses of
lectures are given on political geography and history, diplo-
matic history and international law, government, statistics,
finance, and administration.

Admission and Registration

Admission to the School of Political Science is ordinarily
granted to students who have completed the curriculum of
some college in good standing at least to the close of the
Junior Year. Other persons of suitable age and attainments
may also be admitted, to pursue special or partial courses
with the consent of the dean and of the instructor. There
are no formal examinations for admission. Applications for
admission are received at any time by the Secretary; but it
is generally advisable that they be presented, if possible, at
the beginning of the academic year.

An application for admission may be made by filling out
and depositing a registration blank at the office of the dean
of the Faculty of Political Science, or at such other place as
may be designated, from time to time, for the purpose of
registration.

On depositing the registration blank, the student receives
a certificate from the officer in charge of registration, and
must present this certificate to the Treasurer, from whom
he receives a matriculation card, after payment of the
matriculation and tuition fees. This matriculation card
must be shown to the officer in charge of registration, from
whom the student then receives a registration book, which
entitles him to attend the lectures in the School of Political
Science, and which must be shown to each professor or
other instructor at the beginning of each course of lectures.

Every applicant for admission is expected to register at
the beginning of each academic year of his membership in

in tUt ©ittj of H^xxr ^jorfc

DEPARTMENT OF HISTORY.

Changes in the Announcements for 1895-96.

James Harvey Robinson Ph. D. will become a member of the
Faculty of Political Science as Professor of History.

The following Courses will be given in addition to those an-
nounced in the Circular of the School :

Introduction to Modern European History: The Middle Ages
or the Renaissance. Two hours a week, first session. Prof.
Robinson.

The Earlier Phases of the Reformation and the Beginning
of the Catholic Reaction : The Sixteenth Century to the
Peace of Augsburg. Two hours a week, second session. Prof.
Robinson.

Europe and the French Revolution, 1 789-1 801. Two hours
a week, first session. Prof. Robinson.

Europe and Napoleon , 1801-1815. Two hours a week , second
session. Prof. Robinson.

Europe from the Peace of Augsburg to the Peace of West-
phalia (1555-1648) [1896-97].

The Period of Louis XIV and the Antecedents of the French
Revolution [1896-97].

The Development of Prussia under the Hohenzollern Dynasty
and the Unification of Germany (1416-1871) [1896-97].

The Sources of Eater Mediaeval and of Modern Continental
History — Methods of Historical Study [1896-97].

History 6. The General Constitutional History of Europe,
will be discontinued.

The Seminarium in Modern European History will be given
by Prof. Robinson.

History 26. General History of Political Theories, will be
given two hours a week instead of three.

4-19-95-10000.

in t\tt ©its of ^ovh

UNIVERSITY SCHOLARSHIPS.

There have been established by the Trustees of Columbia
College thirty University Scholarships, to be awarded annually
to students in the University Faculties of Political Science,
Philosophy and Pure Science. These Scholarships are awarded
under the following regulations, prepared by the authority of
the University Council and with its approval :

1. The University Scholarships are open to all graduates of
colleges and scientific schools whose course of study has been
such as to entitle them to be enrolled at Columbia as candidates
for a university degree. (See Catalogue of 1894-5, pp. 119 and
120).

2. These Scholarships are tenable for one academic year,
with a possibility of renewal for one year longer. They are of
an annual value of $150 each.

3. Payments will be made to University Scholars in two
equal instalments ; one on October first, and one on February
first. University Scholars will be required to pay all of the
fees established for matriculation, tuition and graduation.

4. Applications for University Scholarships should be made
in writing, on blanks that will be furnished for the purpose,
and addressed to the President of Columbia College. For the
Scholarships to be awarded in the spring, applications should
be filed not later than May first. No application for a Uni-
versity Scholarship will be required from an applicant for a
University Fellowship. Should a Scholarship be awarded to
an unsuccessful applicant for a Fellowship, the only information
required from the candidate will be that contained in the formal
application for the latter honor.

5. Not more than twenty of the University Scholarships
will be awarded by the University Council at its regular meeting
in May. The award will be made after applications have been
examined and recommendations made by the standing com-
mittee on University Fellowships. In making these recom-
mendations the committee will give preference to those can-
didates for University Fellowships who have failed of appoint-
ment by the University Council after having been recommended
for the same by any faculty or department.

6. At least ten University Scholarships will be reserved to
be filled in the autumn, and applications for the same will be
received up to October first.

7. University Scholars will be required to enroll themselves
as candidates for a degree and to pursue a regular course of
study leading thereto.

4-19-95-10000.

GENERAL STATEMENT

the school, on the Wednesday preceding the first Monday in
October. A student who enters on his studies after the be-
ginning of the academic year must register at the office of
the dean of the School of Political Science at the time of
his entering on his studies.

A student is counted as a full member of the School only
from the date of issue of the registration book, and during
the period of his being actually engaged in his studies as a
resident in the school.

Every student is required to file a list of his studies for
the academic year at the time he registers, with the officer
in charge of the registration, or within one week thereafter,
at the office of the dean. If he subsequently wishes to
make any change in his studies he must file written notice of
his wish at the dean's office and must obtain the assent of
the dean.

Immediate written notice must be given to the dean of any
change of address.

Admission to the School of Political Science does not imply
admission to candidacy for a degree. The conditions of
candidacy for the several degrees are given below.

Admission to Other Courses

Any duly matriculated student in the School of Political
Science is at liberty to attend courses offered by the School
of Arts or by the University Faculties of Philosophy, Law,
Medicine, Mines (Applied Science), and Pure Science with-
out any additional fee.

Undergraduate studies of particular value to students in
this School are as follows :

Hours per week

Outline of Mediaeval History (ist term) ... 2
Outline of Modern History (2d term) ... 2

Outline of European History since 18 15 (ist term) . 2

Roman History ( 1 st term) 2

American History (ist term) 2

English History (2d term) 2

Elements of Political Economy (2d term) ... 2
Economic History (ist term) 2

SCHOOL OF POLITICAL SCIENCE

Among the cognate courses given by the Faculty of Phi-
losophy are:

History of philosophy, 2 hours a week; ethics, 2 hours a
week; biological anthropology, 2 hours a week; readings in
Gaius and Ulpian, 1 hour a week ; readings in Anglo-Saxon
law; courses in Norman French, in the various modern
languages, and others.

Students enrolled either in the General, in the Union, or in
the Jewish, Theological Seminary, in the City of New York,
who may be designated for the privilege by the authorities
of those institutions, and accepted by the President of Colum-
bia College, are admitted to the courses offered by the
Faculty of Political Science free of charge for tuition.

By the terms of an alliance between Columbia College and
the Teachers' College, at Morningside Heights, duly quali-
fied students of the Teachers' College are permitted to enter
courses offered by the Faculty of Political Science either as
candidates for degrees or as special students.

All of these institutions offer reciprocal privileges to
students of Columbia College.

Admission to Candidacy for a Degree

Students are received as candidates for the degree of
Bachelor of Arts, Master of Arts, Master of Laws or Doctor
of Philosophy.

If the applicant is a candidate for a degree, he must file a
certificate of his completion of the Junior year in some col-
lege of good standing, or if he holds a degree from any in-
stitution he must file evidence of such degree. Blanks for
this purpose may be secured at the dean's office. Certifi-
cates of graduation or dismission from institutions of learn-
ing in foreign countries are also accepted. The certificates
should be accompanied by catalogues or calendars of the col-
leges or other institutions of advanced grade at which the
student has previously studied, which must be marked so as
to show clearly his course of study there. This condition
may be dispensed with in the case of those colleges and in-
stitutions whose bachelor's degree is recognized by the

GENERAL STATEMENT

University Council as a basis for the higher degree. For a
list of such colleges see page 9,

Candidates for the degree of Bachelor of Arts are required
to pursue courses of instruction amounting in all to not less
than fifteen hours of attendance per week for one year, and
must conform to such requirements regarding a graduation
thesis as are established for members of the Senior Class in
the School of Arts. Their selection of studies is not confined
to those in this faculty. Students may pursue courses
offered by the Faculty of Philosophy or the Faculty of Pure
Science, or the first year course in the School of Law or the
School of Medicine, and count the same as part of the re-
quirements for the bachelor's degree. Law students, for
example, may thus take their bachelor's degree and so
shorten by one year the time which otherwise would be
necessary for the attainment of degrees in both arts and law.

Candidates for the degrees of Master of Arts and Doctor
of Philosophy must hold a bachelor's degree from some col-
lege in good standing and continue their studies for not less
than one and two years respectively. They are required to
pursue courses of study and research in one major and two
minor subjects. For a -further statement see the regulations
for University Degrees, pages 11 to 16.

The period of study above indicated for the attainment of
the degree of Doctor of Philosophy is a minimum period.
In most cases candidates for this degree have found it neces-
sary to devote three years after the attainment of the bacca-
laureate degree to the work required for the doctorate.

Candidates for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy who
have been in residence at other universities are given credit
for the same. But no student can be a candidate for any
degree unless he has been in residence at Columbia College
at least one term.

For the degree of Master of Laws see pages 18 to 20.

Students may present themselves for examination for a
degree at any time during the year whenever the require-
ments as to residence and an essay or dissertation have been
complied with.

SCHOOL OF POLITICAL SCIENCE

Fees

The matriculation fee is $5. This is not payable annually,
but only at the commencement of the student's connection
with the university.

The annual tuition fee for every candidate for a degree is
$150, payable in two equal instalments in October and Feb-
ruary. For the degree of Master of Arts the maximum fee
is $150; for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy the maxi-
mum fee is $300. The fee for students not candidates for a
degree is calculated at the rate of $15 a year for each hour
of attendance per week upon university exercises with a
maximum fee of $150. In every case the fee covers the
specified number of hours throughout the year — no student
being received for a less period than one year. Such fees,
when • not more than one hundred dollars, are payable in
advance; otherwise in half-yearly instalments at the same
time as regular fees.

Examination fees are as follows: for the degree of
Bachelor of Arts, fifteen dollars; for the degree of Master
of Arts or Master of Laws, twenty-five dollars; for the
degree of Doctor of Philosophy, thirty-five dollars ; for exam-
inations at unusual times, such as second examinations, five
dollars. The examination fee must in each case be paid
before the candidate presents himself for examination for
the degree.

Holders of university and other fellowships are exempt
from the payment for all fees.

Committee on Aid for Students

The University Council has constituted a standing Com-
mittee on Aid for Students. It is the design of the Commit-
tee to put students desiring to work their way through col-
lege, especially those coming from elsewhere than New York
or the immediate vicinity, in the way of earning enough for
their partial or complete support, or if possible to extend
assistance to them in other ways, while they are pursuing
their studies here. It is believed that many opportunities
may be offered to students of this class if the fact of their

MASTER OF ARTS AND DOCTOR OF PHILOSOPHY 9

desire to obtain employment is made known. Some of the
openings likely to be available are : private tutoring, trans-
lating, copying of various sorts, Reaching in evening schools,
university extension lecturing, typewriting, selling text
books. All communications should be addressed to the
Committee.

DEGREES OF MASTER OF ARTS AND DOCTOR
OF PHILOSOPHY

Regulations as to the Degrees of Master of Arts and
Doctors of Philosophy Established by the
University Council

:. Candidates for the degrees of Master of Arts and Doctor of Philosophy must

either

A. Hold the degree of Bachelor of Arts from one of the

below :

Allegheny,

Cornell,

Amherst,

Cornell University

Antioch,

Cumberland University,

Augustana,

Dalhousie,

Bates,

Dartmouth,

Beloit,

Denison University,

Boston University,

De Pauw University,

Bowdoin,

Dickinson,

Brown University,

Doane,

Bryn Mawr,

Earlham,

Buchtel,

Franklin and Marshall,

Bucknell,

Georgia, University of,

California, University of,

Georgetown (D. C),

Carleton,

Hamilton,

Centre,

Harvard,

Chicago, University of,

Haverford,

Cincinnati, University of,

Hiram,

Clark University,

Hobart,

Colby University,

Holy Cross,

Colgate University,

Illinois,

Colorado, University of,

Illinois, University of,

Columbia,

Indiana, University of,

io SCHOOL OF POLITICAL SCIENCE

Iowa College,

bmitn,

Iowa, State University of,

St. Francis Xavier,

Johns Hopkins University

St. Lawrence University,

Kansas, University of,

bt. Stephens,

Kenyon,

St. Xavier (Cincinnati),

Knox,

South, University of,

Lafayette,

Swarthmore,

Lehigh University,

Syracuse University,

Leland Stanford, Jr., University,

Texas, University of,

Marietta,

Toronto, University of,

McGill University,

Trinity,

Miami University,

1 UIlS,

Michigan, University of,

Tulane University of Louisiana!

Middlebury,

Union,

Minnesota, University of,

Ursinus,

Mississippi, University of,

Vanderbilt University,

Missouri, University of,

Vassar,

Mt. Union,

Vermont, University of,

Nebraska, University of,

Victoria, University of,

New Brunswick, University of,

Virginia, University of,

New York, College of the City of,

Washburn,

New York, University of the City of,

Washburn (Ind.),

North Carolina, University of,

Washington University (Mo.),

North Dakota, University of,

Washington and Jefferson,

Northwestern University,

Wellesley,

Uberlm,

Wesleyan University (Ct.),

Ohio State University,

Western Reserve University,

Ohio Wesleyan University,

Western University of Pennsylvania,

Oregon, University of,

Williams,

Pennsylvania, University of,

Wisconsin, University of,

Princeton,

Wittenberg,

Radcliffe,

Woman's College, Baltimore,

Rochester, University of,

Wooster, University of,

Rutgers,

Yale University,

Seton Hall,

B. Hold the degree of Ph.B., B.S.. or B.L., from an institution which requires
for that degree at least the following subjects of instruction : Latin to include at
least the ability to read easy Latin at sight and to write easy Latin prose ; history
and political economy, for at least two years ; logic and psychology, for at least one
year ; English language and literature, for at least two years ; French and German,
so far as the ability to read easy prose at sight.

C. Candidates who are not able to meet the requirements mentioned under A
or B, will only be admitted to candidacy for the degree of A.M., and Ph.D., by
special vote of the University Council.

It is further provided that candidates for these degrees, when they are taken in

MASTER OF ARTS AND DOCTOR OF PHILOSOPHY II

science and based upon a preparatory scientific training only, are required to pursue,
for not less than one year, a minor subject under the direction of either the Faculty
of Philosophy or the Faculty of Political Science.

2 Each student who declares himself a candidate for the
degrees of Master of Arts and Doctor of Philosophy, or either
of them, shall, immediately upon registration, designate one
principal or major subject and two subordinate or minor sub-
jects, which, when approved by the proper faculty, shall be
the studies of his university course. Should the subjects
designated by the candidate fall within the jurisdiction of
more than one University Faculty, the candidate's selection
must receive the sanction of the President before it is recorded.

3 Candidates for the degrees of Master of Arts and Doctor
of Philosophy, or either of them, must pursue their studies
under the direction of the professors and other officers of
instruction in charge of the subjects selected by the candi-
dates as major and minor, attending such lectures as may be
designated, and performing faithfully such other work in
connection therewith as may from time to time be prescribed.

4 Students desiring to be examined as candidates for any
degree must make written application for such examination
to the dean of the proper faculty, on blank forms provided
for the purpose.

5 Each candidate for the degree of Master of Arts, in
addition to passing satisfactory examination on prescribed
portions of the subject selected by him as major and minor,
shall present an essay on some topic previously approved by
the professor in charge of his major subject. Before the
candidate is admitted to examination, the professor in charge
of his major subject must have signified his approval of such
essay.

6 Each candidate for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy,
in addition to passing satisfactory examinations on the sub-
jects selected by him as major and minor, shall present a dis-
sertation embodying the result of original investigation and
research, on some topic previously approved by the faculty.
When such dissertation has been approved by the faculty, it
shall be printed by the candidate and one hundred and fifty

SCHOOL OF POLITICAL SCIENCE

copies shall be delivered to the faculty. On the title-page of
every such dissertation shall be printed the words: " Sub-
mitted in partial fulfilment of the requirements for the
degree of Doctor of Philosophy, in the University Faculty

of , Columbia College." There shall be appended to

each dissertation a statement of the educational institutions
that the author has attended, a list of the degrees and honors
conferred upon him, as well as the titles of any previous
publications.

7 Every candidate for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy,
in addition to passing such other examinations as may be
required by the faculty, shall be subjected to an oral exam-
ination on his major subject and shall defend his disserta-
tion, in the presence of the entire faculty or of so many of
its members as may desire to attend. The ability to read at
sight, to be certified by the Dean of the Faculty under which
the candidate takes his major subject, two or all of the fol-
lowing languages — Latin, French, and German — as such
faculty may determine, will also be required.

8 Students holding college degrees, who shall have com-
pleted with marked distinction the entire course of the
School of Law, the School of Medicine, or the School of
Mines, may be recommended, by the faculty of the school in
which they have studied, for the degree of Master of Arts;
provided that in each case the candidate present a satisfac-
tory dissertation, and that at least a part of the extra work
required of him for the degree of Master of Arts be taken
under the direction of either the Faculty of Philosophy or
the Faculty of Political Science to the extent of a minor
course for not less than one year.

9 The degree of Doctor of Philosophy, when taken in
science and based upon a preparatory scientific training only,
is subject to the same conditions as those imposed by section
8 upon candidates for the degree of Master of Arts in the
schools of Law, Medicine, and Mines.

MASTER OF ARTS AND DOCTOR OF PHILOSOPHY 13

Supplemental Regulations of the University Faculty of
Political Science

1 Candidates for the degrees of Bachelor of Arts, Master
of Arts, and Doctor of Philosophy, or any of them, will be
admitted to the courses under the control of the Faculty of
Political Science, subject to the conditions prescribed by the
statutes of the college and by this faculty.

2 Candidates for a degree who desire to take all or a part
of their studies under the direction of this faculty, must
have successfully pursued a course of undergraduate study
in the School of Arts, or in some other college maintaining
an equivalent course of study, to the close of the junior
year. Every such case of equivalence shall be considered
on its own merits.

3 The course of study shall embrace instruction in the
following groups of subjects:

Group I — History and Political Philosophy

A. European History; B. American History; C. Political
Philosophy.

Group II — Public Law and Comparative Jurisprudence
A. Constitutional Law; B. International Law; C. Crim-
inal Law; D. Administrative Law; E. Comparative Juris-
prudence.

Group III — Economics and Social Science

A. Political Economy and Finance; B. Sociology and
Statistics.

4 Members of the senior class in the School of Arts shall
be entitled to elect any of the courses offered by this faculty
year by year, subject to the regulations prescribed by the
faculty of that school.

5 Students who shall satisfactorily complete a selection
of the courses referred to in section 4, amounting in all to
fifteen hours per week, shall be qualified, on examination
and the recommendation of the faculty with the concurrence
of the Faculty of Arts to receive the degree of Bachelor of
Arts.

SCHOOL OF POLITICAL SCIENCE

6 Students who shall satisfactorily complete a selection
of the courses referred to in section 4, amounting in all to
less than fifteen hours per week (the remaining portion of
the prescribed number of hours having been taken under the
direction of another faculty), shall, after examination, be en-
titled, with the concurrence of such other faculty or facul-
ties, with the consent of the President, and with the further
consent of the Faculty of Arts, to receive the degree of
Bachelor of Arts.

7 Referring to section 2 of the regulations prescribed by
the University Council —

In the Faculty of Political Science the term 1 'subject"
shall be held to mean any one of the several subjects of in-
struction specified under groups I., II., and III. in section
3. No candidate for a degree may select more than two of
his subjects from any one group, and he must attend at least
one seminarium. The selection of subjects made by any
candidate for a degree shall be approved by the dean on be-
half of the faculty.

8 Immediately on registration each student shall be
given a registration book, on which shall be inscribed the
name of the student and the date of his enrollment or regis-
tration. In this registration book the student shall enter, at
the beginning of each academic year or session, the subjects
or titles of the several courses of lectures or seminarium
work which he proposes to follow. At the opening exercise
of every such course, or so soon thereafter as may be pos-
sible, the student shall present to the professor or instructor
in charge his registration book, in order that such professor
or instructor may enter therein his name and the date of the
opening of the course. At the close of every such course
followed by the student, the professor or instructor in
charge shall again enter in the registration book his name
and the date of the closing of the course, if the student has
faithfully attended the same and performed all the duties re-
quired of him in connection therewith. At the time of fil-
ing his application to be examined for the degrees of Master
of Arts and Doctor of Philosophy, or either of them, every

MASTER OF ARTS AND DOCTOR OF PHILOSOPHY 15

candidate must present to the dean his registration book
properly signed and dated, as above prescribed, by the pro-
fessors or instructors in charge of the several courses which
he may have attended, as evidence that he is properly en-
titled to examination for a degree.

9 Referring to section 4 of the regulations prescribed by
the University Council —

Applications to be examined for the degrees of Master of
Arts or Doctor of Philosophy must be made on or before
April 1 of the academic year in which the examination is
desired.

10 Referring to section 5 of the regulations prescribed
by the University Council —

The essay required of every candidate for the degree of
Master of Arts must be in the form of a paper read during
the year before the seminarium of which he is a member.

11 Referring to section 6 of the regulations prescribed
by the University Council — ■

In the Faculty of Political Science the power to approve
the subjects chosen for his dissertation by any candidate for
the degree of Doctor of Philosophy, as well as the power to
approve the dissertation itself, shall be delegated to the pro-
fessor in charge of the candidate's major subject. The dis-
sertation must be submitted not later than April 1st of the
academic year in which the examination for the degree is
desired.

12 Referring to section 7 of the regulations prescribed
by the University Council —

The oral examination of the candidate in presence of the
faculty shall include the minor subjects as well as the major
subject; and the examinations upon all these subjects shall
be held at the same time. The candidates shall also be re-
quired to read at sight Latin, French, and German. These
examinations may be held with the consent of the dean and
the professor in charge of the candidate's major subject be-
fore the printed dissertation is submitted.

13 Students who are not candidates for a degree shall be
permitted to pursue such selection of courses, from among

1 6 SCHOOL OF POLITICAL SCIENCE

those offered by the Faculty of Political Science, as they
may be found qualified to enter upon, and the faculty may
approve. The qualifications of such students shall be de-
termined by the professors in charge of the courses selected
by them.

14 All applications to pursue courses of study, whether
as candidates for a degree or otherwise, either wholly or in
part under the direction of this faculty, shall be made in
writing to the dean on blank forms prepared for the purpose.

Specific Requirements of Study for the Degrees of Mas-
ter of Arts and Doctor of Philosophy

Candidates for the degrees of Master of Arts or Doctor of
Philosophy must take the following courses:

For A.M. minor. Any course or courses aggregating two
hours per week through the year, which has not
already been taken for the bachelor's degree.

For AcM. major. Any courses aggregating two hours per
week which has not already been taken for the
bachelor's degree; together with the seminarium.

For Ph.D. minor. In addition to the requirements for the
A.M. minor, courses aggregating two hours per
week.

For Ph.D. major. All the courses and the seminaria in the
major subject.

Candidates offering European History as the major subject
must offer American History as a minor, and vice versa.

Candidates offering Political Economy and Finance as the
major subject, must offer Sociology and Statistics as a minor,
and vice versa.

Candidates will not be permitted to offer Constitutional
Law alone as the Ph.D. major, but must combine with it the
course on General International Law, or on Comparative
Administrative Law.

Candidates offering International Law, or Criminal Law,
or Administrative Law as the major subject must take Con-
stitutional Law as a minor.

UNLVERSITY FACULTY OF
POLITICAL SCIENCE

COURSES IN SOCIOLOGY

ANNOUNCEMENT

FOR

1895-I896

mar-95-ioooo

General Statement.

It is becoming more and more apparent that industrial and
social progress is bringing the modern community face to face
with social questions of the greatest magnitude, the solution
of which will demand the best scientific study and the most
honest practical endeavor. The term sociology includes a
large number of the subjects which are most seriously inter-
esting men at the present time. The effective treatment of
social problems demands that they be dealt with both theo-
retically and concretely. A college located in the country
must study these subjects in the abstract. Columbia deems
it her duty, and her wisdom alike, to avail herself of the
singular opportunities for practical work in this direction
afforded to her by her location in the City of New York, and
has, therefore, created ample facilities for University study
in sociology, and for bringing it into connection with the
practical social work of this city.

The University Faculty of Political Science offers a wide
range of instruction in the cognate branches of social science,
such as Political Economy, Political Science, Statistics, Fi-
nance, Administrative and Constitutional Law, and History.
The Trustees have recently added to the staff a Professor of
Sociology, whose function it is to develop the theoretical
teaching of sociology, and to direct students in practical
sociological work. This newly established chair provides
for a thorough study of philosophical or general sociology
and of practical or concrete social questions in their relation
to sociological principles. General sociology is the natural
history and natural philosophy of society. It is a scientific

study of society as a whole, a search for its causes, for the
laws of its structure and growth, and for a rational view of
its purpose, function, meaning, or destiny. This leads up to
the more particular study of the phenomena of modern popu-
lations and of their concentration in great cities. Of such phe-
nomena none are of greater concern from either the theoretical
or the practical point of view than the growth and character-
istics of the dependent, defective, and delinquent classes.
Special courses of instruction are offered therefore on
Pauperism, Poor Laws, Methods of Charity, Crime, Penology,
and Social Ethics.

It is in the city that the problems of poverty, of mendi-
cancy, of intemperance, of unsanitary surroundings, and of
debasing social influences are met in their most acute form.
Hence the city is the natural laboratory of social science.
Here also are to be found the most extensive and modern
experiments and efforts towards controlling and remedying
these evils. Here the student can observe how far vice, pov-
erty, and crime are due to bad economic conditions, how far
to neglected moral training, how far simply to the social
struggle for life. He can observe also how far the remedial
measures are efficient and in what respects they seem to fail.
Such study emphasizes all that is taught by theory, and like
"field work" in natural science it trains the faculties of ob-
servation and makes the subject "real." While, therefore,
the University now offers extensive courses of instruction
covering the whole field of social science, the student at the
same time is afforded valuable opportunities for practical work
and observation under the auspices of science and the best
practice. One side will be used to aid and supplement the
other. All practical work should afford material for science;
all scientific work should enlighten practice.

Officers of Instruction.

The teaching of sociology is assigned to the University
Faculty of Political Science. All the subjects taught by this
Faculty have a direct interest, for the student of sociology.

The officers of instruction particularly concerned in the work
of sociology are as follows:

Richmond Mayo-Smith, Ph.D.

Professor of Political Economy and Social Science.
Edwin R. A. Seligman, Ph.D.*

Professor of Political Economy and Finance.
Franklin H. Giddings, A.M.

Professor of Sociology.
John B. Clark, Ph.D.

Professor of Political Economy.
Arthur M. Day, A.M.

Assistant in Political Economy.
William Z. Ripley, Ph.D.

Lecturer on Physical Geography and Anthropology.

♦Professor Seligman will probably be absent on leave during the year 1895-96. Pro-
vision, however, will be made in that case for his courses.

The Scope of the Work.

The work in sociology falls under three heads, viz. : the
University courses of instruction in the various departments
of social science, the work in the statistical laboratory, and
the "field work," or practical work in connection with the
Charity Organization Society, the State Charities Aid Asso-
ciation, various public departments, the Brooklyn Bureau of
Charities, the University Settlement Society of New York
City, and the East Side House.

The Courses of Instruction.

The courses of instruction are divided into three groups,
principal, special, and related. They are as follows:

Principal.

1 The Principles of Sociology: Professor Giddings

2 The Evolution of the Family: Professor Giddings

3 Pauperism, Poor Laws, and Methods of Charity: Pro-
fessor Giddings

4 The Principles of Criminology and Penology: Professor
Giddings

5 The Theory and Practice of Statistics : Professor Mayo-
Smith

6 Historical and Practical Political Economy: Professor
Mayo-Smith

7 Economic Theory: Professor Clark

8 The Social Effects of Taxation : Professor Seligman

9 Physical Geography and Anthropology: Doctors Ripley
and Farrand

10 Seminarium in Sociology: Professor Giddings

11 Work in the Statistical Laboratory: Professor Mayo-
Smith

12 Seminarium in Political Economy and Finance: Professors
Seligman and Clark

Special.

13 History of Social-Economic Theories: Professor Selig-
man

14 Social and Industrial History of the United States :
Professor Seligman

15 Private Ethics and Relation to Social Reform : Dr.

Hyslop

16 Communistic and Socialistic Theories : Professor Clark

17 The Principles of Administrative Law: Professor Good-

NOW

18 Corporation Problems (1896-97): Professor Seligman

Related.

19 Primitive Institutions (Evolution of law and custom) :
Professor Munroe Smith

20 Political and Constitutional History of Europe and the
United States: Professors Burgess and Osgood

21 Political Philosophy: Professor Dunning

22 History of Philosophy: Professor Butler

23 Principles of Education : Professor Butler

24 Psychology: Professor Cattell and Dr. Farrand

Description of Courses.

General Sociology. — This is the fundamental course, in which
a foundation is laid for more advanced and special work in
theoretical and practical sociology. It includes four parts:
(i), The History of Sociological Theory since Comte, and
the conception and definition of sociology as a science. (2),
Descriptive Sociology, dealing with the analysis and classifi-
cation of social phenomena. A society is described in eth-
nographic terms as a subdivision of the population of the
earth, which has a territorial or ethnical ground of unity,
and develops its own distinctive culture and organization.
(3), Historical Sociology, tracing the natural evolution of
social activities and arrangements from their beginnings. (4),
Explanatory Sociology, presenting the causes and laws of the
natural evolution of society so far as they are yet apparent.
Particular attention is given through the course to the rela-
tions of sociology to economic and to political theory. — Two
hours a week, Friday, 2.30 to 4.30, first term : Professor
Giddings.

The Evolution of the Family. — The family is the unitary
group in human society. The study of its organization and
history is of the same importance for the sociologist that the
study of cell structure and differentiation is for the biologist.
The investigations of Bachofen, Morgan, Maine, and Mac-
Lennan into the origins of marriage, kinship, household
organization, and clan relationships, stimulated sociological
research as nothing else has ever done. The course on the
evolution of the family presents the results of these researches,
reviewing the literature and discussing some of the more im-
portant problems, such as those of the early forms of mar-
riage, the relation of the family to the clan and the tribe, the
status of women and children, and the like. These studies
lead up to an examination of the family in modern society,
in country and city, under various conditions of nationality,
residence, occupation, density of population, sanitary sur-
roundings, education, and religion. In conclusion, the in-
crease of divorce is considered, in its causes and consequences,

and in its relation to public opinion arid legislation. — Two
hours a week, Friday, 2.30 to 4.30, second term: Professor
Giddings.

Pauperism, Poor Laws, and Charities. — The foundation of this
course is a careful study of the English poor law; its history,
practical working, and consequences. On this foundation is
built a study of pauperism in general, but especially as it
may now be observed in great cities. The laws of the dif-
ferent commonwealths in regard to paupers, out-relief, alms-
houses, dependent children, are compared. Finally the
special modern methods of public and private philanthropy
are considered, with particular attention to charity organi-
zation, the restriction of out-door alms, and the reclamation
of children. — Two hours a week, Monday and Wednesday at
1.30, first term: Professor Giddings.

Crime and Penology. — This course comprises a special study
of the sociological problems of crime and penology. It takes
up in order the nature and definitions of crime, the increase
of crime in its modern forms, criminal anthropology — the
physical and psychological characteristics of the criminal
type — the social causes of crime, surroundings, parental
neglect, education, the question of responsibility, historical
methods of punishment, the history of efforts to reform
prison methods, modern methods, the solitary system, the
Elmira system, classification of criminals, classes of prisons,
reformatories, and jails. — Two hours a week, Monday and
Wednesday at 1.30, second term: Professor Giddings.

The Theory and Practice of Statistics. — The science of sta-
tistics is looked upon as the instrument of investigation in
sociology. It teaches us how to comprehend social phenom-
ena^and how to measure the action of social forces. This
course deals with the general statistics of population under
such topics as race, nationality, sex, age, conjugal condition,
density, births, deaths, marriages, occupation, religion, edu-
cation, migration, economic condition, suicide, vice, crime,
and the like. Finally are considered the theory of statistics,
methods of observation, the value of the results obtained, the
doctrine of free will, and the possibility of discovering social
laws. — Two hours a week, Monday and Wednesday at 4.30:
Professor Mayo-Smith.

Historical and Practical Political Economy. — The student of
sociology must be thoroughly trained in political economy,
for all social questions are more or less connected with eco-
nomic conditions and cannot be solved without reference to
economic principles. Students are supposed to be familiar
with the general principles of political economy and the out-
lines of economic history. This course describes present
economic institutions and discusses present economic ques-
tions, with special reference to the condition of modern
society. — Three hours a week, Monday and Wednesday at
3.30, Friday at 1.30: Professor Mayo-Smith.

Economic Theory. — This course treats especially of the laws
of distribution. It treats of the influences that fix the rates
of wages and profits, and analyzes the mechanism of social
industry. It gives attention to influences that change the
structure and functions of industrial society, and discusses
the laws of economic progress. — Two hours a week, Tuesday
and Thursday at 1.30: Professor Clark.

The Social Effects of Taxation. — This course has to deal with
the function, the nature, and the limits of taxation ; with the
laws of incidence and shifting; with a comparison of existing
methods; and especially with the reform of taxation so that
its effects shall harmonize with the demands of social reform.
— Two hours a week, Tuesday and Thursday at 3.30 : Pro-
fessor Seligman.

Physical Geography and Anthropology. — This course treats of
the relation of man to the earth, and the influence of physical
environment upon him. The subjects considered are physical
geography, science of anthropology, prehistoric archaeology,
ethnology, anthropometry, and comparative mythology. — Two
hours a week, Thursday, 10.30 to 12.30: Drs. Ripley and
Farrand.

The Seminaria in sociology and political economy meet
weekly, and give the students opportunity for research under
the direction of the Professors.

The work in the Statistical Laboratory will consist of training
in tabulation and compilation of current statistics and original
investigation. — Three hours a week, Wednesday, 9.30 to 12.30.

The special courses offer more detailed treatment of economic
and social questions of interest to the student of sociology.

The related courses offer opportunity to the student to enrich
his sociology courses in a great variety of directions, accord-
ing to his inclination and the object he has in view.

For a description of the special and related courses see the
Announcement of Courses given by the University Faculty of
Political Science and by the Department of Philosophy.

The Statistical Laboratory,

The statistical laboratory is a place equipped with the more
important apparatus of a statistical bureau, drawing tables,
instruments, calculating and tabulating machines and books,
cards, charts, and a collection of statistical publications. The
object of the laboratory is to train the student in the methods
of statistical analysis and computation. Each student will
pursue a course of laboratory practice dealing with the general
statistics of population, the relation of classes, the distribution
of wealth, and the statistics of crime, vice and misfortune.
He will be taught how to judge current statistics and to
detect statistical fallacies; in short, to become an expert in
judging of the value of sociological evidence.

The object of the statistical laboratory is not merely to serve
as a training place for students. It is intended to do practical
work in the way of gathering and tabulating social statistics.
An effort will be made, for instance, to collect the reports of
the charity societies of New York, and tabulate the informa-
tion which they contain. Eventually it is hoped to get into
closer relations with these societies, to suggest a common
schedule for their use, and thus to make their information of
scientific value. Still further it is intended that the special
investigations conducted by the Professor and Fellows in so-
ciology into the social conditions of the population of New
York shall be worked out in the statistical laboratory. It is
well known that a great deal of similar material collected by
various societies and churches of New York now goes to waste
because of the expense and difficulty of handling it. The
Statistical Laboratory of Columbia College will stand ready
to receive such material and put it into scientific shape. The
department has recently handled the Police Census of the
Unemployed in New York City, and the school attendance

statistics, gathered, under the direction of the Professor of
Sociology, for the use of the Tenement House Committee.
Such work affords to the student the very best practical
training in statistical and sociological method.

Field Work.

It is the intention that the student shall be brought into
connection with actual social work. For this purpose arrange-
ments have been made with the Charity Organization Society
of New York, the Bureau of Charities of Brooklyn, the State
Charities Aid Association, the University Settlement Society,
and the East Side House, by which students will have a
special opportunity to study and take part in the active work
of these societies.

The Charity Organization Society.

For the purpose of affording an opportunity to study the
practical work of relieving the poor, arrangements have been
made with the Charity Organization Society of New York, by
which special facilities for work and training are offered to the
students of sociology. That Society is the largest organization
of the sort in this country, follows the most approved methods,
and is constantly perfecting its modes of operation. In
the year 1893 it numbered 2,335 members and contributors,
had 488 co-operating societies or agencies, investigated
4,752 applications, and secured relief for 2,287 worthy
applicants. Its registration bureau contains information
about 170,000 families, or parts of families. It stands in
close connection with the great charitable societies and insti-
tutions of New York whose work it endeavors to co-ordinate
and render more effective. Its officers take the liveliest
interest in this effort to unite theoretical and practical work
in sociology, and render cordial co-operation and aid.

By the action of the Council of the Charity Organization
Society the President and Faculty of Political Science of
Columbia College have been given the privilege of nominating
a member of the Council, so that the University is directly
represented in the management of the Society.

Advanced students in sociology have the opportunity of
joining one or more District Committees organized under
the direction of experienced members of the Society, and of
training in the work of investigating and reporting upon
applications for relief, and of friendly visiting among the
poor. Experience of the various problems of charitable work
and of social conditions is thus gained under the best
guidance.

Demonstrations are made at the Central Offices of the
Society, of the methods of recording the applications for relief,
of co-ordinating the work of different societies, of the details
of management, of the different forms of aids to thrift such
as the employment bureau, the wood-yard, the wayfarer's
lodge, the penny provident fund, the pawn-shop. These
demonstrations are repeated often enough to familiarize the
student with the methods of the Society.

As students gain experience they may be placed upon the
special committees of the Society having these matters in
charge, and after they have completed a course in sociology
opportunity can be found for a selected number who wish to
continue work in this direction, to have desks in the Central
Office and form part of the working force of the Society under
suitable arrangements.

The Brooklyn Bureau of Charities.

Similar opportunities for work are offered to students in
connection with the Brooklyn Bureau of Charities.

State Charities Aid Association.

The State Charities Aid Association has been for twenty-
two years the most vigilant watcher over the public charitable
institutions of the State, and the most active promoter of
wise legislation pertaining to public aid in all its forms. It
has been chiefly instrumental in removing children from
county poor-houses, and the charities article of the new State
Constitution is the fruit of its efforts. It has, by law, powers
of visitation and criticism of all public charitable institutions
of this commonwealth. Every facility for becoming ac-
quainted with its work is offered to graduate students of

1 1

sociology in Columbia College. The Professor of Sociology
is a member of its Board of Managers, and qualified graduate
students can become visitors of the Society.

University Settlement Society.

This Society leases a house at 26 Delancey Street, in the
most crowded tenement-house district of New York City. Its
object is by means of clubs, kindergarten, library, lectures,
classes, debates, exhibition, and the East Side Sanitary Asso-
ciation, to improve the condition of the people of that district
and to assist in the work of social progress. Rooms are
provided for three or four college graduates who live there
and direct the work. Many others are desired to act as
teachers and visitors. An unexampled opportunity is thus
afforded for learning to understand ^the actual condition of a
city population and for doing good. The head worker is a
Fellow of Columbia College, and students of this department,
whether in residence there or not, are cordially welcomed by
him and assigned such work as they may be willing or able
to undertake.

East Side House.

This is a settlement of college men at the foot of East 76th
Street. Graduate students and Fellows from Columbia Col-
lege are in residence there during the year. Students are
offered the same privileges and opportunities as in the
University Settlement Society.

Purposes of the Course.

It is believed that the combination of University instruction
in sociology with the practical training in statistics and the
field work in connection with the institutions of the city offers
advantages to students of political economy and social science
such as can scarcely be found elsewhere. It is also believed
that such study will be of the utmost value to future clergy-
men in training them for parish work in cities and factory
towns ; to journalists as professional training; to public men
and ordinary citizens who may be called upon in the future
to direct the philanthropic and reformatory work of society.
Still further there is a growing demand for trained men as

paid Superintendents or Secretaries of Charity Organization
Societies and similar institutions in this country. For men
who desire to devote their lives to philanthropy no better
preparation for such positions can be conceived of than that
here described. The officers of the Charity Organization
Society have constant applications for men to fill such places,
but the supply of men with adequate training and knowledge
is entirely inadequate.

It is also believed that there will be a growing demand for
scientific statisticians in this country. Not only is the statis-
tical work at Washington developing in refinement and extent,
but numerous States have established Bureaus of Labor Statis-
tics, many cities have Municipal Bureaus of Vital Statistics;
while Boards of Health, and Boards of Trade and Commerce
are paying increasing attention to gathering statistical in-
formation. Sooner or later these places will be filled by men
trained in political economy and sociology and in the science
and technique of statistics. Quite recently two excellent
positions in one of the government bureaus at Washington
have been filled by civil service examination. The in-
struction in the theory and methods of statistics, the work
in the statistical laboratory and the field work in collecting
social statistics offer opportunity for such training. This
work can be supplemented by the related courses in sociology,
political economy, criminal law, mathematics, medicine,
offered by the University as the special position demands.

General Information.

For information in regard to admission, matriculation, and
tuition fees, conditions for degrees, admission to the Uni-
versity courses, examinations, prizes, library, calendar, free
tuition, and details in regard to the officers and courses of in-
struction see the Announcement of Courses in the School of
Political Science. Twenty-four University Fellowships of the
value of $500 each, some of which are likely to fall to this
department, are awarded each year by the University
Council. Students in the General, Union, or Jewish
Theological Seminaries in the City of New York are admitted
to pursue courses in this department, and to become candi-
dates for degrees without charge for matriculation or tuition.

POLITICAL SCIENCE AND LA W

Candidates will not be permitted to offer Criminal Law
alone as the Ph.D. major, but must combine with it the
course on General International Law.

POLITICAL SCIENCE AND LAW
In General

The instruction offered by the Faculty of Political Science
upon constitutional, administrative, international, and crim-
inal law, and upon Roman law and comparative jurispru-
dence, furnishes the natural and necessary complement to the
courses offered by the Faculty of Law. Law is, with us, the
chief avenue into politics ; and for this reason, if for no other,
a complete legal education should include the science of
politics. But the importance to the lawyer of the subjects
above mentioned does not depend simply on the prospect of
a political career. To become a thorough practitioner the
student must acquire a considerable knowledge of public law ;
and if he wishes to be anything more than a practitioner, if
he wishes to know law as a science, some knowledge of other
systems than our own becomes imperative. From this point
of view the Roman law is of paramount importance, not
merely by reason of its scientific structure, but because it is
the basis of all modern systems except the English.

The courses on constitutional and diplomatic history con-
stitute the indispensable introduction to those in public law;
and the courses on economics and finance will be found of
great value by students of both public and private law.

Of these subjects, criminal law is required as part of the
Bachelor of Laws degree in the Law School, and Roman law,
history of European law, comparative jurisprudence, com-
parative constitutional law, administrative law, law of
municipal corporations, law of taxation, and international
law are elective for the same degree. The Faculty of Law
also recommends that students who have not had an ade-
quate training in history economics, and finance shall so
prolong their course of study that they may avail themselves
of the opportunity offered in the School of Political Science
for studying these subjects.

SCHOOL OF POLITICAL SCIENCE

For the greater encouragement of such a combination of
studies, and to meet the increasing demand for a broader
legal training that shall not be exclusively professional in its
purpose, a course of university study has been established
leading to the degree of Master of Laws.

Requirements for the Degree of Master of Laws

Preliminary Education. — The candidate must have com-
pleted the curriculum of some college in good standing at
least to the close of the Junior year.

Course of Study. — The candidate must pursue his studies
under the direction of the Faculties of Law and Political Sci-
ence for four years, electing from the subjects offered by
these faculties courses aggregating, in the four years, fifty-
two hours a week, 1 provided that not more than thirty-four
hours of work may be elected either in the field of private
law or in that of public law, social ethics, history, and eco-
nomics.

Allozvaiice for Studies Prosecuted Elsewhere. — The student
who has satisfactorily completed at other universities, col-
leges, or law schools any considerable portion of the subjects
offered by the Faculties of Law and Political Science {viz.,
not less than the equivalent of one term's work of thirteen
hours a week), may be excused from a corresponding portion
of the four years' residence required at Columbia. Under
this rule a student who holds the bachelor's degree from a
college having a curriculum substantially equivalent to that
of the School of Arts of Columbia College, and who has pur-
sued graduate courses in history and economics amounting to
one year's work of thirteen hours a week, may complete the
Master of Laws' course at Columbia College in three years :
and the student who has completed a two or three years' law
course at another law school may similarly receive credit for
courses equivalent to those offered in Columbia College In
no case, however, shall any one receive the degree of Master
of Laws who has not spent four years in the study of history,

1 The courses offered by the two Faculties, from which the student is to elect
fifty-two hours, aggregate at present more than one hundred and ten hours
per week.

POLITICAL SCIENCE AND LAW

economics, and public and private law in some university,
college or law school, including a residence of at least one
term at Columbia College; and the decision whether work
performed at another institution shall be accepted as equiva-
lent to work at Columbia rests, as regards each subject, with
the faculty in whose jurisdiction that subject falls.

Master of Laws' Course for Students Holding the Degree of
Bachelor of Laws from Columbia College. — Students who have
completed the junior year in the School of Arts of Columbia
College or in some other institution maintaining an equiva-
lent curriculum, and who have obtained the degree of Bachelor
of Laws from Columbia College after pursuing the full three
years' course of study, shall be entitled, upon pursuing for
an additional year a course of study of at least thirteen hours
a week under the Faculty of Law or the Faculty of Political
Science, or under both of these Faculties, and passing satis-
factory examinations, to receive the degree of Master of Laws ;
provided that no student shall receive the degree who has
not studied and passed satisfactory examinations in compar-
ative constitutional law, administrative law, Roman law,
international law, and in the three courses offered on equity,
and who has not pursued at Columbia or elsewhere courses
of instruction satisfactory to the Faculty of Political Science
in history, social ethics, and economics.

Arrangement of Studies. — Under the above regulations the
student may choose either of two courses leading to the
degree of Master of Laws. He may study primarily for the
Bachelor of Laws' degree, and after obtaining this, prosecute
his studies a year longer for the master's degree ; or he may
register himself from the outside as a candidate for the
master's degree without attempting to take the bachelor's
degree. Those students who believe that they will be able
to devote the necessary time to the legal studies are strongly
recommended to take the latter course. Such students will
find it to their advantage to make their elections for the first
year largely in the field of social ethics, political philosophy,
constitutional history, and economics, combining with these
subjects courses in the elements of jurisprudence and the

SCHOOL OF POLITICAL SCIENCE

general principles of contracts and torts, and to divide the
subsequent years between public and private law.

The student who has completed his junior year in the
School of Arts of Columbia College, or in some other col-
lege maintaining an equivalent curriculum, may obtain the
degree of Bachelor of Arts from Columbia College upon such
a combination of legal and political courses aggregating not
less than fifteen hours a week for one year; and such courses
will also be counted as a part of the fifty-two hours a week
required for the degree of Master of Laws.

SOCIAL SCIENCE.

The work in economics and sociology falls under three
heads, viz. : the University courses of instruction in the vari-
ous departments of social science, the work in the statistical
laboratory, and the "field work," or practical work in con-
nection with the Charity Organization Society, the Brooklyn
Bureau of Charities, the State Charities Aid Association, the
University Settlement Society of New York City, and the
East Side House. These are fully explained in the separate
announcement of the courses in Sociology.

COURSES OF STUDY AND RESEARCH FOR
1895-96. 1

The course of study embraces instruction and research in
three groups of subjects:

I History and Political Philosophy.
II Public Law and Comparative Jurisprudence.
Ill Economics and Social Science.

Seminaria

1 Subject to revision in details in case of need.

COURSES OF STUDY AND RESEARCH 21

by the students. The papers are read before the professor
and the students, and are then criticised and discussed.
There will be at least one seminarium in each subject. The
number of meetings and the topics to be discussed are deter-
mined each year. Attendance at a seminarium in the major
subject is necessary on the part of candidates for the degrees
of Master of Arts or Doctor of Philosophy.

There are also preliminary seminaria in history and politi-
cal economy designed primarily for those that are not fully
prepared for the more advanced work. A preliminary semi-
narium taken by a candidate for the degree of Bachelor of
Arts will count for one hour toward the fifteen hours neces-
sary for a degree.

Group 1 — History and Political Philosophy

The student is supposed to be familiar with the outlines of
European history, ancient and modern, as well as of Ameri-
can history. Students who are not thus prepared are recom-
mended to take the undergraduate courses in history in the
School of Arts. These are as follows 1 :

1 (A) Outline of Mediceval and Modern History. — Two
hours a week : Mr. Colby.

2 (B) Outline of European History since 1815. — Two hours
a week, first term : Prof. Dunning.

3 Roman History. — Two hours a week, first term : Prof.
Munroe Smith.

4 English History. — One hour a week : Prof. Osgood.

5 American History. — Two hours a week: Prof. Dunning.

6 Historical and Political Geography. — The purpose of this
course is to give a description of the physical geography of
Europe, to point out the various sections into which it is
naturally divided, to trace the territorial growth of modern
European states, and to describe the geographical and ethnic
conditions of the present states of the European continent.
One hour a week : Prof. Goodnow.

Subject A — European History

7 General Political aud Constitutional History of Europe,

1 The lettered courses are required for undergraduates.

SCHOOL OF POLITICAL SCIENCE

comprehending in detail : a view of the political situation of
imperial Rome ; the history of the development of the govern-
ment of the Christian church into the form of papal monarchy;
the overthrow of the Roman imperial system and the estab-
lishment of German kingdoms throughout middle, western,
and southern Europe ; the character and constitution of these
kingdoms; the conversion of the Germans to the Christian
church, and the relations which the Christian church assumed
towards the Germanic states; consolidation of the German
kingdoms into the European empire of Charlemagne ; charac-
ter and constitution of the Carolingian state ; its disruption
through the development of the feudal system and the inde-
pendent hierarchic church, and division into the kingdoms of
Germany, France, and Italy; character and history of the
feudal system as a state form; re-establishment of the
imperial authority by the re-connection of Germany with
Italy ; conflict of the middle ages between church and state ;
the political disorganization and papal despotism resulting
from the same; the development of the absolute monarchy
and the reformation ; the limitation of absolute kingly power
and the development of constitutionalism; and lastly, the
realization of the constitutional idea of the nineteenth cen-
tury. — Two hours a week : Prof. Osgood.

8 The Political and Constitutional History of England. —
The object of this course of lectures is to trace the growth of
the English constitution from the earliest to the present
times, dwelling upon foreign relations during periods when
they had an important influence. Particular attention is paid
to the administrative system developed by the Norman
monarchs, and to the struggle of the thirteenth century,
which culminated in the legislative work of Edward I. The
political results of the reformation are described. Under the
Stuarts, the conflict between the crown and parliament, which
had been interrupted at the close of the fourteenth century,
was resumed, owing chiefly to the rise of Puritanism. The
House of Commons now leads the opposition. The history
of the struggle between the two is detailed till the most
important questions in dispute were settled by the events of

COURSES OF STUDY AND RESEARCH 23

1688-89. The development of parliamentary government
under the aristocratic regime is then outlined. About the
beginning of this century, and largely in consequence of the
industrial revolution, the democratizing of the constitution
began. The account given of the development of this ten-
dency closes with the Reform Bill of 1884. The work of the
first term will close at 1640. The history subsequent to
that date will be treated during the second term. Two
hours a week : Prof. Osgood.

g Rise and Development of the French Monarchy during
the latter half of the middle ages. — The purpose of this course
of lectures is to trace the constitutional history of France
from the dissolution of the Carolingian empire to the era of
the absolute monarchy, at the close of the middle ages. The
main line of evolution in the history of the French state
during this period is the growth of the kingship from great
theoretical powers and practical impotency under the first
Capetians to the absolute monarchy of Louis XI. The various
steps in this development, the forces aiding and opposing the
extension of the royal power, the financial, judicial and
administrative institutions necessitated by the centralization
of power in the king, are described. — Two hours a week,
second term : Mr. Beer.

10 History of European Law. — See post, p. 31. — Two
hours a week : Prof. Munroe Smith.

11 History of Diplomacy. — See post., p. 28. — Two hours a
week, first term : Prof. Moore.

12 Early Church History. — The ante-Nicene period, a.d.
100-31 1 ; spread and persecution; literary conflict with
heathenism and heresy; conversion of the Roman empire;
development of Christian doctrine and dicipline. — Two hours
a week :

13 Mediceval Church History. — From the time of Constan-
tine to the Reformation. Nicene and post-Nicene periods:
monasticism; rise of the papacy; development of doctrine;
mediaeval Christianity; conversion of the barbarians, separa-
tion of the Greek and Latin churches; the papacy and the

SCHOOL OF POLITICAL SCIENCE

empire; the crusades ; preparation for the reformation. — Two
hours a week :

14 Modern Church History. — The reformation on the con-
tinent, in England and Scotland; the Roman Catholic
counter-reformation; history of the Lutheran and Reformed
churches. — Two hours a week :

15 Seminar turn in Europeaii History. — Two hours a week:
Prof. Osgood.

Subject B — American History

16 Political and Constitutional History of the United
States. — This course of lectures covers the history of the
colonies and of the revolutionary war; the formation and
dissolution of the confederate constitution of 1781, the fed-
eral constitution of 1787 and its application down to the civil
war; the changes wrought in the constitution by the civil
war, and the resulting transformation of the public law of
the United States. — Two hours a week : Prof. Burgess.

17 Political History of the Colonies and of the American
Revolution. — This is an investigation course, extending
through two years. During the first year attention will be
devoted to the settlement of the colonies and their develop-
ment in the seventeenth century. During the second year
the growth of the system of colonial administration, the con-
flict with the French, and the revolt of the colonies will be
investigated. The object of the course is two-fold: first, to
acquaint the student as thoroughly as possible with the
history of the period; second, to teach him how to investi-
gate and how to do the constructive work of the historian.
The subject is taken up topically, and the titles of the chief
original authorities bearing upon each topic are given by the
instructor. These works the student must read, compare,
and criticise. The result of his study must appear in the
form of a consistent and truthful account of the event of
which he is treating. It is intended that attention shall be
fixed as exclusively as possible upon original sources. When
secondary material is used, it must be examined and criti-
cised in the light of the original. When necessary, an
analytical study of the histories, relations, or other authori-

COURSES OF STUDY AND RESEARCH 25

ties is undertaken for the purpose of ascertaining the degree
of their credibility. Attention is also called to the character
of historical writing in each period under investigation.
Students are brought, as far as possible, to view the world
from the standpoint of the men whose works they are study-
ing. It is intended that a class taking the full course shall
have discussed before it all the most important original
authorities bearing upon the history of the American colonies
and revolution. — Two hours per week for two years : Prof.
Osgood.

18 The United States during Civil War and Reconstruction. —
The object of this course is to describe the constitutional
principles which came into play during the period from i860
to 1877. Among the topics discussed in more or less detail
are: The principles of the appeal to arms; the nature and
scope of the "war power"; the status of the negro as
affected by the war ; the various theories of reconstruction ;
the adoption of the last three amendments to the constitu-
tion; the actual process of reconstruction; the so-called
"force legislation"; and the circumstances attending the
final cessation of national interference in the Southern
States. — Two hours a week, second term: Prof. Dunning.

19 History of American Diplomacy . — See post., p. 28. Two
hours a week, second term : Prof. Moore.

20 American Church History. — Two hours a week:

21 New York State and Federal Politics, 1820-1860. —
Among the chief topics treated in this course are: Anti-
masonry, rise of the Whig party, internal improvements,
agrarian insurrections, McLeod case, anti-slavery ideas before
1845, Texas and the Mexican war, compromise of 1850, elec-
tion of 1852, Kansas-Nebraska bill, Dred Scott case, Lincoln-
Douglas debate, election of i860, efforts at compromise. —
Two hours a week, second term : Dr. Bancroft.

SCHOOL OF POLITICAL SCIENCE

many Hall has been the most important and powerful party
organization. A brief history of the Tammany organization,
its rulers, and its method of nominating public officers, will
be given. The " Tweed Ring" and the efforts of purifying
city politics since its downfall will be described, including the
reform charter of 1873, the amendments of 1884, the report
of the Tilden Committee in 1875, and of the Roosevelt and
Gibbs investigating committees. — One hour a week, first
term: Dr. Bernheim.

25 Seminarium in Early American History. — One hour a
week: Prof. Osgood.

Subject C — Political Philosophy

26 General History of Political Theories. — Every people
known to history has possessed some form, however vague
and primitive, of political government. Every people which
has attained a degree of enlightenment above the very lowest
has been permeated by some ideas more or less systematic,
as to the origin, nature, and limitations of governmental
authority. It is the purpose of this course to trace historic-
ally the development of these ideas, from the primitive
notions of primitive people to the complex and elaborate
philosophical theories that have characterized the ages of
highest intellectual refinement.

Book I., after a short survey of the theocratic system of
the Brahmans, treats mainly of the political philosophy
of Greece and Rome, with especial attention to the pro-
found speculations of Plato and Aristotle.

Book II. discusses the political doctrines of early Christianity
and the Christian church, with the controversy of
Papacy and Empire, and the elaborate systems of St.
Thomas Aquinas and his adversaries.

Book III. treats of that age of renaissance and reformation
in which Machiavelli and Bodin, Suarez and Bellarmino,
Luther and Calvin worked out their various solutions of
the great problem, how to reconcile the conflicting doc-
trines of theology, ethics, and politics.

COURSES OF STUDY AND RESEARCH 27

Book IV. covers the period during which the theories were
worked out which found realization in the English and
French revolutions. Here are examined the doctrine of
natural law as developed by Grotius and Puffendorf, the
doctrine of divine right of kings with its corollary of
passive obedience, as in Filmer and Bossuet, the theory
of the constitutionalists, Locke and Montesquieu, and
the idea of social contract made most famous by Rous-
seau.

Book V. traces the various currents of thought since Rous-
seau: the idealism of Kant, Fichte, and Hegel, the
reactionary philosophy which sought to overcome the
tendencies of the revolution, the historical school of
Burke and Savigny, and the English individualists like
Bentham, Mill, and Spencer. — Three hours a week:
Prof. Dunning.
27 American Political Philosophy. — As the first nation to
realize in practice many of the principles that characterize
the modern state, the United States offers special opportu-
nities for research to the student of political philosophy. In
this course a twofold line of discussion is followed : First, by
a study of the various documents of the revolutionary era,
the Declaration of Independence, the constitutions, national
and commonwealth, and other state papers, the dominant
ideas of the people are derived from their official records.
Second, the writings of the leading statesmen, like Hamil-
ton, Jefferson, Calhoun, and Webster, as well as the more
systematic and philosophical works of Lieber, Mulford,
Brownson, Jameson, and others, are analyzed and subjected
to critical comment. — One hour a week: Prof. Dunning;
(not given 1895-96).

30 Seminarian in Political Philosophy. — One hour a week :
Prof. Dunning.

Group II — Public Law and Comparative Jurisprudence

Subject A — Constitutional Law

I Comparative Constitutional Law of the principal Euro-
pean States and of the United States ; comprehending a com-
parison of the provisions of the constitutions of England,

28 SCHOOL OF POLITICAL SCIENCE

United States, France, and Germany, the interpretation of
the same by the legislative enactments and judicial decisions
of the states, and the generalization from them of the funda-
mental principles of public law common to them all. — Three
hours a week : Prof. Burgess.

2 Comparative Constitutional Law of the several Common-
wealths of the American Union. — In this course of lectures
comparison is made in the same manner of the constitutions
of the forty-four commonwealths of the Union. — One hour a
week, second term : Dr. Bernheim.

5 Seminariun in Constitutional Law. — Two hours a week:
Prof. Burgess.

Subject B — International Law

6 History of Diplomacy. — The object of this course is to
exhibit the evolution of the relations between independent
states and the manner in which those relations are conducted.
The history of the diplomatic system of Europe is traced
from its beginnings to the present time, and an exposition is
given of the religious, dynastic, territorial, and commercial
struggles of which that system is the result. The first part
of the course relates to the development of the European
concert prior to the Peace of Westphalia. This is followed
by an examination of the most important of the general
European treaties, beginning with those concluded at the
Congress of Westphalia in 1648, and ending with the Treaty
of Berlin of 1878. — Two hours a week, first term: Prof.
Moore.

7 History of American Diplomacy. — In the study of Amer-
ican diplomacy special attention will be given to the history
and method of the diplomacy of the United States. The
course will comprehend (1) the diplomacy of the Revolu-
tion; (2) the period from the Treaty of Peace of 1783 to the
termination of the war of 1812; (3) from the termination of
that war to the civil war; (4) from the outbreak of the
latter war to the present time. — Two hours a week, second
term: Prof. Moore.

8 International Law. — This course treats of the general
principles of international law, as it has been developed by

COURSES OF STUDY AND RESEARCH 29

positive agreement, in the form of treaties and conventions,
and by common usage, as shown in legislation, in the deci-
sions of international tribunals and of municipal courts, and
in the conduct of nations. The rules thus discovered are
discussed in the light of the principles of reason and justice,
as scientifically presented by writers on international law,
and an effort is made to trace the systematic establishment
of the rules which govern intercourse among nations at the
present day. — Two hours a week: Prof. Moore.

10 Seminarium in International Law. — Two hours a week:
Prof. Moore.

Subject C — Criminal Law

11 Criminal Law, including the Conflict of Penal Laws
and Extraditioji. — This course embraces (1) the general
principles of criminal law, defining the relation of the indi-
vidual to the state, as regards the maintenance of, public
order; (2) the conflict of penal laws, and the punishment of
extra-territorial crime; (3) extradition, including {a) the de-
livery up of fugitives from justice as between nations, and
(b) the delivery of such fugitives as between the states of
the American Union, or interstate rendition. — Two hours a
week: Prof. Moore.

Subject D — Administrative Law

16 Comparative Administrative Law of the United States
and the principal European States. — The purpose of this
course is to present the general principles of the administra-
tive law of the United States, both in the nation and in the
commonwealths, and to compare them with the law of Eng-
land, France, and Germany. The following list of topics
will give a general idea of the particular subjects discussed:
The principle of the separation or distribution of powers;
the executive power; administrative councils; heads of de-
partments, their tenure of office, their powers and duties;
local (including municipal) government; officers, their ap-
pointment or election, their duties, their rights, removal
from office; the administration in action; the control over
the administration possessed by the higher administrative
officers, the courts, and the legislature. Special attention

3°

SCHOOL OF POLITICAL SCIENCE

will here be paid to the writs of mandamus, quo warranto,
certiorari, habeas corpus, and prohibition, and their statutory
substitutes, by means of which the courts exercise their con-
trol over the administration. The new courts will also be
examined, which have been established in France and Ger-
many during this century, and to which the name of admin-
istrative courts has been given. — Two hours a week: Prof.
Goodnow.

17 The Law of Municipal Corporations. — This course
treats of the development of the American municipal corpora-
tion and the difference between it and the modern English
municipal corporation; the creation of municipal corpora-
tions; the control over American municipal corporations
possessed by the commonwealth legislature, and its consti-
tutional limitations both national and commonwealth; the
dissolution of municipal corporations, and its effect; the or-
ganization of municipal corporations together with a detailed
discussion of their powers and liabilities both as govern-
mental agencies and as corporate bodies, subjects of private
law. — Two hours a week, first term : Prof. Goodnow.

18 The Law of Taxation. — The subjects treated in this
course are : The nature of taxes and the taxing power ; the
limitations placed by the constitutions, both national and
commonwealth, upon the taxing power; the construction of
tax proceedings; the rules of law relative to the particular
taxes, both national and commonwealth, levied in the United
States ; the methods of assessment and collection ; the reme-
dies open to the individual against arbitrary, unjust and
illegal taxation; and the law of assessments for local im-
provements of property specially benefited. — Two hours a
week, second term: Prof. Goodnow.

19 Comparative Administration of New York, London,
Paris and Berlin. — This course treats of the history of muni-
cipal government in London, showing the development of the
present form of central government through the London
County Council, in the organization of the Board of Public
Works, of the School Board, and other central bodies with
specific functions, and finally of the County Council itself. A

COURSES OF STUDY AND RESEARCH

study is then made of the County Council as at present consti-
tuted, with special reference to the social development of
governmental functions. A similar sketch is given of the
government of Paris and Berlin, to afford a basis of compari-
son with the administrative organization and methods of New
York. — One hour a week, second term: Dr. Bernheim.

20 Seminar ium in Administrative Law. — Two hours a
week: Prof. Goodnow.

Subject E — Roman Law and Comparative Jurisprudence

21 Roman Law I. — The history and institutions of the
classical and Justinian law. Sohm's Institutes, supple-
mented by lectures. Two hours a week, first term: Prof.
Munroe Smith.

22 Roman Law II — Cases from the Corpus Juris Civilio,
principally in contracts. — Two hours a week, second term :
Prof. Munroe Smith.

23 History of European Law. — This course treats (1) of
primitive law, with especial reference to the usages and ideas
of the Indo-Germanic races; (2) of early German law, includ-
ing a comparison of Scandinavian, Anglo-Saxon, and conti-
nental German customs; (3) of mediaeval European law,
including feudal and canon law; (4) of the ' 4 reception" of
the Roman law; and (5) of the genesis and character of
the great modern codes. — Two hours a week: Prof. Munroe
Smith.

24 Comparative Jurisprudence. — This course, based mainly
on a comparison of the modern Roman and the English
common law, aims to present the leading principles of
modern property law and family law. — Two hours a week
(1896-97): Prof. Munroe Smith.

25 International Private Law. — In this course the theories
of the foreign authorities and the practice of the foreign
courts in the so-called " conflicts of law " are compared with
the solution given to these questions by our courts. — One
hour a week: Prof. Munroe Smith.

29 Seminar ium in Legal History and Cojnparative Legis-
lation. — One hour a week : Prof. Munroe Smith.

SCHOOL OF POLITICAL SCIENCE

Group III — Economics and Social Science

It is presumed that students before entering the school
possess a knowledge of the general principles of political
economy as laid down in the ordinary manuals by Walker or
Mill, and also a knowledge of the general facts of economic
history. Students who are not thus prepared are recom-
mended to take the undergraduate courses in the School of
Arts. These are 1 :

1 (A) Elements of Political Economy. — Two hours a week,
second term : Prof. Mayo-Smith and Mr. Day.

2 Economic History of Europe and America. — Two hours a
week, first term : Prof. Seligman and Mr. Day.

Subject A — Political Economy and Finance

3 Historical and Practical Political Economy.

(A) Introduction; Production and Consumption. — This
course is given every year, and is intended to cover the gen-
eral questions of the application of political economy to
actual social life. The principal topics are: the function of
political economy and its relation to the other political
sciences, method of study, literature and writers, method of
applying theory and principle to economic questions; (2) the
economic organization of society, its historical development,
present economic institutions, the principle of individual lib-
erty and the institution of private property in their economic
influence; (3) the function of government in economic
affairs, the individualistic view, the socialistic demand; (4)
the theory of consumption and its effect in directing eco-
nomic activity; (5) the production of wealth and the prob-
lems of production, such as land-tenure, forms of productive
enterprise, application of machinery and accumulation of
capital. — Three hours a week, first term : Prof. Mayo-Smith.

(B) The Problems of Exchange. — (Commerce, Trade and
Transportation.) — This course treats of the history of com-
merce, the question of free trade or protection ; the history
of transportation and the railroad question ; money and the

1 The lettered course is required for undergraduates.

COURSES OF STUDY AND RESEARCH 33

mechanism of exchange ; banks and banking ; paper money,
bimetallism and the silver question, currency reform ; history
of credit ; theory of value and price, history and statistics of
prices, index numbers; commercial crises, their history and
causes, depression of trade since 1873, the financial panic of
1893; theory of competition, history of monopolies, economic
influence of monopolies; trusts; function of the government
in regulating exchange. — Three hours a week, second term,
given in 1895-96, and each alternate year thereafter: Prof.
Mayo-Smith.

(C) The Problems of Distribution. — (Relations of Labor
and Capital.) — This course is devoted largely to labor ques-
tions, such as the history of labor, guilds, apprenticeships,
the factory system ; the present condition and progress of the
laboring classes; statistics of wages, cost of living and ex-
penditures of the laboring class; trade unions and benefit
societies, strikes and boycotts; arbitration and conciliation;
co-operation and profit-sharing; the state in relation to labor,
poor relief, factory laws and employers' liability, working-
men's insurance, aids to intelligence, thrift, health and well-
being; the capitalist class, profit, rent and interest; the rela-
tion of the employer to the laborer; progress and poverty;
the demands of socialism. — Three hours a week, second term,
given in 1896-97, and each alternate year: Prof. Mayo-Smith.

For students desiring to take (A), (B), and (C) in one year, a short resume will
be given of the omitted course (B) or (C) during the latter portion of the first term.

4 History of Political Economy — In this course the various
systems of political economy are discussed in their historical
development. The chief exponents of the different schools
are taken up in their order, but especial attention is directed
to the wider aspects of the connection between the theories
and the organization of the existing industrial society. The
chief writers discussed are :

I Antiquity : Orient, Greece, and Rome.
II Middle ages: Aquinas, Glossators, writers on money,
the usury question, etc.
Ill Mercantilists : Stafford, Mun, Petty, North, Locke; Bodin,
Vauban, Forbonnais; Serra, Galiani, Justi, etc.

SCHOOL OF POLITICAL SCIENCE

IV Physiocrats : Quesnay, Gournay, Turgot, etc.
V Adam Smith and precursors : Tucker, Hume, Can til-
Ion, Steuart.

VI English school : Mai thus, Ricardo, Senior, McCulloch,
Chalmers, Jones, Mill, etc.
VII The continent : Say, Sismondi, Hermann, List, Cour-
not, Bastiat, etc.
VIII German historical school: Roscher, Knies, Hilde-
brand, etc.

IX Recent development : Rogers, Jevons,Cairnes, Bagehot,
Leslie, Toynbee, Marshall; Wagner, Schmoller,
Held, Brentano, Cohn; Menger, Sax, Bohm-
Bawerk, Wieser; Leroy-Beaulieu, De Laveleye,
Gide; Cossa, Nazzani, Loria, Ricca-Salerno,
Pantaleoni ; Carey, George, Walker, Clark, Patten,
Adams, etc.

— Two hours a week. Given in 1896-97 and each alternate
year thereafter : Prof. Seligman.

5 Science of Finance. — This course is historical as well as
comparative and critical. It treats of the various rules of
public expenditures and the methods of meeting the same
among different civilized nations. It describes the different
kinds of public revenue, including the public domain and
public property, public works and industrial undertakings,
special assessments, fees and taxes. It is in great part a
course on the history, theories, and methods of taxation in
all civilized countries. It considers also public debt, methods
of borrowing, redemption, refunding, repudiation, etc.
Finally it describes the fiscal organization of the state, by
which the revenue is collected and expended, and discusses
the budget, national, state, and local. Students are furnished
with the current public documents of the United States
treasury, and the chief financial reports of the leading com-
monwealths, and are expected to understand all the facts in
regard to public debt, currency, and revenue therein con-
tained. — Two hours a week: Prof. Seligman.

6 Financial History of the United States. — This course
endeavors to present a complete survey of American legis-

COURSES OF STUDY AND RESEARCH

lation on currency, finance, and taxation, as well as its con-
nection with the state of industry and commerce. Attention
is called especially to the financial history of the colonies
(colonial currency and taxation); to the financial methods of
the revolution and the confederation ; to the financial policy
of the Federalists and the Republicans up to the war of
1812, including the refunding and payment of the debt, the
internal revenue, and the banking and currency problems;
to the financial history of the war with England; to the
changes in the methods of taxation, and the crises of 18 19,
1825, 1837; to the distribution of the surplus and the United
States bank ; to the currency problems up to the civil war ;
to the financial management of the war; to the methods of
resumption, payment of the debt, national and state banks,
currency questions, and problems of taxation; and finally to
the recent development in national, state, and municipal
finance and taxation. — Two hours a week, first term: Prof.
Seligman.

7 Industrial and Tariff History of the United States. — The
arguments of extreme free-traders, as of extreme protection-
ists, are often so one-sided that an impartial judgment can
be formed only through a knowledge of the actual effects of
the tariffs. It is the object of this course to give a detailed
history of each customs tariff of the United States from the
very beginning; to describe the arguments of its advocates
and of its opponents in each case ; to trace as far as possible
the position of each of the leading industries before and after
the passage of the chief tariff acts, and thus to determine
how far the legislation of the United States has influenced
the progress of industry and the prosperity of the whole
country. Attention is called especially to the industrial his-
tory of the colonies; to the genesis of the protective idea
and to Hamilton's report; to the tariffs from 1789 to 1808;
to the restriction and the war with England ; to the tariffs of
1816, 1824, and the "tariff of abominations" of 1828; to the
infant-industry argument ; to the compromise and its effect
on manufacturers; to the area of moderate free trade; to
the tariff of 1857; to the war tariffs; to their continuance,

SCHOOL OF POLITICAL SCIENCE

and to the pauper-labor argument; to the McKinley act, and
to the tariff of 1894. — Two hours a week, second term
(1896-97): Prof. Seligman.

8 Railroad Problems ; Economic , Social and Legal. — These
lectures treat of railroads in the fourfold aspect of their
relation to the investors, the employees, the public, and the
state respectively. A history of railways and railway policy
in America and Europe forms the preliminary part of the
course. All the problems of railway management, in so far
as they are of economic importance, come up for discussion.

Among the subjects treated are: financial methods, rail-
way construction, speculation profits, failures, accounts and
reports, expenses, tariffs, principles of rates, classification
and discrimination, competition and pooling, accidents,
and employers' liability. Especial attention is paid to the
methods of regulation and legislation in the United States as
compared with European methods, and the course
closes with a general discussion of state versus private
management. — Two hours a week, second term: Prof.
Seligman.

9 Econojnic Theory I. — This course discusses the static laws
of distribution. It concentrates the attention on the forces
that would continue to act if the structure and the functions
of economic society were to undergo no change. It treats of
the influences that fix those normal rates of wages and of
interest to which the actual earnings of labor and of capital
tend to conform. It analyzes the mechanism of social indus-
try, and traces the connection between wages and the product
that is specifically attributable to labor, and also the con-
nection between interest and the product that can be spe-
cifically traced to capital. — Two hours a week, first term :
Prof. Clark.

10 Economic Theory II. — This course discusses the dy-
namic laws of distribution. It gives attention to influences
that change the structure and the functions of industrial
society. It traces to their origin the gains that normally
accrue to entrepreneurs as such, and seeks to determine
under what theoretical conditions the benefits arising from

COURSES OF STUDY AND RESEARCH 37

economic progress would be at a maximum. — Two hours a
week, second term : Prof. Clark.

ii Communistic and Socialistic Theories. — The theory of
political economy is severely criticised, and the present or-
ganization of society is attacked by socialistic writers who
demand many changes, especially in the institution of pri-
vate property, the system of free competition and the modes
of distribution. This course studies the theories of St.
Simon, Fourier, Proudhon, Marx, Lassalle, Rodbertus and
others; it discusses the socialistic interpretation of history,
its conception of justice, its proposed reorganization of
society, the justice of its demands, the possibility of its real-
ization, and the alternative of social reform. — Two hours a
week, first term : Prof. Clark.

13 Preliminary Seminar ium in Political Economy. — Prima-
rily for those that have already studied economics for only
a year. Essays, readings and practical exercises on prob-
lems of the day. — One hour a week: Profs. Mayo-Smith and
Seligman, and Mr. Day.

14 Seminarium in Political Economy. — For advanced stu-
dents. — Two hours bi-weekly: Prof. Clark.

15 Seminarium in Political Economy and Finance. — For
advanced students. — Two hours, bi-weekly: Prof. Seligman.

Subject B — Sociology and Statistics 1

16 Physical Geography, Anthropology, and Ethnology . — This
course will treat of the following subjects:

I Physical Geography in its relation to the develop-
ment of culture: a) areas of characterization,
acclimatization, etc. ; b) theories of distribution.

II History of the Science of Anthropology.

Ill Prehistoric Archeology, including earliest evidences
of human life, theories of migration, etc.

1 For a fuller statement of the work in Sociology and the allied courses and
equipment, see the separate announcement of the Courses in Sociology.

SCHOOL OF POLITICAL SCIENCE

IV Ethnology: a) language; b) manners and customs;
c) classification of races; d) 1 race problems
biologically considered, including variation,
intermingling, and extermination.
V Anthropometry 1 .

VI Comparative Mythology. — Two hours a week: Dr.
Ripley.

17 Statistics and Sociology. — This course is given every
year, and is intended to train students in the use of statistics
as an instrument of investigation in social science. The
topics covered are relation of statistics to sociology, cri-
teria of statistics, population, population and land, sex, age
and conjugal condition, births, marriages, deaths, sickness
and mortality, race and nationality, migration, social posi-
tion, infirmities, suicide, vice, crime, nature of statistical
regularities. — Two hours a week, first term: Prof. Mayo-
Smith.

18 Statistics and Economics. — This course covers those
statistics of most use in political economy, but which have
also a direct bearing on the problems of sociology. These
include the statistics of land, production of food, condition
of labor, wages, money, credit, prices, commerce, manufac-
tures, trade, imports and exports, national wealth, public
debt, and relative incomes. Two hours a week, second
term. Given in 1895-96 and each alternate year: Prof.
Mayo-Smith.

19 Theory, Technique, and History of Statistical Science. —
This course studies the theory of statistics, law of probabil-
ities, averages, mean error, rules for collecting, tabulating
and presenting statistics, graphical methods, the question of
the freedom of the will, the value of the results obtained by
the statistical method, the possibility of discovering social
laws. Some account will also be given of the history and
literature of statistics, and the organization of statistical
bureaus. — Two hours a week, second term. Given in
1896-97 and each alternate year: Prof. Mayo-Smith.

1 This course will be given in the University Faculty of Philosophy by Dr.
Livingston Farrand.

COURSES OF STUDY AND RESEARCH

20 General Sociology. — This is the fundamental course in
which a foundation is laid for more advanced and special
work in theoretical and practical sociology. It includes four
parts, namely, I. The history of sociological theory since
Comte, and the conception and definition of sociology as a
science; II. Descriptive sociology, dealing chiefly with the
analysis and classification of social phenomena; III. Histor-
ical sociology, tracing the natural evolution of social activi-
ties and arrangements from their beginnings ; IV. Explana-
tory sociology, presenting the causes and laws of the natural
evolution of society so far as they are yet apparent. Partic-
ular attention is given through the course to the relations
of sociology to economic and to ethical theory. — Two hours
a week, first term : Prof. Giddings.

21 The Family. — Beginning with a review of late re-
searches upon early forms of marriage, the relation of the
family to the clan and the tribe, and the status of women
and children, this course deals particularly with the family
in modern society, in country and city, under various condi-
tions of nationality, residence, occupation, density of popula-
tion, sanitary surroundings, education and religion. In con-
clusion the increase of divorce is considered, in its causes and
consequences, and in its relation to public opinion and legis-
lation. Two hours a week, second term : Prof. Giddings.

22 Pauperism, Poor Laws, and Charities. — This course be-
gins with a careful study of the English poor law — its history,
practical working and consequences. On this foundation is
built a study of pauperism in general, but especially as it
may be now observed in great cities. The laws of the
different commonwealths in regard to paupers, out-relief,
alms-houses, and dependent children, are compared. Finally
the special modern methods of public and private philan-
thropy are considered, with particular attention to charity
organization, the restriction of out-door alms, and the re-
clamation of children. Two hours a week, first term : Prof.
Giddings.

23 Crime and Penology. — The topics taken up in this course
are the nature and definitions of crime, the increase of crime

40 SCHOOL OF POLITICAL SCIENCE

and its modern forms, criminal anthropology, the social
causes of crime, surroundings, parental neglect, education,
the question of responsibility, historical methods of punish-
ment, the history of efforts to reform prison methods, modern
methods, the solitary system, the Elmira system, classifica-
tion of criminals, classes of prisons, reformatories, and jails.
— Two hours a week, second term : Prof. Giddings.

29 Seminarium in Statistics. — Work in the statistical lab-
oratory. The object of the laboratory is to train the student
in the methods of statistical analysis and computation.
Each student will pursue a course of laboratory practice
dealing with the general statistics of population, the relation
of classes, the distribution of wealth, and the statistics of
crime, vice, and misfortune. He will be taught how to
judge current statistics and to detect statistical fallacies; in
short, to become an expert in judging of the value of socio-
logical evidence. For fuller statement, see the Announce-
ment of Courses in Sociology. — Three hours a week,
Wednesday (9.30 to 12.30): Prof. Mayo-Smith.

30 Seminarium in Sociology. — Two hours, bi-weekly: Prof.
Giddings.

ORDER OF STUDIES

It is recommended by the faculty that students, who in-
tend to devote their whole time to the courses of study
offered by this faculty, take them in the following order:

FIRST YEAR

Hours per week

Constitutional History of Europe and United States 4

Constitutional History of England .... 2

Political Economy ....... 3

Science of Finance 2

History of Political Theories 3

ORDER OF STUDIES 4*

Honrs per week

Financial History of the United States (2d term) . . 2

Tariff History of the United States (2d term) . . 2

Physical Geography and Anthropology (1st term) . . 2

Historical and Political Geography 1

Political History of New York (1st term) ... 2

Institutes of Roman Law 2

SECOND YEAR

Comparative Constitutional Law of the principal Euro-
pean States and of the United States ... 3
History of European Law ...... 2

Comparative Administrative Law of the United States,

and of the principal European States ... 2

History of Political Economy 2

Economic Theory 2

Statistics and Sociology (1st term) .... 2

Statistics and Economics (2d term) .... 2

Colonial History of the United States .... 2

History of Diplomacy ( 1 st term) . . . . 2

History of American Diplomacy (2d term) ... 2

American Political Philosophy 1

History of the United States 1820-1860 (2d term) . 2

Sociology (1st term) 2

The Family (2d term) 2

Early and Mediaeval Church History .... 4

THIRD YEAR

Comparative Jurisprudence 2

International Law _ 2

Criminal Law ........ 2

International Private Law ...... 1

Law of Municipal Corporations (1st term) ... 2

Law of Taxation (2d term) ...... 2

Comparative Administration of New York, London

and Paris (2d term) 2

Socialism and Communism (1st term) .... 2

Economic Theory (2d term) 2

Theory of Statistics ....... 2

42 SCHOOL OF POLITICAL SCIENCE

Hours per week

Pauperism and Poor Relief (ist term) 2

Crime and Penology (2d term) ..... 2

Railroad Problems 2

History of United States, 1860-1877 (2d term) . . 2

Rise and Growth of the French Monarchy (2d term) . 2

Modern and American Church History ... 4

UNIVERSITY FELLOWSHIPS

Twenty-four University fellowships have been established,
tenable for one year, with a possibility of reappointment for
reasons of weight. Applications for fellowships should be
addressed to the President of Columbia College on blank
forms provided for the purpose. The following rules regard-
ing the fellowships have been established by the University
Council :

1 The application shall be made prior to March 1, in
writing, addressed to the President of Columbia College.
Applications received later than March 1 may fail of consid-
eration. The term of the fellowship is one year, dating from
July 1. Residence should begin October 1.

2 The candidate must give evidence

(a) Of a liberal education, such as a diploma already
granted, or about to be received, from a college or scien-
tific school of good repute;

(b) Of decided fitness for a special line of study, such
as an example of some scientific or literary work already
performed ;

3 The value of such fellowship is five hundred dollars.
Payments will be based on the time during which the fellow
shall have been in residence. The holder of a fellowship is
exempt from all fees.

4 Every holder of a fellowship will be expected to per-
form such duties as may be allotted to him in connection
with his course of study, which course will be such as to lead
to the degree of Doctor of Philosophy. He will be expected

PRIZES

to devote his time to the prosecution of special studies under
the direction of the head of the department to which he be-
longs, and before the close of the academic year to give evi-
dence of progress by the preparation of a thesis, the comple-
tion of a research, the delivery of a lecture, or by some other
method. He must reside in New York or vicinity during
the academic year.

5 No holder of a fellowship shall be permitted to pursue
a profession or technical course of study during his term.
With the written approval of the President, but not other-
wise, he may give instruction or assistance in any depart-
ment of the University.

6 No fellow shall be allowed to accept remunerative
employment except by written permission of the President,
and the acceptance of any such employment, without such
permission, shall operate to vacate the fellowship.

7 A fellow may be reappointed at the end of the year for
reasons of weight. No fellow may be reappointed for more
than two terms of one year each.

8 As these fellowships are awarded as honors, those who
are disposed, for the benefit of others or for any other rea-
son, to waive the pecuniary emolument, may do so, and still
have their names retained on the list of fellows.

PRIZES

Prize in Political Economy

An annual prize of $150 for the best essay on some subject
in political economy has been established by Mr. Edwin R.
A. Seligman, one of the class of 1879 °f the School of Arts.
Competition for the prize is open to all members of the
School of Political Science. The topic selected must be
approved by the faculty, and the essay itself must be not less
than twenty thousand words in length.

James Gordon Bennett Prize in Political Science

A prize of $40, to be given on Commencement Day, has
been established by Mr. James Gordon Bennett. The prize

SCHOOL OF POLITICAL SCIENCE

is to be awarded by the Faculty of Political Science for the
best essay in English prose upon some subject of contempo-
raneous interest in the domestic or foreign policy of the
United States. The subject is assigned each year by the
faculty. The competition is open to Seniors in the School
of Arts, whether regular or special students, and to all stu-
dents under any of the University Faculties who have not
yet taken the baccalaureate degree in arts, letters, or philoso-
phy, provided that they take courses amounting to six hours
a week throughout the year in the School of Political Science.
Essays must be submitted to the President on or before May
i. If no satisfactory essay is received no award will be
made. No award will be made for any essay that is de-
fective in English composition.

Medal Offered by the National Society of the Sons of
the American Revolution

The National Society of the Sons of the American Revolu-
tion offers annually a silver medal under the following
regulations :

i. Competition shall be open to members of the Senior
Class in the School of Arts, and to first-year students, not
graduates of the School of Arts, studying under any of the
University Faculties. 2. Each essay must contain not less
than 1600 and not more than 2000 words and shall be upon
the subject: The Principles fought for in the War of the
Revolution. 3. A typewritten copy of each essay must be
presented to the President not later than May 1 of each year.
4. The committee of award shall consist of the professors
giving instruction in American History. 5. The prize shall
in no case be awarded to any essay defective in English com-
position. The award, if made, will be announced by the
President at Commencement.

A similar tender has been made to the principal colleges
of the country, and the essays receiving the Silver Medals
will be submitted to a Committee of the National Society in
competition for a Gold Medal to be awarded to the writer of
the essay deemed most meritorious.

ACADEMY OF POLITICAL SCIENCE

This institution is devoted to the cultivation and advance-
ment of the political sciences. It is composed mainly of
graduates of Columbia College in the Schools of Law and
Political Science ; but any person whose previous studies have
fitted him to participate in the work of the academy is eligi-
ble to membership.

Meetings of the academy are held on the first Monday of
each month. At these meetings papers are read by members
presenting the results; of original investigation by the writers
in some department of political science.

Prize Lectureships

The trustees have established in the School of Political
Science three prize lectureships of the annual value of five
hundred dollars each, tenable for three years. The power
of appointment is vested in the faculty. One of these three
lectureships becomes vacant at the close of each academic
year. The previous holder may be reappointed. The con-
ditions of competition are as follows :

1 The candidate must be a graduate of Columbia College
in the School of Political Science or the School of Law. In
the latter case he must have pursued the curriculum of the
School of Political Science for at least two years.

2 He must be an active member of the Academy of
Political Science.

3 He must have read at least one paper before the
Academy of Political Science during the year next preceding
the appointment.

The duty of the lecturer is to deliver annually, before the
students of political science, a series of at least twenty lec-
tures, the result of original investigation.

These prize lectureships will be found especially useful
and welcome to graduates of the school who propose to
devote themselves to an academic career, and who in this
way may acquire the experience and acquaintance with uni-
versity methods of teaching which will stand them in good
stead in their future career.

4 6

SCHOOL OF POLITICAL SCIENCE

LIBRARY

The students of the School of Political Science are entitled
to the use, subject to the rules established by the library
committee, of the entire university library. The library is
open from 8:30 a.m. to 11 p.m. during term time, and
from 8:30 a.m. to 10 p.m. during the summer vacation.
Information concerning the sources and literature of the
political sciences is given in the various courses of lectures
held in the schools.

The special library of political science was begun in 1877,
and it was intended to conclude the most recent and most
valuable European and American works in this department.
Particular attention is given to providing the material needed
for original investigation. Every journal of importance,
American or foreign, is taken regularly by the library. Any
book needed by advanced students can usually be bought at
once. Special tables are reserved for advanced students en-
gaged in original research. Early application for a table is
desirable.

The library contains at present (April, 1895) about
200,000 volumes. In the department of Political Science
there are about 75,000 volumes. The collection is particu-
larly rich in works on international, constitutional, and
administrative law, Roman law and foreign law, and is grow-
ing in these departments at the rate of several thousand vol-
umes yearly. Another feature is the full collection of
national, state, and local governmental reports and statistics
in the various domains of economic inquiry, especially labor,
finance, charity, poor law, and transportation reports. Re-
cent large gifts have made it possible to build up a great
collection in sociology.

Students of history, economics, and public law will find
New York to be a centre of library facilities absolutely un-
rivalled elsewhere in this country. In addition to the
University library there are rich treasures at the Astor
Library, Lenox Library, New York Historical Library,

LIBRARY

Long Island Historical Library, Library of the Charity Or-
ganization Society, the Bar Association Library, and the
Law Institute Library, to each of which students have access
under favorable conditions. Advanced students of econom-
ics also have at their disposal the library of the professor of
Political Economy and Finance, which contains the most
complete collection of works on political economy to be
found in the United States.

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FRIDAY.

History of Political
Theories.
Prof. Dunning.

Historical and Practical
Political Economy.
Prof. Mayo-Smith.

Seminarium in Political
Economy.
Profs. Mayo- Smith
and Seligman.

History of New York.
Dr. Bernheim.

THURSDAY.

Physical Geography and
Anthropology.
Dr. Ripley.

Constitutional History
of the United States.
Prof. Burgess.

Constitutional History
of England.
Prof. Osgood.
Taxation and Finance.
Prof. Seligman.

WEDNESDAY.

History of Political
Theories.
Prof. Dunning.

Constitutional History
of the United States.
Prof. Burgess.

Historical and Practical
Political Economy.
Prof. Mayo-Smith.

TUESDAY.

History of Political
Theories.
Prof. Dunning.

Constitutional History
of Europe.
Prof. Osgood.

Constitutional History
of England.
Prof. Osgood.
Taxation and Finance.
Prof. Seligman.

MONDAY.

Constitutional History
of Europe.
Prof. Osgood.

Historical and Practical
Political Economy.
Prof. Mayo-Smith.

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10 A.M to 12

United States
Colonial History.
Prof. Osgood.

FRIDAY.

Roman Law.
Prof.MuNROE Smith.

History of Diplomacy,
Prof. Moore.
Sociology,
The Family.
Prof. GiDDINGS.

Sociology,
The Family.
Prof. GiDDINGS.

THURSDAY.

Roman Law.
Prof.MuNROE Smith.
Economic Theory.
Prof. Clark.

History of Diplomacy.
Prof. Moore.

Financial History
of the United States.
Railroad Problems.
Prof. Seligman.

WEDNESDAY.

United States during
Civil War and Re-
construction.
Prof. Dunning.

Comparative Consti-
tutional Law.
Prof. Burgess.

Administrative Law.
Prof. Goodnow.

TUESDAY.

United States during
Civil War and Re-
construction.
Prof. Dunning.

Economic Theory.
Prof. Clark.

Comparative Consti-
tutional Law.
Prof. Burgess.

Financial History
of the United States.
Railroad Problems.
Prof. Seligman.

MONDAY.

Comparative Consti-
tutional Law.
Prof. Burgess.

Administrative Law.
Prof. Goodnow.

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CALENDAR

1895 — Feb. 11 — Second term begins, Monday.

Feb. 22 — Washington's birthday, Friday, holiday.

Feb. 27 — Ash- Wednesday, holiday.

April 12 — Good- Friday, holiday.

May 20 — Concluding examinations begin, Monday.

May 30 — Memorial day, Thursday, holiday.

June 12 — Commencement, Wednesday.

Oct. 2 — Matriculation and Registration of Students

begin, Wednesday.
Oct. 7 — First term, i42d year begins, Monday.
Nov. 5 — Election day, Tuesday, holiday.

Nov. 28 — Thanksgiving day, Thursday, holiday.

Dec. 23 — Christmas holidays begin, Monday.

1896 — Jan. 4 — Christmas holidays end, Saturday.
Feb. 8 — First term ends, Saturday.

Feb. 10 — Second term begins, Monday.

Feb. 19 — Ash-Wednesday, holiday.

Feb. 22 — Washington's birthday, Saturday, holiday.

April 3 — Good-Friday, holiday.

May 30 — Memorial day, Saturday, holiday.

June 10 — Commencement, Wednesday.

COURSES

IN THE

SCHOOL OF POLITICAL SCIENCE

HISTORY, ECONOMICS, AND
PUBLIC LAW

1896-97

NOTE

In addition to the courses offered by the Faculty of Polit-
ical Science, Columbia University offers the following:

In Columbia College :

A four-years' course leading to the degree of . . . . A.B.
In the School of Law :

A three-years' course leading to the degree of ... LL.B.
In the School of Medicine (College of Physicians and Surgeons) :

A four-years' course leading to the degree of . . . . M.D.
In the School of Mines :

A four-years' course in Mining Engineering leading to the degree of M.E.

Civil Engineering " " C.E.

Sanitary Engineering " " C.E.

" Electrical Engineering " " E.E.

Metallurgy " " Met.E.

Geology and Palaeontology " " B.S.
" Analytical and Applied

Chemistry " " B.S.

" " Architecture " " B.S.

The courses detailed in this pamphlet may be taken as
major or minor subjects for the degrees of A.M. and Ph.D.,
and some of them for the degree of A.B. All of them are
elective as part of the requirements for the degree of LL.M.,
a university degree given for a four-year course in law and
political science under the two Faculties of Law and Political
Science. Other courses leading to the degrees of A.M. and
Ph.D. are given under the various university faculties, espe-
cially the Faculty of Philosophy and the Faculty of Pure
Science.

The first-year courses of the School of Law, the School of
Mines, and the College of Physicians and Surgeons, are open,
as electives, to Seniors in the College. Consequently, such
Seniors as may desire to do so can prepare themselves for
advanced standing in these schools by electing these first-year
courses and counting them for the degree of A.B.

Information and circulars as to any of the above courses
may be had by addressing the Secretary of the University.

The catalogue of the University is published in December
and is sold at twenty-five cents a copy.

All the schools and departments of Columbia University
are at Madison Avenue and 49th Street, with the exception
of the Department of Biology and the Medical School, which
are at Tenth Avenue and 59th Street.

2-96-7500

CONTENTS

Page

Faculty of Political Science ..... i

Other Officers ....... i

General Statement ....... 3

Purposes of the School ..... 3

Admission and Registration .... 4

Admission to Other Courses .... 5

Admission to Candidacy for a Degree ... 6

Fees 7

Committee on Aid for Students .... 8

Regulations as to the Degrees of Master of Arts

and Doctor of Philosophy .... 8

Regulations for the Degree of Master of Laws . 11

Political Science and Law ..... 12

Social Science . . . . . . 13

Courses of Study and Research .... 13

Seminars ........ 14

History and Political Philosophy ... 14

Public Law and Comparative Jurisprudence . 21

Economics and Social Science .... 26

Order of Studies ....... 35

University Fellowships ..... 36

University Scholarships 37

Prizes 39

Prize in Political Economy ..... 39

James Gordon Bennett Prize .... 39

Medal of the National Society .... 39

Academy of Political Science .... 40

Prize Lectureships ...... 40

Library . 41

Hours of Lectures .43

Calendar ........ 46

iii

FACULTY OF POLITICAL SCIENCE

Seth Low, LL.D. , President
John W. Burgess, Ph.D., LL.D. . . 323 West 57th St.

Professor of History, Political Science, and Constitutional Law
Dean of the Faculty

Richmond Mayo-Smith, Ph.D. . . 305 West 77th St.
Professor of Political Economy and Social Science

Munroe Smith, A.M., J.U.D. 115th St., near Riverside Drive
Professor of Roman Law and Comparative Jurisprudence

Frank J. Goodnow, A.M., LL.D. . .25 West 74th St.
Professor of Administrative Law
Secretary of the Faculty

Edwin R. A. Seligman, LL. B., Ph.D. . 40 West 71st St.

Professor of Political Economy and Finance
Herbert L. Osgood, Ph.D. . . Columbia University

Adjunct Professor of History
William A. Dunning, Ph.D. . 70 Hanson Place, Brooklyn

Adjunct Professor of History and Political Philosophy
John Bassett Moore, A.B. . 24 Locust St., Flushing, L. I.

Hamilton Fish Professor of International Law and Diplomacy
Franklin H. Giddings, A.M. . . 150 West 79th St.

Professor of Sociology
John B. Clark, Ph.D. . . . Columbia University

Professor of Political Economy

James Harvey Robinson, Ph.D. . 170 West 85th St.

Professor of History

Edmond Kelly, A.M 107 East 60th St.

Lecturer on the Political History of the State and City of New York
Frederic Bancroft, Ph.D. Metropolitan Club, Washing-
ton, D. C.

Lecturer on American History

OTHER OFFICERS

George Louis Beer, A.M. . 38 Manhattan Square, South

Prize Lecturer 1894-97, on European History
Harry Alonzo Cushing . . 251 West 54th St.

Prize Lecturer 1895-98, on History

SCHOOL OF POLITICAL SCIENCE

Arthur M. Day, A.M. East Side House, Foot East 76th St.
Assistant in Economics

Prize Lecturer 1896-99

Robert Senftner .... Columbia University
Registrar

GENERAL STATEMENT

Purposes of the School

The School of Political Science is under the direction of
the Faculty of Political Science, and has charge of the univer-
sity courses of study and research in history, economics, and
public law.

The School of Political Science was opened on Monday,
the fourth day of October, 1880.

(a) To fit young men for all the political branches of the
public service.

(b) To give an adequate economic and legal training to
those who intend to make journalism their profession.

(c) To supplement, by courses in public law and compara-
tive jurisprudence, the instruction in private municipal law
offered by the Faculty of Law.

(d) To educate teachers of political and social science.

Young men who wish to obtain positions in the United
States Civil Service — especially in those positions in the
Executive Departments at Washington for which special
examinations are held, will find it advantageous to follow
many of the courses under the Faculty of Political Science.
Some of the subjects upon which applicants for these positions

SCHOOL OF POLITICAL SCIENCE

are examined are treated very fully in the curriculum of the
school. Thus, extended courses of lectures are given on
political geography and history, diplomatic history and
international law, government, statistics, finance, and ad-
ministration.

Admission and Registration

Admission to the School of Political Science is ordinarily
granted to students who have completed the curriculum of
some college in good standing at least to the close of the
Junior year. Other persons of suitable age and attainments
may also be admitted, to pursue special or partial courses
with the consent of the Dean and of the instructor. There
are no formal examinations for admission. Applications for
admission are received at any time by the Secretary ; but it
is generally advisable that they be presented, if possible, at
the beginning of the academic year.

An application for admission may be made at the office of
the Dean of the Faculty of Political Science, or at such other
place as may be designated, from time to time, for the pur-
pose of registration.

The student will then receive a certificate from the officer
in charge which he must present to the Treasurer. He will
then receive a matriculation card, after payment of the
matriculation and tuition fees. This matriculation card must
be shown to the officer in charge of registration, from whom
the student then receives a registration book, which entitles
him to attend the lectures in the School of Political Science,
and which must be shown to each professor or other instructor
at the beginning of each course of lectures.

Every applicant for admission is expected to register at
the beginning of each academic year of his membership in
the school, on the Wednesday preceding the first Monday in
October. A student who enters on his studies after the
beginning of the academic year must register at the office of
the Dean of the School of Political Science at the time of his
entering on his studies.

A student is counted as a full member of the school only
from the date of issue of the registration book, and during

GENERAL STATEMENT

the period of his being actually engaged in his studies as a
resident in the school.

Every student is required to file a list of his studies for the
academic year at the time he registers, or within one week
thereafter, at the office of the Secretary of the University. If
he subsequently wishes to make any change in his studies he
must file written notice of his wish at the Dean's office and
must obtain the assent of the Dean.

Immediate written notice must be given to the Dean of any
change of address.

Admission to the School of Political Science does not imply
admission to candidacy for a degree. The conditions of
candidacy for the several degrees are given below.

Admission to Other Courses

Any duly matriculated student in the School of Political
Science is at liberty to attend courses offered by Columbia
College or by the Faculties of Philosophy, Law, Medicine,
Mines (Applied Science), and Pure Science, without any
additional fee.

Undergraduate studies of particular value to students in

this School are as follows :

Hours
Per Week

Outline of Mediaeval History (ist term) . . .2
Outline of Modern History (2d term) ... 2
Outline of European History since 1815 (ist term) . 2
American History (ist term) ..... 2
Elements of Political Economy (2d term) . . .2
Economic History (ist term) ..... 2

Among the cognate courses given by the Faculty of Phi-
losophy are :

History of philosophy, 2 hours a week; ethics, 2 hours a
week ; biological anthropology, 2 hours a week ; readings in
Gaius and Ulpian, 1 hour a week ; readings in Anglo-Saxon
law; courses in Norman French, in the various modern
languages, and others.

Students enrolled either in the General, in the Union, or in
the Jewish, Theological Seminary, in the City of New York,

SCHOOL OF POLITICAL SCIENCE

who may be designated for the privilege by the authorities of
those institutions, and accepted by the President of Columbia
University, are admitted to the courses offered by the Faculty
of Political Science free of charge for tuition.

By the terms of an alliance between Columbia University
and the Teachers' College, at Morningside Heights, duly -
qualified students of the Teachers' College are permitted to
enter courses offered by the Faculty of Political Science
either as candidates for degrees or as special students.

All of these institutions offer reciprocal privileges to stu-
dents of Columbia University.

Admission to Candidacy for a Degree

Students are received as candidates for the degree of
Bachelor of Arts, Master of Arts, Master of Laws or Doctor
of Philosophy.

If the applicant is a candidate for a degree, he must file a
certificate of his completion of the Junior year in some college
of good standing, or if he holds a degree from any institution
he must file evidence of such degree. Blanks for this purpose
may be secured at the Dean's office. Certificates of graduation
or dismission from institutions of learning in foreign countries
are also accepted.

Candidates for the degree of Bachelor of Arts are required
to pursue courses of instruction amounting in all to not less
than fifteen hours of attendance per week for one year, and
must conform to such requirements regarding a graduation
thesis as are established for members of the Senior Class in
Columbia College. Their selection of studies is not confined
to those in this faculty. Students may pursue courses offered
by the Faculty of Philosophy or the Faculty of Pure Science,
or the first-year course in the School of Law or the School of
Medicine, and count the same as part of the requirements for
the Bachelor's degree. Law students, for example, may thus
take their Bachelor's degree and so shorten by one year the
time which otherwise would be necessary for the attainment
of degrees in both arts and law.

GENERAL STATEMENT

Candidates for the degrees of Master of Arts and Doctor
of Philosophy must hold a Bachelor's degree or an engineer-
ing degree from some institution in good standing and
continue their studies for not less than one and two years
respectively. They are required to pursue courses of study
and research in one major and two minor subjects. For a
further statement see the regulations for University Degrees,
pages 8 to n.

Candidates for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy who
have been in residence at other universities are given credit
for the same. But no student can be a candidate for any
degree unless he has been in residence at Columbia Uni-
versity at least one term.

For the degree of Master of Laws see pages n and 12.

Students may present themselves for examination for a
degree at any time during the year whenever the require-
ments as to residence and an essay or dissertation have been
complied with.

Fees

The matriculation fee is $5. This is not payable annually,
but only at the commencement of the student's connection
with the University.

The annual tuition fee for every candidate for a degree is
$150, payable in two equal instalments in October and Feb-
ruary. For the degree of Master of Arts the maximum fee
is $150; for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy the maximum
fee is $300. The fee for students not candidates for a degree
is calculated at the rate of $15 a year for each hour of attend-
ance per week upon university exercises with a maximum fee
of $150. In every case the fee covers the specified number of
hours throughout the year — no student being received for a
less period than one year. Such fees, when not more than

SCHOOL OF POLITICAL SCIENCE

one hundred dollars, are payable in advance; otherwise in
half-yearly instalments at the same time as regular fees.

Examination fees are as follows : For the degree of
Bachelor of Arts, $15; for the degree of Master of Arts or
Master of Laws, $25 ; for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy,
$35 ; for examinations at unusual times, such as second ex-
aminations, $5. The examination fee must in each case be
paid before the candidate presents himself for examination
for the degree.

Holders of university and other fellowships are exempt
from the payment of all fees.

Committee on Aid for Students

The University Council has constituted a Standing Com-
mittee on Aid for Students. It is the design of the Committee
to put students desiring to work their way through the Uni-
versity, especially those coming from elsewhere than New
York or the immediate vicinity, in the way of earning enough
for their partial or complete support, or if possible to extend
assistance to them in other ways while they are pursuing their
studies here. It is believed that many opportunities may be
offered to students of this class if the fact of their desire to
obtain employment is made known. Some of the openings
likely to be available are: Private tutoring, translating,
copying of various sorts, teaching in evening schools, univer-
sity extension lecturing, typewriting, selling text-books. All
communications should be addressed to the Committee.

Regulations as to the Degrees of Master of Arts and
Doctor of Philosophy

1. Candidates for the degrees of Master of Arts and Doctor of Philosophy
must hold a baccalaureate degree in arts, letters, philosophy, or science, or an
engineering degree, or an equivalent of one of these from a foreign institution
of learning.

The Deans of the several schools will require candidates for the higher
degrees to present satisfactory evidence that they are qualified for the studies
they desire to undertake.

2. Candidates for the degrees of Master of Arts and Doctor of Philosophy
must pursue their studies in residence for a minimum period of one and two

MASTER OF ARTS AND DOCTOR OF PHILOSOPHY 9

years, respectively.* The year spent in study for the degree of Master of Arts
is credited on account of the requirement for the degree of Doctor of Philos-
ophy. Residence at other universities may be credited to a candidate. In
certain cases and by special arrangement, time exclusively devoted to in-
vestigation in the field will be credited in partial fulfilment of the time required.
No degree will be conferred upon any student who has not been in residence
at Columbia University for at least one year.

3. Each student who declares himself a candidate for the degrees of Master
of Arts and Doctor of Philosophy, or either of them, shall, immediately after
registration, designate one principal or major subject and two subordinate or
minor subjects, which shall be the studies of his university course.

4. The subjects from which the candidate's selection must be made are :
Under the Faculty of Political Science :

Group I. — History and political philosophy: 1. European history; 2.
American history ; 3. political philosophy.

Group II. — Public law and comparative jurisprudence: 1. constitutional
law; 2. international law ; 3. criminal law ; 4. administrative law ; 5. com-
parative jurisprudence.

Group III. — Economics and social science: 1. political economy and
finance ; 2. sociology and statistics.

In his choice of subjects under this faculty, the candidate is limited by the
regulation that not more than two of the three subjects may be selected from
any one of the above groups, and by the following rules :

Candidates offering European history as the major subject, must offer
American history as one of the minor subjects, and vice versa.

Candidates offering political economy and finance as the major subject, must
offer sociology and statistics as one of the minor subjects, and vice versa.

Candidates will not be permitted to offer constitutional law alone as the major
subject for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy, but must combine with it the
course on general international law, or on comparative administrative law.

Candidates offering international law, or criminal law, or administrative law
as the major subject, must take constitutional law as one minor subject.

Candidates will not be permitted to offer criminal law alone as the major
subject for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy, but must combine with it the
course on general international law.

To be recognized as a major subject for the degree of Master of Arts the
courses selected must aggregate at least two hours per week throughout the
year, and must also include attendance at a seminar ; for a minor subject for
the degree of Master of Arts, the attendance at a seminar is not required.

To be recognized as a minor subject for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy,
courses must be taken, in addition to the requirements for a minor subject for
the degree of Master of Arts, aggregating two hours weekly. To be recognized
as a major subject for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy, all of the courses
and seminars offered in that subject must be taken.

* In practice three years of study is usually necessary to obtain the degree of Doctor
of Philosophy.

SCHOOL OF POLITICAL SCIENCE

5. Each student is given a registration book, which is signed by the
professor or instructor in charge of each course of instruction or investigation
at the beginning and end of every such course. This registration book is to be
preserved by the student as evidence of work accomplished and should be
submitted to the Deans of the several faculties at the end of each year, that
proper credit may be given and entered on the permanent records of the
institution.

6. Students desiring to be examined as candidates for any degree must make
written application for such examination to the Dean of the proper faculty, on
blank forms provided for the purpose. All such applications must be made on
or before April 1st of the academic year in which examination is desired, and
must be accompanied by the candidate's registration book, properly signed as
above provided.

7. Each candidate for the degree of Master of Arts shall present an essay
on some topic previously approved by the professor in charge of his major
subject. Before the candidate is admitted to examination the professor in
charge of his major subject must have signified his approval of such essay.
The Faculty of Political Science requires this essay to be a paper read during
the year before the seminar of which the candidate is a member.

8. Each candidate for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy shall present a
dissertation, embodying the result of original investigation and research, on
some topic previously approved by the faculty. When such dissertation has
been approved by the faculty, it shall be printed by the candidate, and one
hundred and fifty copies shall be delivered to the faculty, unless for reasons of
weight, a smaller number be accepted by special action of the University
Council. On the title-page of every such dissertation shall be printed the
words : 1 4 Submitted in partial fulfilment of the requirements for the degree of

Doctor of Philosophy, in the Faculty of , Columbia University."

There shall be appended to each dissertation a statement of the educational
institution that the author has attended, a list of the degrees and honors
conferred upon him, as well as the titles of any previous publications.

The several faculties have delegated the power to approve the subject chosen
for his dissertation by any candidate for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy,
as well as the power to approve the dissertation itself, to the professor in
charge of the candidate's major subject.

The Faculty of Political Science requires the dissertation to be submitted
not later than April 1st of the academic year in which the examination for the
degree is desired. With the consent of the Dean and the professor in charge
of the candidate's major subject the examination may be held before the
printed dissertation is submitted.

9. Every candidate for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy, in addition to
passing such other examinations as may be required by the faculty, shall be
subjected to an oral examination on his major subject, and shall defend his
dissertation, in the presence of the entire faculty or of so many of its members
as may desire to attend. The ability to read at sight Latin, French, and
German, is required by the Faculty of Political Science, to be certified by the
Dean.

MASTER OF LAWS

10. Students holding college degrees, who shall have completed with marked
distinction one of the regular courses in the School of Law, the School of
Medicine, or the School of Mines, may be recommended for the degree of
Master of Arts ; provided that in each case the candidate presents a satisfactory
dissertation, and that at least a part of the extra work required of him for the
degree of Master of Arts be taken under the direction of either the Faculty of
Philosophy, the Faculty of Political Science, or the Faculty of Pure Science, to
the extent of a minor course for not less than one year.

Regulations for the Degree of Master of Laws

1. Any student who has satisfactorily completed the regular course of study
in Columbia College, to the close of the Junior year, or in some other college
maintaining an equivalent curriculum (every such case of equivalency to be con-
sidered on its own merit), shall be entitled to be recommended for the degree of
Master of Laws upon certificates from the Faculty of Law and the Faculty of
Political Science that he has satisfactorily completed a four-years' course of
study under said faculties.

2. Every candidate for the degree of Master of Laws must elect from the
subjects offered by said faculties, courses aggregating, in the four years, fifty-
two hours per week, and must pass satisfactory examinations upon the sub-
jects elected ; provided that not more than thirty-four hours of work may be
elected either in the field of private law, or in that of public law, social
ethics, history, and economics.

3. Students, otherwise qualified, who have received the degree of Bachelor
of Laws from this University, after pursuing the full course of study, shall be
entitled, upon pursuing for an additional year a course of study of at least
thirteen hours per week, under either or both of said faculties, and passing
satisfactory examinations therein, to receive the degree of Master of Laws ;
provided that no student shall receive the degree who has not studied and
passed satisfactory examinations in comparative constitutional law, adminis-
trative law, Roman law, international law, and in the three courses offered
on equity* and who has not pursued here, or elsewhere, courses of instruction
satisfactory to the Faculty of Political Science in history, social ethics, and
economics.

4. Each faculty shall determine the order in which the subjects offered by
it shall be taken, and the maximum amount of work to be done therein during
any one year.

5. Students from other universities, colleges, or law schools, who shall have
satisfactorily completed a course of study equivalent to at least one term of
thirteen hours per week in the subjects indicated in Section 2, after receiving a
Bachelor's degree, may be excused from the corresponding number of terms of
the four years' residence required at Columbia, provided that in no case shall
any one receive the degree of Master of Laws who has not spent at least four

* Under this provision students would be allowed, but not required, to take history of
European law, conflict of private law, law of municipal corporations, and the law of
taxation.

I 2

SCHOOL OF POLITICAL SCIENCE

years in the study of the said subjects in some university, college, or law
school ; and the decision whether work at another institution shall be accepted
as equivalent to work at Columbia, shall rest, as far as the studies under the
Faculty of Law are concerned, with the Faculty of Law, and as far as the studies
under the Faculty of Political Science are concerned, with the Faculty of Polit-
ical Science. But neither faculty shall admit a student from another university,
college, or law school, to examination for the degree of Master of Laws without
a residence of at least one term in this University.**

POLITICAL SCIENCE AND LAW
In General

The instruction offered by the Faculty of Political Science
upon constitutional, administrative, international, and crim-
inal law, and upon Roman law and comparative jurispru-
dence, furnishes the natural and necessary complement to
the courses offered by the Faculty of Law. Law is, with us,
the chief avenue into politics; and for this reason, if for no
other, a complete legal education should include the science
of politics. But the importance to the lawyer of the subjects
above mentioned does not depend simply on the prospect of
a political career. To become a thorough practitioner the
student must acquire a considerable knowledge of public
law; and if he wishes to be anything more than a practitioner,
if he wishes to know law as a science, some knowledge of
other systems than our own becomes imperative. From this
point of view the Roman law is of paramount importance,

** Under the above regulations the student may choose either of two courses leading to
the degree of Master of Laws. He may study primarily for the Bachelor of Laws degree,
and, after obtaining this, prosecute his studies a year longer for the Master's degree ; or he
may register himself from the outside as a candidate for the Master's degree without
attempting to take the Bachelor's degree. Those students who believe that they will be
able to devote the necessary time to the legal studies, are strongly recommended to take the
latter course. Such students will find it to their advantage to make their elections for the
first year largely in the field of social ethics, political philosophy, constitutional history, and
economics, combining with these subjects courses in the elements of jurisprudence and the
general principles of contracts and torts, and to divide the subsequent years between public
and private law.

The student who has completed his Junior year in Columbia College, or in some other
college maintaining an equivalent curriculum, may obtain the degree of Bachelor of
Arts from Columbia College upon such a combination of legal and political courses
aggregating not less than fifteen hours a week for one year ; and such courses will also be
counted as a part of the fifty-two hours a week required for the degree of Master of Laws.

SOCIAL SCIENCE

not merely by reason of its scientific structure, but because it
is the basis of all modern systems except the English.

Of these subjects, criminal law is required as part of the
Bachelor of Laws degree in the Law School, and Roman law,
history of European law, comparative jurisprudence, com-
parative constitutional law, administrative law, law of munici-
pal corporations, law of taxation, and international law, are
elective for the same degree. The Faculty of Law also
recommends that students who have not had an adequate
training in history economics, and finance, shall so prolong
their course of study that they may avail themselves of the
opportunity offered in the School of Political Science for
studying these subjects.

SOCIAL SCIENCE

The work in economics and sociology falls under three
heads, viz. : The university courses of instruction in the
various departments of social science, the work in the
statistical laboratory, and the "field work," or practical
work in connection with the Charity Organization Society,
the Brooklyn Bureau of Charities, the State Charities Aid
Association, the University Settlement Society of New York
City, and the East Side House. These are fully explained in
the separate announcement of the courses in sociology.

COURSES OF STUDY AND RESEARCH FOR
1896-97 1

The course of study embraces instruction and research in
three groups of subjects:

I History and Political Philosophy.
II Public Law and Comparative Jurisprudence.
Ill Economics and Social Science.

1 Subject to revision in details in case of need.

SCHOOL OF POLITICAL SCIENCE

Seminars

Outside of the regular instruction in the various subjects
by lecture, it is the intention to furnish the students an
opportunity for special investigation of historical, legal,
economic and social questions under the direction of the pro-
fessors. This is done by means of original papers prepared
by the students. The papers are read before the professor
and the students, and are then criticised and discussed. There
will be at least one seminarium in each subject. The number
of meetings and the topics to be discussed are determined
each year. Attendance at a seminar in the major subject
is necessary on the part of candidates for the degrees of
Master of Arts or Doctor of Philosophy.

There are also preliminary seminars in history and polit-
ical economy designed primarily for those that are not fully
prepared for the more advanced work. A preliminary semi-
nar taken by a candidate for the degree of Bachelor of
Arts will count for one hour toward the fifteen hours neces-
sary for a degree.

Group I — History and Political Philosophy

1 (A) Outline of Mediaeval and Modern History. — Two hours
a week: Mr. Cushing.

2 (B) Outline of European History since 1815. — Two hours a
week, first term: Prof. Dunning and Mr. Cushing.

5 American History, — Three hours a week: Prof. Dunning.

Subject A— European History

7 Introduction to Modern European History. — The aim of this
course is to furnish the student with such preliminary ideas
of the mediaeval church and of the culture and thought of the

1 The lettered courses are required for undergraduates.

COURSES OF STUDY AND RESEARCH 15

fourteenth and fifteenth centuries as shall permit an intelli-
gent study of the Reformation. The development of the
papal hierarchy, the sources of the power and the nature of
the corruption, of the church will be considered, as well as the
great reform movement of the fourteenth and fifteenth cen-
turies, culminating in the Councils of Constance and Basle.
The contrast between the tendencies of mediaeval and modern
thought will be illustrated by the writings of Dante, Petrarch,
and the Humanists. The peculiar political conditions of
Italy and the phases of political speculation from Aquinas to
Machiavelli will be sketched out. Burckhardt's Civilization of
the Renaissance will be used as a hand-book in the latter part
of the work. — Two hours a week, first term: Prof. Robinson.
This course will be given in 1897-98.

8 The Reformation and the Beginning of the Catholic Reaction. —
This course will include a consideration of the political and
intellectual conditions in Germany at the opening of the six-
teenth century; the character and success of the Lutheran
reform, taking into account the criticisms of Erasmus and of
later writers like Dollinger, Hergenrother, and Janssen. The
course of the Reformation outside of Germany; Calvin and
the ''Institutes of Christianity"; the work of the Council of
Trent; the Society of Jesus, its aims and organization; the
Inquisition, and the development of the censorship of the
press. — Two hours a week, second term: Prof. Robinson.

This course will be given in 1897-98.

Q The Political History of Europe from the Peace of Augsburg
( J SSS) to the Treaty of Westphalia {1648). — Comprising the
reign of Philip II. ; the Revolt of the Netherlands; the Wars
of Religion in France, and the Thirty Years' War. — Two hours
a week, first term: Prof. Robinson.

10 France under Louis XIV. — The Antecedents and Opening of
the French Revolution. — This course will include a description
of the organization of the French monarchy under Louis XIV. ;
the policy of Colbert; the development of the spirit of revo-
lution in the eighteenth century. The more characteristic
writings of Voltaire, Montesquieu, Rousseau, and Turgot, will
be discussed and the progress of reform in France from the

SCHOOL OF POLITICAL SCIENCE

accession of Louis XVI. to the completion of the Constitution
of 1791 will be considered as a whole with a view of showing
the strict historical continuity between the Revolution and the
conditions preceding it. Besides gaining some familiarity
with the works of the chief contemporaneous writers, students
will be required to read De Tocqueville's Ancien Regime. — Two
hours a week, second term : Prof. Robinson.

11 Europe and the French Revolution, iyp2-iS'i^. — This will
comprise a study of the antecedents of the revolutionary period
in Europe; the causes of the general European war; the
government of the committee of public safety; the partition
of Poland ; the rise of Bonaparte; the internal conditions in
France after the Reign of Terror; the foundation of the
Consulate and the general peace of 1801. In treating Napo-
leon's reconstruction of Europe special attention will be given
to the permanent results of his policy. The course will termi-
nate with a study of the Congress of Vienna. — Two hours a
week: Prof. Robinson.

This course will be given in 1897-98.

12 The Development of Prussia under the Hohenzollern Dynasty
and the Unification of Germany, 1416-1871. — Two hours a week,
first term : Prof. Robinson.

13 The Sources of Later Mediceval and of Modern Continental
History — Methods of Historical Study. — While emphasis will be
laid in all the above courses on the sources of our knowledge,
this will furnish a systematic view of the whole field, and will
include practical bibliographical exercises on the part of the
students. Bernheim's Lehrbuch der Historischen Methode will
serve as a basis for the work. — Two hours a week, second
term : Prof. Robinson.

14 Seminar in Modern European History. — Two hours every
other week, both terms: Prof. Robinson.

15 The Political and Constitutional History of England. — The
object of this course of lectures is to trace the growth of the
English constitution from the earliest to the present times,
dwelling upon foreign relations during periods when they had
an important influence. Particular attention is paid to the
administrative system developed by the Norman monarchs,

COURSES OF STUDY AND RESEARCH

and to the struggle of the thirteenth century, which cul-
minated in the legislative work of Edward I. The political
results of the Reformation are described. Under the Stuarts,
the conflict between the crown and parliament, which had
been interrupted at the close of the fourteenth century, was
resumed, owing chiefly to the rise of Puritanism. The House
of Commons now leads the opposition. The history of the
struggle between the two is detailed till the most important
questions in dispute were settled by the events of 1688-89.
The development of parliamentary government under the
aristocratic regime is then outlined. About the beginning of
this century, and largely in consequence of the industrial
revolution, the democratizing of the constitution began.
The account given of the development of this tendency closes
with the Reform Bill of 1884. The work of the first term
will close at 1640. The history subsequent to that date will
be treated during the second term. — Two hours a week :
Prof. Osgood.

16 Rise and Development of the French Monarchy during the
latter half of the middle ages. — The purpose of this course of
lectures is to trace the constitutional history of France from
the dissolution of the Carolingian empire to the era of the
absolute monarchy, at the close of the middle ages. The main
line of evolution in the history of the French state during this
period is the growth of the kingship from great theoretical
powers and practical impotency under the first Capetians to
the absolute monarchy of Louis XI. The various steps in this
development, the forces aiding and opposing the extension of
the royal power, the financial, judicial and administrative
institutions necessitated by the centralization of power in the
king, are described. — Two hours a week, second term: Mr.
Beer.

17 History of European Law. — See post., p. 31. — Two hours
a week: Prof. Munroe Smith.

18 History of Diplomacy. — See post., p. 28. — Two hours a
week, first term : Prof. Moore.

19 Early Church History. — The ante-Nicene period, a.d.
100-31 1 ; spread and persecution ; literary conflict with

SCHOOL OF POLITICAL SCIENCE

heathenism and heresy ; conversion of the Roman empire ;
development of Christian doctrine and discipline. — Two hours
a week. See foot note.

20 Mediceval Church History. — From the time of Constantine
to the Reformation. Nicene and post-Nicene periods : Monas-
ticism ; rise of the papacy; development of doctrine ; mediaeval
Christianity; conversion of the barbarians, separation of the
Greek and Latin churches; the papacy and the empire; the
Crusades; preparation for the Reformation. — Two hours a
week. See foot note.

21 Modern Church History. — The Reformation on the con-
tinent, in England and Scotland ; the Roman Catholic counter-
reformation ; history of the Lutheran and Reformed churches.
Two hours a week. See foot note.

22 Seminar in European History. — Two hours a week : Prof.
Osgood.

Subject B— American History

23 Political and Constitutional History of the United States. —
This course of lectures covers the history of the colonies and
of the revolutionary war; the formation and dissolution of
the confederate constitution of 1781, the federal constitution
of 1787 and its application down to the civil war; the changes
wrought in the constitution by the civil war, and the result-
ing transformation of the public law of the United States. —
Two hours a week : Prof. Burgess.

24 Political History of the Colonies and of the American Revo-
lution. — This is an investigation course, extending through
two years. During the first year attention will be devoted to
the settlement of the colonies and their development in the
seventeenth century. During the second year the growth of
the system of colonial administration, the conflict with the
French, and the revolt of the colonies, will be investigated.
The object of the course is twofold : First, to acquaint the
student as thoroughly as possible with the history of the
period ; second, to teach him how to investigate and how to

This course is given at the Union Theological Seminary, but may be counted
as an equivalent of a two-hour course in Columbia.

COURSES OF STUDY AND RESEARCH

do the constructive work of the historian. The subject is
taken up topically, and the titles of the chief original authori-
ties bearing upon each topic are given by the instructor.
These works the student must read, compare, and criticise.
The result of his study must appear in the form of a consist-
ent and truthful account of the event of which he is treating.
It is intended that attention shall be fixed as exclusively as
possible upon original sources. When secondary material is
used, it must be examined and criticised in the light of the
original. When necessary, an analytical study of the his-
tories, relations, or other authorities, is undertaken for the
purpose of ascertaining the degree of their credibility. Atten-
tion is also called to the character of historical writing in each
period under investigation. Students are brought, as far as
possible, to view the world from the standpoint of the men
whose works they are studying. It is intended that a class
taking the full course shall have discussed before it all the
most important original authorities bearing upon the history
of the American colonies and revolution. — Two hours a week
for two years : Prof. Osgood.

25 The United States during Civil War and Reconstruction. —
The object of this course is to describe the constitutional
principles which came into play during the period from i860
to 1877. Among the topics discussed in more or less detail
are: The principles of the appeal to arms; the nature and
scope of the "war power"; the status of the negro as affected
by the war; the various theories of reconstruction; the
adoption of the last three amendments to the constitution;
the actual process of reconstruction; the so-called ''force
legislation"; and the circumstances attending the final cessa-
tion of national interference in the Southern States. — Two
hours a week, second term: Prof. Dunning.

26 History of American Diplomacy. — See post, p. 28. — Two
hours a week, second term : Prof. Moore.

27 American Church History. — Two hours a week. See foot
note, p. 18.

28 The Political History of the United States, 1 849-1 861. —
Among the chief subjects treated in this course are: The

SCHOOL OF POLITICAL SCIENCE

political results of the Mexican war; the compromise of 1850,
the election of 1852, and the end of the Whig party; the
Kansas-Nebraska bill; the development of the American and
the Republican parties; the fight for Kansas; the election of
1856; the Dred Scott case; the Kansas question in Congress;
the Lincoln-Douglas debate, the "Irrepressible Conflict";
John Brown's raid, and "The Impending Crisis"; the conven-
tions and campaign of i860; efforts at compromise; the
formation of the Confederacy and the outbreak of the civil
war. — Two hours a week, first term: Dr. Bancroft.

29 Seminar in Early American History. — One hour a week:
Prof. Osgood.

Subject C— Political Philosophy

40 General History of Political Theories. — Every people
known to history has possessed some form, however vague
and primitive, of political government. Every people which
has attained a degree of enlightenment above the very lowest
has been permeated by some ideas, more or less systematic,
as to the origin, nature, and limitations of governmental
authority. It is the purpose of this course to trace historic-
ally the development of these ideas, from the primitive
notions of primitive people to the complex and elaborate
philosophical theories that have characterized the ages of
highest intellectual refinement.

Book I. treats mainly of the political philosophy of Greece
and Rome, with especial attention to the profound
speculations of Plato and Aristotle.

Book II. discusses the political doctrines of early Christianity
and the Christian church, with the controversy of papacy
and empire, and the elaborate systems of St. Thomas
Aquinas and his adversaries.

Book III. treats of that age of renaissance and reformation
in which Machiavelli and Bodin, Suarez and Bellarmino,
Luther and Calvin, worked out their various solutions of
the great problem, how to reconcile the conflicting doc-
trines of theology, ethics, and politics.

COURSES OF STUDY AND RESEARCH 21

Book IV. covers the period during which the theories were
wrought out which found realization in the English and
French revolutions. Here are examined the doctrine of
natural law as developed by Grotius and Puffendorf, the
doctrine of divine right of kings with its corollary of
passive obedience, as in Filmer and Bossuet, the theory
of the constitutionalists, Locke and Montesquieu, and the
idea of social contract made most famous by Rousseau.

Book V. traces the various currents of thought since Rous-
seau : The idealism of Kant, Fichte, and Hegel, the
reactionary philosophy which sought to overcome the
tendencies of the revolution, the historical school of Burke
and Savigny, and the English individualists like Bentham,
Mill, and Spencer. — Two hours a week: Prof. Dunning.

41 American Political Philosophy. — As the first nation to
realize in practice many of the principles that characterize the
modern state, the United States offers special opportunities
for research to the student of political philosophy. In this
course a twofold line of discussion is followed : First, by a
study of the various documents of the revolutionary era, the
Declaration of Independence, the constitutions, national and
commonwealth, and other state papers, the dominant ideas of
the people are derived from their official records. Second,
the writings of the leading statesmen, like Hamilton, Jeffer-
son, Calhoun, and Webster, as well as the more systematic
and philosophical works of Lieber, Mulford, Brownson,
Jameson, and others, are analyzed and subjected to critical
comment. — One hour a week, in 1896-97 and alternate years
thereafter: Prof. Dunning.

42 Seminar in Political Philosophy. — One hour a week : Prof.
Dunning.

Group II — Public Law and Comparative Jurisprudence

Subject A — Constitutional Law

I Comparative Co?istitutional Law of the Principal European
States and of the United States : comprehending a comparison of
the provisions of the constitutions, principally of England,

2 2

SCHOOL OF POLITICAL SCIENCE

United States, France, and Germany, the interpretation of
the same by legislative enactments and judicial decisions, and
the generalization from them of the fundamental principles of
public law common to them all. — Three hours a week: Prof.
Burgess.

5 Seminar in Constitutional Law. — Two hours a week: Prof.
Burgess.

Subject B — International Law

6 History of Diplomacy. — The object of this course is to
exhibit the evolution of the relations between independent
states and the manner in which those relations are conducted.
The history of the diplomatic system of Europe is traced
from its beginnings to the present time, and an exposition is
given of the religious, dynastic, territorial, and commercial
struggles of which that system is the result. The first part
of the course relates to the development of the European
concert prior to the Peace of Westphalia. This is followed
by an examination of the most important of the general
European treaties, beginning with those concluded at the
Congress of Westphalia in 1648, and ending with the Treaty
of Berlin of 1878. — Two hours a week, first term: Prof.
Moore.

7 History of American Diplomacy. — In the study of American
diplomacy special attention will be given to the history and
method of the diplomacy of the United States. The course
will comprehend (1) the diplomacy of the revolution; (2) the
period from the Treaty of Peace of 1783 to the termination
of the war of 181 2; (3) from the termination of that war to
the civil war; (4) from the outbreak of the latter war to the
present time. — Two hours a week, second term: Prof. Moore.

8 International Law. — This course treats of the general
principles of international law, as it has been developed by
positive agreement, in the form of treaties and conventions,
and by common usage, as shown in legislation, in the decis-
ions of international tribunals and of municipal courts, and
in the conduct of nations. The rules thus discovered are
discussed in the light of the principles of reason and justice,

COURSES OF STUDY AND RESEARCH 23

as scientifically presented by writers on international law,
and an effort is made to trace the systematic establishment
of the rules which govern intercourse among nations at the
present day. — Two hours a week: Prof. Moore.

10 Seminar in International Law. — Two hours a week: Prof.
Moore.

Subject C — Criminal Law

11 Criminal Law, including the Conflict of Penal Laws
and Extradition. — This course embraces (1) the general
principles of criminal law, defining the relation of the indi-
vidual to the state, as regards the maintenance of public
order; (2) the conflict of penal laws, and the punishment of
extra-territorial crime; (3) extradition, including (a) the de-
livery up of fugitives from justice as between nations, and
(b) the delivery of such fugitives as between the states of
the American Union, or interstate rendition. — Two hours a
week: Prof. Moore.

Subject D— Administrative Law

16 Comparative Administrative Law of the United States
and the Principal European States. — The purpose of this
course is to present the general principles of the administra-
tive law of the United States, both in the nation and in the
commonwealths, and to compare them with the law of Eng-
land, France, and Germany. The following list of topics
will give a general idea of the particular subjects discussed:
The principle of the separation or distribution of powers;
the executive power; administrative councils; heads of de-
partments, their tenure of office, their powers and duties;
local (including municipal) government; officers, their ap-
pointment or election, their duties, their rights, removal
from office; the administration in action; the control over
the administration possessed by the higher administrative
officers, the courts, and the legislature. Special attention
will here be paid to the writs of mandamus, quo warranto,
certiorari, habeas corpus, and prohibition, and their statutory
substitutes, by means of which the courts exercise their con-
trol over the administration. The new courts will also be

2 4

SCHOOL OF POLITICAL SCIENCE

examined, which have been established in France and Ger-
many during this century, and to which the name of admin-
istrative courts has been given. — Two hours a week: Prof.
Goodnow.

17 The Law of Municipal Corporations. — This course treats
of the development of the American municipal corporation ;
the creation of municipal corporations; the control over
American municipal corporations possessed by the common-
wealth legislature, and its constitutional limitations, both
national and commonwealth; the dissolution of municipal
corporations, and its effect; the organization of municipal
corporations, together with a detailed discussion of their
powers and liabilities, both as governmental agencies and as
corporate bodies, subjects of private law. — Two hours a
week, first term : Prof. Goodnow.

18 The Law of Taxation. — The subjects treated in this
course are: The nature of taxes and the taxing power; the
limitations placed by the constitutions, both national and
commonwealth, upon the taxing power; the construction of
tax proceedings; the rules of law relative to the particular
taxes, both national and commonwealth, levied in the United
States; the methods of assessment and collection, and the
remedies open to the individual against arbitrary, unjust, and
illegal taxation. — Two hours a week, second term: Prof.
Goodnow.

19 Municipal Politics. — This course will include a brief
survey of municipal development, with a view to determining
the conditions that make municipal prosperity and those that
contribute to its decay. It will include a brief study of
municipal organization in Europe and in the United States;
the respective merits of government by mayor and govern-
ment by council; the relation of the city to the state, or,
Home Rule; unsolved municipal problems, such as the
treatment of sewage and garbage; the distinction between
dispensable and indispensable municipal functions; whether
the indispensable functions of municipal government, such
as charity and correction, can be usefully usurped by private
associations, however well intentioned ; how far municipal

COURSES OF STUDY AND RESEARCH

government is business, how far it is humanitarian ; the re-
sult of efforts to extend dispensable municipal functions in
Europe, as, for example, the ownership and exploitation of
its own franchises, municipal lodging houses, municipal
tenements, etc. ; the actual organization of municipal govern-
ment in New York City; the history of New York City, par-
ticular attention being given to its history since the Tweed
Ring; the actual condition of political forces in New York
City to-day and a study of the questions that are included
in the term "practical politics." Two hours a week, second
term : Mr. Kelly.

20 Seminar in Administrative Law. — One hour a week:
Prof. Goodnow.

Subject E — Roman Law and Comparative Jurisprudence

21 Roman Law L. — The history and institutions of the
classical and Justinian law. Lectures, with assigned read-
ing (Muirhead, Roman law; Sohm, Roman law). — Two hours
a week, first term : Prof. Munroe Smith.

22 Roman Law LL. — Cases from the Corpus Juris Civilis,
principally in contracts. — Two hours a week, second term:
Prof. Munroe Smith.

23 History of European Law. — This course treats (1) of
primitive law, with especial reference to the usages and ideas
of the Indo-Germanic races; (2) of early German law, includ-
ing a comparison of Scandinavian, Anglo-Saxon, and conti-
nental German customs; (3) of mediaeval European law,
including feudal and canon law; (4) of the "reception" of
the Roman law; and (5) of the genesis and character of the
great modern codes. — Two hours a week (1897-98): Prof.
Munroe Smith.

24 Comparative Jurisprudence. — This course, based mainly
on a comparison of the modern Roman and the English
common law, aims to present the leading principles of modern
property law and family law, — Two hours a week (1896-97):
Prof. Munroe Smith.

SCHOOL OF POLITICAL SCIENCE

25 International Private Law, — In this course the theories
of the foreign authorities and the practice of the foreign
courts in the so-called ''conflicts of law" are compared with
the solution given to these questions by our courts. — One
hour a week: Prof. Munroe Smith.

29 Seminar in Legal History and Comparative Legislation, —
One hour a week: Prof. Munroe Smith.

Group III — Economics and Social Science

It is presumed that students before entering the school
possess a knowledge of the general principles of political
economy as laid down in the ordinary manuals by Walker or
Mill, and also a knowledge of the general facts of economic
history. Students who are not thus prepared are recom-
mended to take the undergraduate courses in Columbia
College. These are 1 :

(A) Elements of Political Economy. — Two hours a week,
second term : Prof. Mayo-Smith and Mr. Day.

I Economic History of Europe and America. — Two hours a
week, first term : Prof. Seligman and Mr. Day.

Subject A — Political Economy and Finance

3 Historical and Practical Political Economy.

(A) Introductions Production and Consumption. — This course
is given every year, and is intended to cover the general
questions of the application of political economy to actual
social life. The principal topics are: The function of polit-
ical economy and its relation to the other political sciences,
method of study, literature and writers, method of applying
theory and principle to economic questions; the economic
organization of society, its historical development, present
economic institutions, the principle of individual liberty and
the institution of private property in their economic influ-
ence; the function of government in economic affairs, the
individualistic view, the socialistic demand; the theory of

1 The lettered course is required for undergraduates.

COURSES OF STUDY AND RESEARCH

consumption and its effect in directing economic activity; the
production of wealth and the problems of production, such
as land-tenure, history of agriculture, farm mortgages, inter-
national competition, growth of population, division of labor,
growth of capital, forms of productive enterprise, application
of machinery and accumulation of wealth. — Three hours a
week, first term : Prof. Mayo-Smith.

(B) The Problems of Exchange. — (Commerce, Trade, and
Transportation.) — This course treats of the history of com-
merce, the question of free trade or protection ; the history
of transportation and the railroad question ; money and the
mechanism of exchange; banks and banking; paper money,
bimetallism and the silver question, currency reform ; history
of credit; theory of value and price, history and statistics of
prices, index numbers; commercial crises, their history and
causes, depression of trade since 1873, the financial panic of
1893; theory of competition, history of monopolies, economic
influence of monopolies ; trusts; function of the government
in regulating exchange. — Three hours a week, second term,
given in 1897-98, and each alternate year thereafter: Prof.
Mayo-Smith.

(C) The Problems of Distribution. — (Relations of Labor and
Capital.) — This course is devoted largely to labor questions,
such as the history of labor, guilds, apprenticeship, the
factory system ; the present condition and progress of the
laboring classes; statistics of wages, cost of living and ex-
penditures of the laboring class; trades-unions and benefit
societies, strikes and boycotts; arbitration and conciliation;
co-operation and profit-sharing; the state in relation to labor,
poor relief, factory laws and employers' liability, working-
men's insurance; aids to intelligence, thrift, health, and well-
being; the capitalist class, profit, rent, and interest; the rela-
tion of the employer to the laborer; progress and poverty;
the program of socialism. — Three hours a week, second term,
given in 1896-97, and each alternate year: Prof. Mayo-Smith.

For students desiring to take (A), (B), and (C) in one year, a short resume will
be given of the omitted course (B) or (C) during the latter portion of the first
term.

SCHOOL OF POLITICAL SCIENCE

4 Science of Finance. — This course is historical as well as
comparative and critical. It treats of the various rules of
public expenditures and the methods of meeting the same
among different civilized nations. It describes the different
kinds of public revenue, including the public domain and
public property, public works and industrial undertakings,
special assessments, fees, and taxes. It is in great part a
course on the history, theories, and methods of taxation in
all civilized countries. It considers also public debt, meth-
ods of borrowing, redemption, refunding, repudiation, etc.
Finally, it describes the fiscal organization of the state by
which the revenue is collected and expended, and discusses
the budget, national, state, and local. Students are furnished
with the current public documents of the United States
Treasury, and the chief financial reports of the leading com-
monwealths, and are expected to understand all the facts in
regard to public debt, currency, and revenue therein con-
tained. — Two hours a week: Prof. Seligman.

5 Financial History of the United States. — This course en-
deavors to present a complete survey of American legislation
on currency, finance, and taxation, as well as its connection
with the state of industry and commerce. Attention is called
especially to the financial history of the colonies (colonial
currency and taxation); to the financial methods of the
revolution and the confederation ; to the financial policy of
the Federalists and the Republicans up to the war of 1812,
including the refunding and payment of the debt, the internal
revenue, and the banking and currency problems ; to the
financial history of the war with England; to the changes in
the methods of taxation, and the crises of 1819, 1825, 1837 ; to
the distribution of the surplus and the United States bank;
to the currency problems up to the civil war; to the financial
management of the war; to the methods of resumption,
payment of the debt, national and state banks, currency
questions, and problems of taxation ; and finally to the recent
development in national, state, and municipal finance and
taxation. — Two hours a week, first term (1897-98): Prof.
Seligman.

COURSES OF STUDY AND RESEARCH 29

6 Industrial and Tariff History of the United States. — The
arguments of extreme free-traders, as of extreme protection-
ists, are often so one-sided that an impartial judgment can be
formed only through a knowledge of the actual effects of the
tariffs. It is the object of this course to give a detailed
history of each customs tariff of the United States from the
very beginning; to describe the arguments of its advocates
and of its opponents in each case ; to trace as far as possible
the position of each of the leading industries before and after
the passage of the chief tariff acts, and thus to determine
how far the legislation of the United States has influenced
the progress of industry and the prosperity of the whole
country. Attention is called especially to the industrial his-
tory of the colonies; to the genesis of the protective idea and
to Hamilton's report; to the tariffs from 1789 to 1808; to the
restriction and the war with England; to the tariffs of 181 6,
1824, and the "tariff of abominations" of 1828; to the infant-
industry argument; to the compromise and its effect on manu-
facturers ; to the era of moderate free trade ; to the tariff of 1 85 7 ;
to the war tariffs ; to their continuance, and to the pauper-labor
argument ; to the McKinley act, and to the tariff of 1894. —
Two hours a week, second term (1896-97): Prof. Seligman.

7 Railroad Problems j Economic , Social, and Legal. — These
lectures treat of railroads in the fourfold aspect of their rela-
tion to the investors, the employees, the public, and the state
respectively. A history of railways and railway policy in
America and Europe forms the preliminary part of the course.
All the problems of railway management, in so far as they
are of economic importance, come up for discussion.

Among the subjects treated are: Financial methods, rail-
way construction, speculation profits, failures, accounts and
reports, expenses, tariffs, principles of rates, classification
and discrimination, competition and pooling, accidents, and
employers' liability. Especial attention is paid to the methods
of- regulation and legislation in the United States as compared
with European methods, and the course closes with a general
discussion of state versus private management. — Two hours a
week, second term (1897-98): Prof. Seligman.

3°

SCHOOL OF POLITICAL SCIENCE

8 History of Political Economy. — In this course the various
systems of political economy are discussed in their historical
development. The chief exponents of the different schools
are taken up in their order, but especial attention is directed
to the wider aspects of the connection between the theories
and the organization of the existing industrial society. The
chief writers discussed are:

I Antiquity : Orient, Greece, and Rome.
II Middle ages: Aquinas, Glossators, writers on money,
the usury question, etc.

III Mercantilists: Stafford, Mun, Petty, North, Locke;

Bodin, Vauban, Forbonnais; Serra, Galiani, Justi,
etc.

IV Physiocrats : Quesnay, Gournay, Turgot, etc.

V Adam Smith and precursors : Tucker, Hume, Cantillon,
Steuart.

VI English school : Malthus, Ricardo, Senior, McCulloch,
Chalmers, Jones, Mill, etc.
VII The continent : Say, Sismondi, Hermann, List, Cournot,
Bastiat, etc.

VIII German historical school : Roscher, Knies, Hildebrand,
etc.

IX Recent development : Rogers, Jevons, Cairnes, Bagehot,
Leslie, Toynbee, Marshall; Wagner, Schmoller,
Held, Brentano, Cohn; Menger, Sax, Bohm-Bawerk,
Wieser; Leroy-Beaulieu, De Laveleye, Gide; Cossa,
Nazzani, Loria, Ricca-Salerno, Pantaleoni; Carey,
George, Walker, Clark, Patten, Adams, etc.

— Two hours a week, given in 1896-97, and each alternate

year thereafter : Prof. Seligman.

9 Economic Theory I. — This course discusses the static laws
of distribution. If the processes of industry were not chang-
ing, wages and interest would tend to adjust themselves
according to certain standards. A study of the mechanism
of production would then show that one part of the product
is specifically attributable to labor, and that another part is
imputable to capital. It is the object of the course to show
that the tendency of free competition, under such conditions,

COURSES OF STUDY AND RESEARCH

is to give to labor, in the form of wages, the amount that it
specifically creates, and also to give to capital, in the form of
interest, what it specifically produces. The theory undertakes
to prove that the earnings of labor and of capital are governed
by a principle of final productivity, and that this principle
must be studied on a social scale, rather than in any one
department of production. — Two hours a week, first term:
Prof. Clark.

10 Economic Theory II. — This course discusses the dynamic
laws of distribution. The processes of industry are actually
progressing. Mechanical invention, emigration, and other
influences, cause capital and labor to be applied in new ways
and with enlarging results. These influences do not repress
the action of the static forces of distribution, but they bring a
new set of forces into action. They create, first, employers'
profits, and, later, additions to wages and interest. It is the
object of the course to show how industrial progress affects
the several shares in distribution under a system of competi-
tion, and also to determine whether the consolidations of
labor and of capital, which are a distinctive feature of modern
industry, have the effect of repressing competition. — Two
hours a week, second term : Prof. Clark.

11 Communistic and Socialistic Theories. — This course studies
the theories of St. Simon, Fourier, Proudhon, Rodbertus,
Marx, Lassalle, and others. It aims to utilize recent dis-
coveries in economic science in making a critical test of these
theories themselves and of certain counter-arguments. It
examines the socialistic ideals of distribution, and the effects
that, by reason of natural laws, would follow an attempt to
realize them through the action of the state. — Two hours a
week, first term : Prof. Clark.

12 Theories of Social Reform. — This course treats of certain
plans for the partial reconstruction of industrial society that
have been advocated in the United States, and endeavors to
determine what reforms are in harmony with economic
principles. It treats of the proposed single tax, of the
measures advocated by the Farmers' Alliance and of those
proposed by labor organizations. It studies the general

SCHOOL OF POLITICAL SCIENCE

relation of the state to industry. — Two hours a week, second
term: Prof. Clark.

13 Preliminary Seminar in Political Economy. — Primarily for
those that have already studied economics for only a year.
Essays, readings, and practical exercises on problems of the
day. — One hour a week: Prof. Seligman and Mr. Day.

14 Seminar in Political Economy. — For advanced students. —
Two hours, bi-weekly : Prof. Clark.

15 Seminar in Political Economy and Finance. — For advanced
students. — Two hours, bi-weekly: Prof. Seligman.

29 Seminar in Practical Economics, in connection with Sem-
inar in Statistics. — See p. 34. — For advanced students. — Two
hours, bi-weekly: Prof. Mayo-Smith.

Subject B — Sociology and Statistics

16 Physical Geography, Anthropology, and Ethnology. — This
course will treat of the following subjects:

I Physical Geography in its relation to the development of
culture: (a) areas of characterization, acclimatiza-
tion, etc. ; (b) theories of distribution.
II History of the Science of Anthropology.

III Prehistoric Archaeology, including earliest evidences of

human life, theories of migration, etc.

IV Ethnology: {a) language; (b) manners and customs; (c)

classification of races ; (d) 1 race problems, biologically
considered, including variation, intermingling, and
extermination.
V Anthropometry. 1
VI Comparative Mythology. — Two hours a week: Dr. Ripley.

1 This course will be given in the Faculty of Philosophy by Dr. Livingston
Farrand.

COURSES OF STUDY AND RESEARCH

mortality, race and nationality, migration, social position,
infirmities, suicide, vice, crime, nature of statistical regulari-
ties. — Two hours a week, first term: Prof. Mayo-Smith.

18 Statistics and Economics. — This course covers those statis-
tics of most use in political economy, but which have also a
direct bearing on the problems of sociology. These include
the statistics of land, production of food, condition of labor,
wages, money, credit, prices, commerce, manufactures, trade,
imports and exports, national wealth, public debt, and relative
incomes. — Two hours a week, second term, given in 1896-97
and each alternate year: Prof. Mayo-Smith.

19 Theory, Technique, and History of Statistical Science. —
This course studies the theory of statistics, law of probabili-
ties, averages, mean error, rules for collecting, tabulating
and presenting statistics, graphical methods, the question of
the freedom of the will, the value of the results obtained by
the statistical method, the possibility of discovering social
laws. Some account will also be given of the history and
literature of statistics, and the organization of statistical
bureaus. — Two hours a week, second term, given in 1897-98,
and each alternate year: Prof. Mayo-Smith.

20 General Sociology. — A foundation for special work is laid
in this fundamental course. It includes two parts, namely:
(1) the analysis and classification of social facts, with special
attention to the systems of Comte, Spencer, Schaffle, De Greef,
Gumplowicz, Tarde, and other theoretical writers; (2) the
study of the historical evolution of society, with special
attention to social origins; to the development of the family,
of the clan and of the tribe; and to the beginnings of civiliza-
tion. — Two hours a week, first term: Prof. Giddings.

21 Sociological Laws. — The more important social phenom-
ena of modern times and the principles of theoretical sociology
are together brought under critical review in this course,
which is a study of social feeling, public opinion, and organ-
ized action, with special reference to the verification of socio-
logical laws. The attempt is made to analyze the causes of
emotional epidemics, panics, outbreaks of mob violence, and
revolutions; to explain by general principles the growth of

SCHOOL OF POLITICAL SCIENCE

public opinion on great questions; and to prove from history
and from current events that public action is governed by
definite laws of social choice. — Two hours a week, second
term: Prof. Giddings.

22 Pauperism, Poor Laws, and Charities. — This course begins
with a careful study of the English poor law, its history,
practical working, and consequences. On this foundation is
built a study of pauperism in general, but especially as it may
be now observed in great cities. The laws of the different
commonwealths in regard to paupers, out-relief, alms-houses,
and dependent children, are compared. Finally the special
modern methods of public and private philanthropy are
considered, with particular attention to charity organization,
the restriction of out-door alms, and the reclamation of chil-
dren. — Two hours a week, first term: Prof. Giddings.

23 Crime and Penology. — The topics taken up in this course
are the nature and definitions of crime, the increase of crime
and its modern forms, criminal anthropology, the social
causes of crime, surroundings, parental neglect, education,
the question of responsibility, historical methods of punish-
ment, the history of efforts to reform prison methods, modern
methods, the solitary system, the Elmira system, classification
of criminals, classes of prisons, reformatories, and jails. —
Two hours a week, second term: Prof. Giddings.

29 Seminar in Statistics. — Work in the statistical labora-
tory. — The object of the laboratory is to train the student
in the methods of statistical analysis and computation. Each
student will pursue a course of laboratory practice dealing
with the general statistics of population, the relation of classes,
the distribution of wealth, and the statistics of crime, vice,
and misfortune. He will be taught how to judge current
statistics and to detect statistical fallacies ; in short, to become
an expert in judging of the value of sociological evidence.
Each year some practical piece of work on an extensive scale
is undertaken by the class. — Two hours bi-weekly, Wednesday
(11 to 1): Prof. Mayo-Smith.

30 Seminar in Sociology. — Two hours bi-weekly: Prof.
Giddings.

ORDER OF STUDIES

It is recommended by the faculty that students, who in-
tend to devote their whole time to the courses of study offered

ORDER OF STUDIES

It is recommended by the faculty that students, who in-
tend to devote their whole time to the courses of study offered
by this faculty, take them in the following order:

FIRST YEAR

Hours
Per Week

History of Europe and United States .... 4

Constitutional History of England .... 2

Historical and Practical Political Economy . . 3

Science of Finance ....... 2

History of Political Theories ..... 3

Financial History of the United States (1st term) . 2

Tariff History of the United States (2d term) . . 2

Physical Geography and Anthropology (1st term) . 2

Institutes of Roman Law ...... 2

SECOND YEAR

Comparative Constitutional Law of the Principal Euro-
pean States and of the United States ... 3
History of European Law ..... 2

Comparative Administrative Law of the United States,

and of the Principal European States ... 2

History of Political Economy ..... 2

Economic Theory . . . . . . .2

Statistics and Sociology (1st term) .... 2

Statistics and Economics (2d term) .... 2

American Colonial History ..... 2

History of Diplomacy (1st term) ..... 2

History of American Diplomacy (2d term) . . 2

American Political Philosophy ..... 1

History of the United States, 1849-1861 (1st term) . 2

General Sociology (1st term) ..... 2

Sociological Laws (2d term) ..... 2

Early and Mediaeval Church History .... 4

SCHOOL OF POLITICAL SCIENCE

THIRD YEAR Hours

Per Week

Comparative Jurisprudence ..... 2

International Law ....... 2

Criminal Law ........ 2

International Private Law ...... 1

Law of Municipal Corporations (1st term) . . 2

Municipal Politics (2d term) ..... 2

Law of Taxation (2d term) ..... 2

Socialism and Communism (1st term) ... 2

Theories of Social Reform (2d term) ... 2

Theory of Statistics (2d term) ..... 2

Pauperism and Poor Relief (1st term) ... 2

Crime and Penology (2d term) ..... 2

Railroad Problems ....... 2

American Colonial History ...... 2

History of United States, 1860-1877 (2d term) . 2

Rise and Growth of the French Monarchy (2d term) . 2

Modern and American Church History ... 4

UNIVERSITY FELLOWSHIPS

Twenty-four fellowships, known as "University Fellow-
ships," each of the value of five hundred dollars a year, are
awarded by the Council to those applicants who give evi-
dence of special fitness to pursue courses of higher study and
original investigation, the competition to be open to gradu-
ates of all colleges and scientific schools. Vacancies occur-
ring in any of such fellowships shall be filled in the same
manner in which original appointments are made.

The application shall be made prior to March 1st, in
writing, addressed to the President of Columbia University.
Applications received later than March 1st may fail of con-
sideration. The term of the fellowship is one year, dating
from July 1st. Residence should begin October 1st.

The candidate must give evidence

(a) Of a liberal education, such as a diploma already
granted, or about to be received, from a college or scientific
school of good repute;

UNIVERSITY FELLOWSHIPS

(b) Of decided fitness for a special line of study, such
as an example of some scientific or literary work already per-
formed ;

The value of each fellowship is five hundred dollars. Pay-
ments will be based on the time during which the Fellow
shall have been in residence. The holder of a fellowship is
exempt from the charges for tuition and all fees.

Every holder of a fellowship will be expected to perform
such duties as may be allotted to him in connection with his
course of study, which course shall be such as to lead to the
degree of Doctor of Philosophy. He will be expected to de-
vote his time to the prosecution of special studies under the
direction of the head of the department to which he belongs,
and before the close of the academic year to give evidence of
progress by the preparation of a thesis, the completion of a
research, the delivery of a lecture, or by some other method.
He must reside in New York or vicinity during the academic
year.

No holder of a fellowship shall be permitted to pursue a
professional or technical course of study during his term.
With the written approval of the President, but not other-
wise, he may give instruction or assistance in any department
of the University.

A Fellow may be reappointed at the end of a year for
reasons of weight. No Fellow may be reappointed for more
than two terms of one year each.

As these fellowships are awarded as honors, those who are
disposed, for the benefit of others or for any other reason, to
waive the pecuniary emoluments, may do so, and still have
their names retained on the list of Fellows.

University Scholarships

Thirty University Scholarships are awarded annually to
students in the Faculties of Political Science, Philosophy,
and Pure Science. These scholarships are awarded under

SCHOOL OF POLITICAL SCIENCE

the following regulations, prepared by the authority of the
University Council and with its approval:

The University Scholarships are open to all graduates of
colleges and scientific schools whose course of study has been
such as to entitle them to be enrolled at Columbia as can-
didates for a university degree.

These scholarships are tenable for one academic year, with
a possibility of renewal for one year longer. They are of an
annual value of one hundred and fifty dollars each.

Payments will be made to university scholars in two equal
instalments: one on October ist and one on February ist.
University scholars will be required to pay all of the fees
established for matriculation, tuition, and graduation.

Applications for University Scholarships should be made in
writing, on blanks that will be furnished for the purpose, and
addressed to the President of Columbia University. For the
scholarships to be awarded in the spring, applications should
be filed not later than May ist. No application for a Uni-
versity Scholarship will be required from an applicant for a
University Fellowship. Should a scholarship be awarded to
an unsuccessful applicant for a fellowship, the only informa-
tion required from the candidate will be that contained in the
formal application for the latter honor.

Not more than twenty of the University Scholarships will
be awarded by the University Council at its regular meeting
in May. The award will be made after applications have
been examined and recommendations made by the Standing
Committee on University Fellowships. In making these
recommendations the Committee will give preference to
those candidates for University Fellowships who have failed
of appointment by the University Council after having been
recommended for the same by any faculty or department.

At least ten University Scholarships will be reserved to be
filled in the autumn, and applications for the same will be
received up to October ist.

University scholars will be required to enroll themselves as
candidates for a degree and to pursue a regular course of
study leading thereto.

PRIZES

Prize in Political Economy

An annual prize of $150 for the best essay on some subject
in political economy has been established by Mr. Edwin R.
A. Seligman, one of the class of 1879 of Columbia College.
Competition for the prize is open to all members of the
School of Political Science. The topic selected must be
approved by the faculty, and the essay itself must be not less
than twenty thousand words in length.

James Gordon Bennett Prize in Political Science

A prize of $40, to be given on Commencement Day, has
been established by Mr. James Gordon Bennett. The prize
is to be awarded by the Faculty of Political Science for the
best essay in English prose upon some subject of contempo-
raneous interest in the domestic or foreign policy of the
United States. The subject is assigned each year by the
faculty. The competition is open to Seniors in Columbia
College, whether regular or special students, and to all stu-
dents under any of the university faculties who have not
yet taken the baccalaureate degree in arts, letters, or phi-
losophy, provided that they take courses amounting to six
hours a week throughout the year in the School of Political
Science. Essays must be submitted to the President on or
before May 1st. If no satisfactory essay is received no award
will be made. No award will be made for any essay that is
defective in English composition.

Medal Offered by the National Society of the Sons of
the American Revolution

The National Society of the Sons of the American Revo-
lution offers annually a silver medal under the following
regulations :

1. Competition shall be open to members of the Senior
Class in Columbia College, and to first-year students, not

4 o

SCHOOL OF POLITICAL SCIENCE

graduates of Columbia College, studying under any of the
faculties of the University. 2. Each essay must contain not
less than 1,600 and not more than 2,000 words, and shall be
upon the subject: " The Principles Fought For in the War of
the Revolution." 3. A typewritten copy of each essay must
be presented to the President not later than May 1st of each
year. 4. The committee of award shall consist of the pro-
fessors giving instruction in American history. 5. The prize
shall in no case be awarded to any essay defective in English
composition. The award, if made, will be announced by the
President at Commencement.

A similar tender has been made to the principal colleges
of the country, and the essays receiving the silver medals
will be submitted to a Committee of the National Society in
competition for a gold medal to be awarded to the writer of
the essay deemed most meritorious.

ACADEMY OF POLITICAL SCIENCE

This institution is devoted to the cultivation and advance-
ment of the political sciences. It is composed mainly of
graduates of Columbia University in the Schools of Law and
Political Science, but any person whose previous studies have
fitted him to participate in the work of the academy is eligible
to membership.

Meetings of the academy are held on the first Monday of
each month. At these meetings papers are read by members
presenting the results of original investigation by the writers
in some department of political science.

Prize Lectureships

LIB EAR Y

year. The previous holder may be reappointed. The con-
ditions of competition are as follows :

1 The candidate must be a graduate of Columbia University
in the School of Political Science or the School of Law. In
the latter case he must have pursued the curriculum of the
School of Political Science for at least two years.

2 He must be an active member of the Academy of Political
Science.

3 He must have read at least one paper before the Acad-
emy of Political Science during the year next preceding the
appointment.

The duty of the lecturer is to deliver annually, before the
students of political science, a series of at least twenty lec-
tures, the result of original investigation.

These prize lectureships will be found especially useful
and welcome to graduates of the school who propose to devote
themselves to an academic career, and who in this way may
acquire the experience and acquaintance with university
methods of teaching which will stand them in good stead in
their future career.

LIBRARY

The students of the School of Political Science are entitled
to the use, subject to the rules established by the library com-
mittee, of the entire university library. The library is open
from 8.30 a.m. to 11 p.m. during term time, and from 8.30
a.m. to 10 p.m. during the summer vacation. Information
concerning the sources and literature of the political sciences
is given in the various courses of lectures held in the schools.

4 2

SCHOOL OF POLITICAL SCIENCE

once. Special tables are reserved for advanced students en-
gaged in original research. Early application for a table is
desirable.

The library contains at present (April, 1896) about 225,000
volumes. In the department of history, political and social
science, there are about 100,000 volumes. In both European
and American history the library is well furnished with most
of the great collections of sources as well as with the best
secondary works. The collection is particularly rich in
works on international, constitutional, and administrative law,
Roman law and foreign law. In all these departments the
library is growing at the rate of several thousand volumes
yearly. Another feature is the full collection of national,
state, and local governmental reports and statistics in the
various domains of economic inquiry, especially labor, finance,
charity, poor law, and transportation reports. Recent large
gifts have made it possible to build up a great collection in
sociology.

Students of history, economics, and public law, will find
New York to be a centre of library facilities absolutely un-
rivalled elsewhere in this country. In addition to the Uni-
versity Library, there are rich treasures at the Astor Library,
Lenox Library, New York Historical Library, Long Island
Historical Library, Library of the Charity Organization
Society, the Bar Association Library, and the Law Institute
Library, to each of which students have access under favor-
able conditions. Advanced students of economics also have
at their disposal the Library of the Professor of Political
Economy and Finance, which contains the most complete
collection of works on political economy to be found in the
United States.

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3 8

ACADEMIC CALENDAR

1896 — June 10 — Commencement, Wednesday.

Oct. 5 — First term, 143d year begins, Monday.

Nov. 3 — Election day, Tuesday, holiday.

Nov. 26 — Thanksgiving day, Thursday, holiday.

Nov. 27 — Friday, holiday.

Dec. 21 — Christmas holidays begin, Monday.

1897 — Jan. 2 — Christmas holidays end, Saturday.
Feb. 6 — First term ends, Saturday.

Feb. 8 — Second term begins, Monday.

Feb. 12 — Lincoln's birthday, Friday, holiday.

Feb. 22 — Washington's birthday, Monday, holiday.

Mar. 3 — Ash- Wednesday, holiday.

April 16 — Good-Friday, holiday.

May 17 — Concluding Examinations begin, Monday.

May 30 — Memorial day, Sunday.

May 31 — Monday, holiday.

June 9 — Commencement, Wednesday.

Oct. 4 — First term, 144th year begins, Monday.

February 16, 1907

Columbia Itninjersity
gnttetin of Information

HISTORY
ECONOMICS AND PUBLIC LAW

COURSES OFFERED BY THE

FACULTY OF POLITICAL SCIENCE

AND THE

SEVERAL UNDERGRADUATE FACULTIES

ANNOUNCEMENT
I907-O9

Published by

Columbia Tnmversttg
In tbe CltB of 1Rew J^ork

Morningside Heights
New York, N. Y.

(Issued 25 times during the Academic year, monthly in November
and December, and weekly between February and June. Entered
as second-class matter at the New York, N. Y., Post Office,
Dec. 22, 1900, under Act of July 16, 1894.)

These include :

1. The President's Annual Report to the Trustees.

2. The Catalogue of the University, issued in Decem-

ber, price 25 cents.

3. The Announcements of the several Colleges and

Schools and of certain Divisions, issued in the
Spring and relating to the work of the next year.
These are made as accurate as possible, but the
right is reserved to make changes in detail as
circumstances require. The current number of
any of these Announcements will be sent without
charge upon application to the Secretary of the
University. For information as to the various
courses offered by the University consult the last
page of this Announcement.

ABRIDGED ACADEMIC CALENDAR

The Academic year is thirty-seven weeks in length, ending on the
Wednesday nearest the nth of June. In 1907-08 the year begins on
September 25, 1907, and ends on June 10, 1908. It is divided into two
half-years of fifteen weeks of instruction each. In 1907-08 the second
half-year begins on February 3, 1908. The Summer Session for 1907
begins on July 9 and ends on August 17.

The exercises of the University are suspended on Election Day, Thanks-
giving Day, and the following two days, for two weeks at Christmas,
on Washington's Birthday, from the Thursday before Good Friday
through the following Monday, and on Memorial Day.

The complete Academic Calendar will be found in the University
catalogue and so far as it refers to the students studying under any
Faculty, in the announcement of that Faculty.

D.T.-jan.i907-6,ooo

OFFICERS OF INSTRUCTION

FACULTY OF POLITICAL SCIENCE

Nicholas Murray Butler, Ph.D., LL.D., Litt.D. Oxon., . President
John W Burgess, Ph.D., LL.D.,

Ruggles Professor of Political Science and Constitutional Law, and Dean
Munroe Smith, J.U.D., LL.D.,

Professor of Roman Law and Comparative Jurisprudence
*Frank J. Goodnow, LL.D.,

Eaton Professor of Administrative Law and Municipal Science
Edwin R. A. Seligman, Ph.D., LL.D.,

McVickar Professor of Political Economy
Herbert L. Osgood, Ph.D., .... Professor of History
William A. Dunning, Ph.D., LL.D.,

Lieber Professor of History and Political Philosophy
John Bassett Moore, LL.D.,

Hamilton Fish Professor of Lnter national Law and Diplomacy
Franklin H. Giddings, Ph.D., LL.D.,

Professor of Sociology and the History of Civilization
John B. Clark, Ph.D., LL.D., . . Professor of Political Economy
James Harvey Robinson, Ph.D., . . Professor of History

William M. Sloane, Ph.D.. L.H.D., LL.D., Seth Low Prof essor of History
Henry R. Seager, Ph.D., . Professor of Political Economy, and Secretary
Henry L. Moore, Ph.D., . . . Professor of Political Economy
William R. Shepherd, Ph.D., . . Adjunct Professor of History
James T. Shotwell, Ph.D., . . . Adjunct Professor of History
George W. Botsford, Ph.D., . . Adjunct Professor of History
Vladimir G. Simkhovitch, Ph.D., Adjunct Professor of Economic History
Edward Thomas Devine, Ph.D., LL.D., Professor of Social Economy

Henry Johnson, Ph.D., Professor of History

Samuel McCune Lindsay, Ph.D., . Professor of Social Legislation

Other Officers

Richard J. H. Gottheil, Ph.D., . Professor of the Semitic Languages
A. V. Williams Jackson, L.H.D., Ph.D., LL.D.,

Professor of Lndo-Lranian Languages
John D. Prince, Ph.D., . . Professor of the Semitic Languages
Friedrich Hirth, Ph.D., . . Dean Lung Professor of Chinese
Charles A. Beard, Ph.D., . . . Adjunct Professor of Politics
Arthur C. McGiffert, Ph.D., D.D.,

Washburn Professor of Church History in Union Theological Seminary
William Walker Rockwell, S.T.B., Lie. Th.,

Assistant Professor of Church History in Union Theological Seminary
Frederick Joseph Kinsman, A.M., Oxon.,

Professor of History in the General Theological Seminary
George J. Bayles, Ph.D., .... Lecturer in Ecclesiology

Maude A. Huttmann, A.M., Lecturer in History in Barnard College

Carleton Huntley Hayes, A.M., Lecturer in History in Barnard College
Edward L. Stevenson, Ph.D., . . . Lecturer in Geography
1 Absent on leave in 1907-08.

GENERAL STATEMENT

Students are received as candidates for the degrees of Master of Arts
and Doctor of Philosophy under the Faculty of Political Science ; for the
degrees of Bachelor of Arts and Bachelor of Science either in Columbia
College or in Barnard College, and for the degree of Bachelor of Science
in Teachers College. They are also permitted to pursue special or partial
courses subject to the regulations of the Faculty under which they may
register.

Certain courses which may be counted toward the several degrees are
also offered in the Summer Session of the University.

Students enrolled in the General, the Union, the Drew, the Jewish,
St. Joseph's, or the New Brunswick Theological Seminary, or in the
School of Philanthropy in the City of New York, who may have been
designated for the privilege by the authorities of these institutions,
and accepted by the President of Columbia University, are admitted
to the courses offered by the Faculty of Political Science free of all
charge for tuition. These institutions offer reciprocal privileges to the
students of Columbia University.

Teachers College, founded in 1888, and Barnard College, founded in
1S89, have now become parts of the educational system of Columbia
University.

Admission

There are no examinations for admission to the graduate courses
under the Faculty of Political Science. Students are admitted at any
time during the year. They must, however, present themselves for
registration at the opening of the first or second half-year in order to
obtain full credit for residence. They may present themselves for exam-
ination for a degree whenever the requirements as to residence, and as
to an essay or dissertation, have been complied with. For details see
the announcement of the Faculties of Political Science, Philosophy, and
Pure Science, which may be had on application to the Secretary of the
University.

The courses of instruction have been renumbered in accordance with
a scheme uniform throughout the University, and attention is called to
the following information which the number assigned to a course will
in each case indicate :

Odd numbers indicate the first, even numbers the second half of the
academic year. Courses designated 1-2, 21-22, etc., run through both
half-years. Courses numbered between 1 and 100 are, in general,
elementary, and may not be offered in fulfilment of the requirements for

the higher degrees (A.M. and Ph.D.). Courses numbered from 101 to
200 are primarily for students who hold a first degree but are open to
undergraduates who have completed 64 points (for law 94 points),
including all prescribed courses except Philosophy A and two half-year
courses in Natural Science. In general no such course may be taken
without some elementary training in the same or in some allied subject.
Courses from 201 to 300 are restricted to graduate students. Seminars
are numbered from 301 up. Attention is called to the pamphlet entitled
Instruction for Graduate Students Leading to the Degrees of Master of Arts
and Doctor of Philosophy, which may be had on application to the
Secretary of the University, and particularly to the fact that the require-
ments for the higher degrees are based upon subjects and not upon
courses. Students who wish to offer a subject either as a major or
minor should, before registration, consult the officers of instruction con-
cerned with regard to their selection of courses.

For conditions of admission to Columbia College and Barnard College,
see the circular upon entrance examinations, which may be had upon
application to the Secretary of the University.

Those graduate courses which are open to undergraduates are closed
to women students unless announced separately as open to students of
Barnard College ; but all purely graduate courses in History and
Economics are open to women graduate students who have the first
degree.

Students who register for graduate courses are supposed to be familiar
with the outlines of European history, ancient and modern, as well as of
American history. Students who are not thus prepared are strongly
recommended to take the undergraduate courses.

For information in regard to degrees, fees, fellowships, scholarships,
student employment, dormitories, and expense of living, see the appro-
priate announcement either of the Faculties of Political Science,
Philosophy and Pure Science, or of Columbia, Barnard, or Teachers
College.

Group I— HISTORY AND POLITICAL
PHILOSOPHY

GRADUATE COURSES

The graduate courses fall under five subjects : A — Ancient and
Oriental History ; B — Mediaeval and Church History ; C — Modern
European History from the Opening of the Sixteenth Century ;
D — American History ; E — Political Philosophy.

Courses A1-A2, 3-4, 5-6, 7-8, 9-10, 11-12, 13-14, 121-122, 125-
126, 157-158 and 161-162 are given separately at Barnard College.

Courses numbered 200 and above are open to graduate women
students upon the same terms as to men.

Subject A— Ancient and Oriental History

History 103 — History of India and of Persia. Professor Jackson.
'M. and W. at 2.10. 306 U.

In the first part of this course particular attention will be given to the
early history and civilization of India and of Persia. The development
of these countries will then be traced with special reference to their
general historical position and their present importance in relation to
the West.

This course is identical with Indo-Iranian 109, Faculty of Philosophy.

Given in 1Q07-08 and in alternate years thereafter.

History 104 — The Rise of Arabian Civilization and the Spread
of Mohammedanism. Professor Gottheil.
Tu. and Th. at 1.10. 309 U.

This course will treat of the geographical position of Arabia, its early
history as recorded upon the monuments, the Sabaeans and Himyarites,
pre-Mohammedan civilization, the life of Mohammed, the rise of
Mohammedanism as a religious system and as a political power, Arabic
historiography, the early Caliphs, Ali and his followers, and the Abbasside
Caliphs.

This course is identical with Semitics 120, Faculty of Philosophy.

History 109 — The History of Western Asia and Egypt.

Professor Prince.

Tu. and Th. at 3.10. 309 U.

The ancient history of Western Asia from the earliest times until the
period of Alexander the Great, embracing an historical survey of early
Babylonia, the Assyrian Empire, the later Babylonian Empire, and the
Persian rule in Babylonia, as well as a briefer discussion of the Egyptian,
Phoenician and Hittite civilizations. Especial attention will be given
to the points of contact between the Assyro-Babylonian historical records
and the Old Testament, and to the most important ethnological problems
which a study of the ancient peoples of Western Asia presents.

Given in igoy-oS and in alternate years thereafter.

History 111-112 — The Language, Literature, Government, and
Social Life of the Chinese. Professor Hirth.
One hour a week. Hour to be arranged.
For students not wishing to become specialists in Chinese.

History 113-114 — History of China. Professor Hirth.
One hour a week. Hour to be arranged.

This course, which is a continuation of the course given in 1906-07, is
intended for all students, including such as do not study the Chinese
language. Special attention will be paid to the cultural and economical
development of China and her relations to other Asiatic nations.

History 213-214 — The Period of Transition in Roman History
from the Republic to the Empire. Professor Botsford.
S. , 9-1 1. 301 L.

On the basis of the literary and epigraphic sources the course will
follow, through the decline of the republic and through the early
principate, the gradual growth of imperial ideas, institutions and
organization, with due reference to underlying social conditions.

Given in igo8-og and in alternate years thereafter.

History 215-216— Greek Constitutional History. Professor
Botsford.
S., 9-11. 301 L.

Attention will be directed to the origin of the city and to the development
of forms of government with especial reference to Athens and other
prominent states. The influence of political theories and ideals on the
making of constitutions and on historiography will be noted. Like
History 213-214, the course will be based on a critical examination of
the sources.

History 217-218 — The Roman Empire. Professor Botsford.
Two hours a week. Hours to be arranged.
Similar to History 5-6 (see page 17), but more advanced.
Given in igoj-08 and in alternate years thereafter.

History 31 1-312— Seminar in Greek and Roman History.

Professor Botsford.

Two hours bi-weekly. Hours to be arranged.

Subject B— Mediaeval and Church History

History 121-122— The Intellectual History of Western Europe
from the Break-up of the Roman Empire to the Protestant
Revolt. Professor Robinson.

Tu. at 9.10 and 10.10, and Th. at 10.10. 410 L. Tu. at 2.10 and 3.10,
and Th. at 3.10. 339 B.

The main object of this course is to trace the changing intellectual
preoccupations and attitude of mind of the educated class from the times
of Boethius to those of Luther and Erasmus. Among the topics consid-
ered are : The dependence of the early middle ages upon the later Empire ;
Gregory the Great and his writings ; asceticism ; allegory, symbolism,
and the miraculous ; the so-called " Carolingian renaissance" ; reforms
of Gregory VII ; supremacy of the mediaeval Church ; the sacramental
system ; relation of the Church to the civil power ; heresy and the
inquisition ; the friars ; Abelard ; the twelfth century renaissance ; the
universities; rise of the vernacular languages ; mediaeval historiography ;
scholasticism ; Roger Bacon and beginnings of natural science ; Petrarch
and humanism; the antecedents of the Protestant revolt ; Erasmus and
Luther ; implications of the Protestant revolt.

History 125-126 — The History of England to 1660. Professor
Osgood.

Tu. and Th. at 3.10. 410 L. Tu. and Th. at 2. 10. 405 L.

The object of this course is, by means of lectures and outside reading,
to give a view of the development of the English Constitution from the
fifth century to the Revolution of 1689. The work is based chiefly upon
the writings of Stubbs, Gneist, Hallam, Gardiner, and Ranke.

Given in igo8-og and in alternate years thereafter.

History 221 — Later Roman Empire and Early Middle Ages.

Professor Shotwell.

Tu. and Th. at 11. 10, with two additional hours to be arranged. 410 L.

This course deals with the transition from ancient to mediaeval history ;
the social and intellectual conditions in the later Roman Empire and the
causes of its disintegration, the origin of the barbarian kingdoms, the
Merovingian and Carolingian culture, the renewed invasions of the
Northmen, Saracens and Hungarians and the "dark age." This is an
advanced course. It involves a constant reference to the sources and a
critical analysis of the most notable modern historians. Lectures,
discussion and independent research upon the part of the students.*

Given in jgoj—08 and in alternate years thereafter.

History 223 — Europe in the Twelfth and Thirteenth Centuries.

Professor Shotwell.

Tu. and Th. at 11. 10, with two additional hours to be arranged. 410 L.

♦Candidates for the A.M. may take merely the lectures to count, with certain assigned
reading, as a half minor.

A survey of both the political and intellectual history of the so-called
Mediaeval Renaissance, including the mediaeval church, feudalism, the
towns, the beginnings of the modern national state, the origin of the
universities and the range of culture they represented, and the general
intellectual changes from Abelard to Dante. Some attention will be paid
to mediaeval architecture and archaeology in general, but the greater part
of the work will be based upon the literary and documentary sources.
Luchair's Manuel des Institutions francaises and Rashdall's Universities
of Europe in the Middle Ages are recommended as guides in the field.
Lectures, discussion and independent research upon the part of the
students.*

Given in iqo8-oq and in alternate years thereafter.

History 226 — The So-called Italian Renaissance and the
Opening of the Protestant Revolt. Professor Robinson.

Tu. and Th. at 11. 10, with two additional hours to be arranged. 410 L.

This course will deal with the culture of the Italian cities in the
fourteenth and fifteenth centuries and the spread of Humanism in the
north ; the great councils of the early fifteenth century and the efforts to
reform the Church ; Luther and the opening of the Protestant revolt.
The work will include a discussion of the chief contemporaneous writers
and a criticism of the current conception of the " renaissance." Especial
attention will be given to Petrarch's, Luther's and Erasmus's letters.
Lectures, discussion and independent research upon the part of the
students.*

Given in 1Q07-08 and in alternate years thereafter.

History 321 — Historical Bibliography; The Sources of European
History; Methods of Historical Study. Professors Robinson, Shot-
well, and Simkhovitch.

Two hours a week. Hours to be arranged.

This course aims to introduce the student to the various classes of
sources and will include practical exercises in the use of bibliographical
apparatus. The chief theories of the scope and nature of historical
research will also be discussed.

History 229-230— General Church History : Period I, The Ancient
Church to 590 A. D.; Period II, The Mediaeval Church, 590-15174
Professors McGiffert and Rockwell.

History 231-232— General Church History: Period III, The
Modern Church ; American Church History.:}: Professor Rockwell.

* Candidates for the A.M. may take merely the lectures to count, with certain assigned
reading, as a half minor.

X These courses are given at the Union Theological Seminary and may be taken to make
up a minor subject for the degree of Master of Arts or Doctor of Philosophy.

History 233-234 — History of Christian Doctrine: I, History of
Thought in the Primitive Catholic Church.* Professor McGiffert.

History 235-236 — History of Christian Doctrine: II, History of
Protestant Thought.* Professor McGiffert.

History 237— English Church History: Reformation and Post-
Reformation Periods.* Professor McGiffert.

History 238 — History of Early Christian Literature.* Professor
McGiffert.

History 239-240 — Historical Training Class. Principles and
Methods of Historical Investigation.* Professor Rockwell.

History 241-242 — Religious Thought in the Middle Ages (a

research course intended especially for graduates).* Professor
McGiffert.

History 331-332 — Seminar in Church History.* Professors
McGiffert and Rockwell.

History 243 — History of the Church during the First Three
Centuries. 1 Professor Kinsman.

History 244 — Period of the Councils. 1 Professor Kinsman.

History 245 — Studies in the Apostolic Age. 1 Professor Kinsman.

History 246— The Church of the Middle Ages and the Conti-
nental Reformation. 1 Professor Kinsman.

History 247 — The History of the Church of England. 1 Professor
Kinsman.

History 248 — The Church in Smyrna. 1 Professor Kinsman.
History 249 — The Church in Jerusalem. 1 Professor Kinsman.

Subject C — Modern European History from the Opening
of the Sixteenth Century

History 151— European History, 1815-1848. Professor Sloane.
M., W., and F. at 1.10, with a fourth hour by arrangement. 327 U.
Given in igo7-o8 and in alternate years thereafter.

History 153 — Contemporary European History since 1848

Professor Sloane.

M., W., and F. at 1.10, with a fourth hour by arrangement. 327 U.

Given in iqoS-oq and in alternate years thereafter.

* These courses are given at the Union Theological Seminary and may be taken to make
up a minor subject for the degree of Master of Arts or Doctor of Philosophy.

1 These courses are given at the General Theological Seminary and may be taken to make
up a minor subject for the degree of Master of Arts or Doctor of Philosophy.

1 1

History 157-158 — History of Great Britain principally during the
Eighteenth and Nineteenth Centuries. Professor Osgood.

Tu. and Th. at 3.10. 410 L. Tu. and Th. at 2.10. 405 L.

In this course a somewhat detailed account will be given of the political
development of England during the last two centuries. Reference will
also be made to the relations with Scotland and Ireland. This part of
the course will be a continuation of History I55 _I 56. Lectures and
assigned readings.

Given in igoy-oS and in alternate years thereafter.

History 226 — The So-called Italian Renaissance and the Opening
of the Protestant Revolt. Professor Robinson.

Tu. and Th, at II. 10, with two additional hours to be arranged. 410 L.
(For description see page 9.)

Given in igoj-08 and in alternate years thereafter.

History 252— The Reforms of the French Revolution. Professor
Robinson.

Tu. and Th. at 11. 10, with two additional hours to be arranged. 410 L.

This course does not deal primarily with the political history but with
the great and permanent achievements of the Revolution ; it includes a
description of the organization of the French monarchy under Louis XVI;
the development of the spirit of reform in Europe; "benevolent des-
potism"; the progress of reform in France to the completion of the
constitution of 1791 ; how the French revolution became an issue of
general European importance. The work will include a discussion of
the chief classes of sources and a good knowledge of French is essential.
Lectures, discussion and independent research on the part of the stu-
dents.*

Given in igo8-og and in alternate years thereafter.

History 253 — The Economic and Social Evolution of Russia
since 1800. Professor Simkhovitch.
M. and F. at 10.10. 418 L.

This course describes the economic development of the country, the
growth of Slavophil, liberal and revolutionary doctrines and parties, and
the disintegration of the autocratic regime.

(Identical with Economics 241.)

History 357 — The Work of Napoleon. Professor Sloane.
W. and F. at 10.10, first or second half-year, or both by arrangement.
301 L.

*Candidates for the A.M. may take merely the lectures to count, with certain assigned
reading, as a half minor.

pensable to admission. The topics are chosen by the instructor and the
student works under his direction, given in personal consultations twice
a week. The papers prepared are expected to be short monographs,
thoroughly discussing the theme on the basis of the original authorities.

History 321 — Historical Bibliography ; The Sources of European
History; Methods of Historical Study. Professors Robinson, Shotwell,
and Simkhovitch.

Two hours a week. Hours to be arranged.

(For description see page 9.)

Subject D — American History

History 161-162 — Political and Constitutional History of the
United States. Professors Burgess and Shepherd.

Tu. and Th. at i.io. 413 L. M. and W. at 2.10. 339 B.

This course of lectures covers the history of the colonies and of the
Revolutionary War ; the formation and dissolution of the Confederacy of
1781 ; the formation of the Federal Constitution of 1787 and its application
and development down to the Civil War ; the changes wrought in the
Constitution by the Civil War ; and the resulting transformation of the
public law of the United States.

History 261-262 — American Colonial History during the Seven-
teenth Century. Professor Osgood.

Two hours a week. Hours to be arranged.

This is an advanced lecture and investigation course. The subjects of
study will be chiefly the corporation (or colony of the New England type)
and the proprietary province, as forms of colonial government. The
early history of Virginia as a royal province will also be considered.
The beginning of efforts on the part of Great Britain to assert imperial
control over the colonies will also be traced. This course is open only to
approved candidates for the A.M. and Ph.D. degrees and to such special
students as receive permission to attend.

Given in igoj-08 and in alternate years thereafter.

History 263-264 — American Colonial History during the Eight-
eenth Century. Professor Osgood.

Two hours a week. Hours to be arranged.

This course begins at 1690 and ends at 1760. It is devoted to the study
of the royal province as a form of colonial government, and of the
British system and policy of colonial administration during the period of
intercolonial wars. It is both a continuation of the preceding course
and an introduction to the study of the American Revolution. It is open
to the same class of students as History 297-298, and the method of
instruction is the same as in that course.

Given in igo8-og and in alternate years thereafter.

History 361-362 — The American Revolution. Professor Osgood.
S., 10-12. 301 L.

This course will be conducted as a lecture and investigation course
and will consist of a detailed study of the sources of American history
from about 1760 to the close of the Revolution.

[History 363-364 — Seminar in American Colonial History. Pro-
fessor Osgood.
One hour a week. Hour to be arranged.
Not given in igoy-og.]

History 365 — European Politics and the War of 1812. Professor
Sloane.

W. and F. at 10.10, first or second half-year, or both by arrangement.
301 L.

Research course for the most advanced students only. It is given to
selected individuals who show capacity for original research, and is
open only to those who read French and German fluently. The topics
are chosen by the instructor and the students work under his direction,
given in personal consultations twice a week. The papers prepared are
expected to be short monographs thoroughly discussing the theme on
the basis of original authorities.

History 267-268 — The United States from 1850, with special
reference to the Civil War and Reconstruction. Professor Dunning.
M. and F. at 11. 10. 410 L.

The chief object of this course is to describe the constitutional principles
which came into play during the period from 1850 to 1884. Among the
topics discussed in more or less detail are : The principles of the appeal
to arms; the nature and scope of the "war power"; the status of the
Negro as affected by the war ; the various theories of Reconstruction ;
the adoption of the last three amendments to the Constitution ; the
actual process of Reconstruction; the so-called "force legislation,"
and the ultimate undoing of the Reconstruction. In addition to these
constitutional topics, the general political and social progress of the
nation is treated.

History 367-368— Seminar in later United States History.

Professor Dunning.

Given in igo8-og and in alternate years thereafter.

History 271-272 — History of Spanish America. Professor
Shepherd.

W. at 4.10 and 5.10. 405 L.

This course is intended to serve in part as an introduction to the
history of the South and West in the United States. The Spanish
system of colonial administration will be the leading theme, but some
attention will be devoted also to the political development of the
Spanish-American republics.

Given in igoy-oS and in alternate years thereafter.

History 273-274 — The Development of the West since 1803.

Professor Shepherd.
W. at 4.10 and 5.10. 405 L.

This course will trace the history of the country west of the Appa-
lachians since its acquisition by the United States. It will describe the
conditions of settlement, the organization of Territories, and the forma-
tion of States. The social, economic and political elements visible in
the process will be examined with special reference to their bearing
upon the growth of national sentiment and power.

Given in igoS-og and in alternate years thereafter.

History 371-372 — Seminar in the Early History of the South
and West. Professor Shepherd.

Two hours bi-weekly. Hours to be arranged.

Subject E — Political Philosophy

History 181-182— General History of Political Theories.

Professor Dunning.

M. and W. at 10.10. 406 L.

Every people known to history has possessed some form, however vague
and primitive, of political government. Every people which has attained
a degree of enlightenment above the very lowest has been permeated by
some ideas, more or less systematic, as to the origin, nature and
limitations of governmental authority. It is the purpose of this course to
trace historically the development of these ideas, from the primitive
notions of primitive people to the complex and elaborate philosophical
theories that have characterized the ages of highest intellectual
refinement. The basis of the lectures is Dunning's History of Political
Theories (two volumes), which covers the period from the earliest times
to the middle of the eighteenth century. For the theories of the French
Revolution and the nineteenth century various authorities are referred to.

History 281-282— American Political Philosophy. Professor
Dunning.

M. and F. at II. 10. 410 L.

As the first nation to realize in practice many of the principles that
characterize the modern state, the United States offers special
opportunities for research to the student of political philosophy. In
this course a two-fold line of discussion is followed : First, by a study
of the various documents of the revolutionary era, the Declaration of
Independence, the constitutions, national and commonwealth, and
other state papers, the dominant ideas of the people are derived from
their official records. Second, the writings of the leading statesmen
like Hamilton, Jefferson, Calhoun, and Webster, as well as the more
systematic and philosophical works of Lieber, Mulford, Brownson,

Jameson, and others, are analyzed and subjected to critical comment.
Merriam's History of American Political Theories will be made the basis
of the course, and the method will be chiefly that of a seminar.
Given in igo8-og and in alternate years thereafter.

History 381-382— Seminar in Political Philosophy. Professor
Dunning.

One hour a week. Hour to be arranged.

Cognate Historical Courses

History of Diplomacy. Professor J. B. Moore.
See Public Law 221 and 120.

History and Principles of Colonial Administration. Professor
Goodnow.

See Public Law 243.

History of European Law. Professor Munroe Smith.
See Jurisprudence 265-266.

Fiscal and Industrial History of the United States. Professor
Seligman.

See Economics 107.

Social Evolution. Professor Giddings.
See Sociology 251 and 252.

Courses on Historical and Political Geography.

Geography 31-32 — Historical and Political Geography. Dr.

Stevenson.

M. and W. at 2.10. 405 L.

It is proposed in this course to consider those influences, geographical
in character, which are determining factors in national life. It will
include a study of the physical features of the various continental areas.
Consideration will be given to the course of migration of peoples, lines
of travel, trade routes and trade centers ; the establishment and the
change of national boundaries ; the geographical distribution of peoples
and states. Attention will be directed to the general culture of man-
kind, including economic, political, social, and religious conditions in the
various periods of history as that culture has been affected by geo-
graphical influences. The political geography of the present in the
various continents will be given special consideration in this course ;
present-day problems of territorial expansion and how influenced by
geographical conditions ; geographical questions in general having to
do with national interests and international geographical relations.

Geography 131-132— The Expansion of Geographical Knowledge.

Dr. Stevenson.

M. and W. at 4.10. 410 L.

This will be primarily a course in the geography of discovery. The
theoretical and the practical geography of the ancients will be con-
sidered ; the particular contributions of the Greeks and the Romans
to the expansion of that knowledge ; what was done in the middle ages
to favor, what to hinder, an acquaintance with near and with remote
regions of the earth ; the renaissance of geography. Particular attention
will be given to the period of great geographical discoveries ; over-
land and maritime explorations of the 15th century as a preparation
for the discovery of America ; the geography of exploration and settle-
ment in the New World and in the Far East. The contemporaneous
records of the various periods will be studied. The cartography of
discovery will receive special consideration.

COURSES IN COLUMBIA COLLEGE AND
BARNARD COLLEGE

History A1-A2— Epochs of Ancient, Mediaeval and Modern
History, with special reference to forms of government and changes in
social conditions,
t, Three hours a week.

; Columbia College :

Section 1, M.,W., and F. at 10.10.
Section 2, M. and W. at 10.10, and S. at 11. 10.
Professor Shepherd and Mr. Hayes.

Barnard College :

Section 1, Tu., Th., and S. at 9.10.

Section 2, Tu. and Th. at 9.10, and S. at 10.10.

Professor Shotwell and Miss Huttmann. ,

The course is designed to furnish a general introduction to the work of
the Department of History. In the syllabus upon which it is primarily
founded the attention of the student is constantly directed to the most
essential facts, movements, and tendencies alone. The correlation of
these is duly emphasized, and their real significance explained as
factors in human progress. Lectures, recitations, and notes on assigned
readings constitute the substance of the work required.

History 3-4 — Greece and Early Rome.. Professor Botsford.
M., W., and F. at 9.10. 327 U. M., W., and F. at 10.10. 332 B.
Prerequisite : History A1-A2.

This course will cover the history of the western world from the
Mycenaean age to the unification of Italy under Rome (264 B. C). The
central idea will be the development of civilized life, which expressed
itself in art, literature, and philosophy, in social customs and personal
character as well as in political ideals and institutions. Italy will be
treated in its relations with Greece. The lectures will be supplemented
by reading in the authorities and in translated sources.

Given in igo8-og and in alternate years thereafter.

History 5-6 — The Roman Empire. Professor Botsford.
M., W., and F. at 9.10. 327 U. M., W., and F. at 10.10. 332 B.
Prerequisite : History A1-A2.

The expansion of the Roman power (from 264 B. C.) and the decline
of the republic will be merely introductory to the period of the emperors,
which the course will follow to the reign of Justinian. Attention will
be directed not only to organization and administration, but also to
public works, literature, and social life.

Given in igoj-08 and in alternate years thereafter.

iiisTORY 7-8 — Mediaeval and Modern History to the Peace of
Westphalia. Professor Shotwell.
Three hours a week.
Columbia College :

M., W., and F. at 11. 10.
Barnard College :

Tu. at 2.10 and Th. at 2.10 and 3.10.
Prerequisite : History A1-A2.

This course covers practically the same period as Course I2I-I22, but
treats different phases of the political and social development, such as
Charlemagne's Empire, Feudalism, the Crusades, the Mediaeval Church,
the Towns, especially the Italian City-States in the Fourteenth and
Fifteenth Centuries, the Rise of the Modern Monarchies, the Protestant
Revolt, the Hapsburg Predominance, and the Thirty Years' War.

Not given in iqoy-08.

History 9-10 — Continental European History, Modern and Con-
temporaneous.

Three hours a week.
Columbia College :

Tu. at 10.10 and 11. 10 and Th. at 10.10. Professor Shotwell and
Mr. Hayes.

Barnard College:

Tu. at 2.10 and Th. at 2.10 and 3.10. Professor Shotwell and Miss
Huttmann.

Prerequisite : History A1-A2.

This course traces the political history of Europe from the Peace of
Westphalia to the close of the nineteenth century. It includes a survey
of the modern state system of Europe, the methods of government and
the condition of the people during the eighteenth century, the struggles
for liberty and national unity. Less attention is paid to international
complications than to the internal history of the various countries. An
especial effort will be made to prepare the student to understand current
political and social issues in Europe.

History 11-12— English History to the Reform Bill, 1832.

Professor Beard.

Columbia College :

M., W., and F. at 11. 10.
Given in igoy-08 and in alternate years thereafter.
Barnard College:

M., W., and F. at II. 10.
Given in igo8-og and in alternate years thereafter.
Prerequisite : History A1-A2.

While in the main the political elements visible in the growth and
expansion of England will dominate the course, proper attention will be
given to the other factors that have produced the English type of
civilization. The work involves the study of topics, based upon a
suitable text-book ; it is illustrated by reference to the convenient
collections of sources, and amplified by the reading of standard
authorities.

History 13-14 — History of the United States to the Close of
Reconstruction.

Three hours.
Columbia College :

M., W. , and F. at 2.10. Professor Dunning.

Barnard College :

M., W., and F. at 11. 10. Professor Shepherd.
Prerequisite : History A1-A2.

This is largely a reading course, devoted to the study of the people of
the United States in their general social development. Much attention
is paid to the characteristics of the population in the various sections, to
the personality of the great political and military leaders and to the
influence of these upon the progress of the nation. The standard
histories by Bancroft, Schouler, MacMaster, Adams and Rhodes, and
the American Statesmen Series are extensively employed in the course,
and particular attention is devoted to the Civil War. In the class-room
the method of procedure is that of reports on assigned topics and
discussions rather than of text-book recitations.

COURSES IN TEACHERS COLLEGE

History 51-52 — The Literature of American History. Lectures,
readings, and reports. Professor Johnson.
Tu. and Th. at 4.10.

Emphasis is laid in this course upon the things that seem essential
to an intelligent reading of the literature of American history. After
a brief account of the materials and methods of historical study in
general, some of the special problems of historical writing in America
are examined and illustrated. The readings assigned include examples
of important letters, diaries, journals, memoirs, speeches, autobiog-
raphies and biographies as well as the most important general and
special histories. The historical value of the treatment of certain
familiar episodes by poets, novelists, and authors of books for children
is investigated and some attention is given to the claims, made in
behalf of such writings, as to atmosphere, interest, and availability.

Education 173-174 — Theory and Practice of Teaching History
in Secondary Schools. Lectures, discussions, and practical work. 6
hours. Professor Johnson.

Class work, 4 hours. Tu. and Th. at 9.10.

Practical work, 2 hours. Hours must be arranged with the instructor
before registration.

The course treats of present conditions and ideals in the United States
and in other countries. Among the special topics considered are : the
claims of historical scholarship ; the claims of education ; recent tendencies
in text-book writing ; the choice of facts ; the high-school recitation in
history. The practical work includes observation and criticism of
teaching exercises and the preparation of material for class use.

Prerequisite : 18 hours of college history.

Education 273-274 — Practicum. 4 hours. Professor Johnson.
F., 1. 10-3.

The practicum offers to advanced students opportunities for the
investigation of special questions connected with the teaching of history
in elementary and secondary schools and in normal schools.

COURSES IN THE SUMMER SESSION*

S3 — History of Greece. Lectures, reports, and required readings.
Professor Botsford.

Five hours a week at 9.30. 327 U.

S5 — History of Rome. Lectures, reports, and required readings.
Professor Botsford.

Five hours a week at 10.30. 327 U.

* For fuller details consult the Bulletin of Information in reference to the Summer Session.

SI3-I4^ — American History; general history of the United States
from the beginning of the Mexican^War to the close of Reconstruc-
tion. Recitations, reports, and assigned readings, with an occasional
explanatory lecture. Professor Ames.

Five hours a week at 8.30. 510 F.

S169-1703 — American History ; political and constitutional history of
the United States from the admission of Texas to the close of Recon-
struction. Lectures, discussions, and reference work. Professor Ames.

Five hours a week at 9.30. 510 F.

5154 — Economic History; the leading facts of the economic history
of Europe, especially England. Professor Cheyney.

Five hours a week. Hours to be arranged.

5155— English History to 1650. Professor Cheyney.
Five hours a week. Hours to be arranged.

Group II— PUBLIC LAW AND COMPARATIVE
JURISPRUDENCE

The courses in this group are not open to women.

Subject A — Constitutional Law

Public Law 201-202 — Comparative Constitutional Law. Professor
Burgess.

Tu. and Th. at 2.10. 413 L.

Comprehending a comparison of the provisions of the constitutions of
all the principal modern states (particularly of England, the United
States, France, and Germany), the interpretation of the same by legislative
enactments and judicial decisions, and the generalization from them of
the fundamental principles of public law common to them all. Special
attention is also given to the governmental organization of the territories
and other dependencies of the United States.

Public Law 203-204 — Private Rights and Immunities under the
Constitution of the United States. Professor Burgess.
M. and W. at 2.10. 401 L.
Chiefly discussion of cases.

Public Law 101-102 — American Constitutional Law in its
Historical Development. Professor Burgess.
Tu. and Th. at 1.10. 413 L.
This course is identical with History 169-170.

Public Law 301-302 — Advanced Seminar in Constitutional Law.

Professor Burgess.
F. at 2.10. 406 L.

Subject B — International Law

Public Law 221 — History of Diplomacy.. Professor J. B. Moore.
M. and W. at 9.10. 406 L.

the religious, dynastic, territorial, and commercial struggles of which
that system is the result. The first part of the course relates to the
development of the European concert prior to the Peace of Westphalia.
This is followed by an examination of the most important of the general
European treaties, beginning with those concluded at the Congress of
Westphalia in 1648 and ending with those of recent date.

Public Law 120 — History of American Diplomacy. Professor
J. B. Moore.

M. and W. at 9.10. 406 L.

In the study of American diplomacy special attention will be given to
the history and methods of the diplomacy of the United States. The
course will comprehend : (1) the diplomacy of the Revolution ; (2) the
period from the Treaty of Peace of 1783 to the termination of the War of
1812 ; (3) from the termination of that war to the Civil War ; (4) from the
outbreak of that war to the present time.

Public Law 223-224— International Law. Professor J. B. Moore.
W. and F. at 3.10. 418 L.

This course treats of the general principles of international law, as it
has been developed by positive agreement, in the form of treaties and
conventions, and by common usage as shown in legislation, in the
decisions of international tribunals and of municipal courts, and in the
conduct of nations. The rules thus discovered are discussed in the light
of the principles of reason and justice, as scientifically presented by
writers on international law, and an effort is made to trace the systematic
establishment of the rules which govern intercourse among nations at
the present day.

Public Law 321-322 — Seminar in International Law. Professor
J. B. Moore.

Two hours a week. Hours to be arranged.

Subject C— Administrative Law

Public Law 141— Administrative Law of the United States and
the Principal European States. Professor Goodnow.
M. and W. at 4.10. 406 L.

The purpose of this course is to present the general principles of the
administrative law of the United States, both in the nation and in the
commonwealths, and to compare the law existing in the United States
with the law of England, France, and Germany.

Public Law 242 — Law of Officers (Extraordinary Legal Remedies).

Professor Goodnow.

M. and W. at 4.10. 406 L.

The purpose of this course is to present the general principles of the
law of public officers, in particular those relating to their appointment or
election, their powers and duties, their rights, removal from office ; the
control over their action possessed by the higher administrative officers,
the courts, and the legislature. Special attention will here be paid to the
writs of mandamus , quo warranto, certiorari, habeas corpus, and prohibition,
and their statutory substitutes, by means of which the courts exercise
their control over the administration. Chiefly discussion of cases.

Public Law 243 — History and Principles of Colonial Adminis-
tration. Professor Goodnow.
Tu. and Th. at 10.10. 406 L.

Public Law 244 — Municipal Science and Administration. Pro-
fessor Goodnow.

Tu. and Th. at 10.10. 406 L.

This course deals with municipal activities in the United States and
the more important foreign countries. The principal subjects treated are :
The origin and evolution of the city ; the position of the city in the state
government ; municipal functions ; the control of the state over the city ;
municipal elections ; municipal organization ; the different branches of
municipal activity, such as police, charities, education, and finances.

Public Law 245 — The Law of Municipal Corporations. Professor
Goodnow.

Tu. and Th. at 9.10. 401 L.

Chiefly discussion of cases. Abbott, Cases on Public Corporations, and
Smith, Cases on Municipal Corporations.

Public Law 246— The Law of Taxation. Professor Goodnow.
Tu. and Th. at 9.10. 401 L.
Chiefly discussion of cases.

Public Law 341-342— Seminar in Administrative Law. Profes-
sor Goodnow.

M. at no. 301 L.

Subject D — Roman Law and Comparative Jurisprudence

Jurisprudence 161 — Elements of Law. Professor Munroe Smith.
M., W., and F. at 10.10. 413 L.

This course gives a general view of the origin and development of the
law and of rights, remedial and substantive ; a description of the sources
of the law in force in the United States ; and a systematic outline of the
principal branches of the law. Lectures and assigned reading.

2 4

Jurisprudence 263-264 — Roman Law. Professor Munroe Smith.
W. and F. at 1.10. 410 L.

This course traces briefly the historical development of the Roman
law, and treats of the law of persons, of things, of obligations and of
succession. Lectures, with assigned reading (Muirhead, Historical
Introduction to the Private Law of Rome ; Sohm, Institutes of Ro?nan Law).
The latter part of the second half-year is devoted to a discussion of
cases from the Corpus Iuris Civilis, principally in contracts.

Jurisprudence 265-266 — History of European Law. Professor
Munroe Smith.

Two hours a week. Hours to be arranged.

This course treats (1) of early German law, including a comparison of
Anglo-Saxon and Continental German customs ; (2) of the development
of law in the Frankish Empire ; (3) of feudal law ; (4) of canon law ; (5)
of the law merchant; (6) of the "reception" of the Roman law ; and (7)
of the genesis and character of the modern civil codes.

Jurisprudence 268 — Modern Civil Law of Western Europe. Pro-
fessor Munroe Smith.

Three hours a week. Hours to be arranged.

This course gives a general view of the private law of France, Italy,
Spain, and Germany. It is open only to students who have taken Course
263-264, or who have done equivalent work.

Jurisprudence 269-270 — Conflict of Laws. Professor J. B. Moore.
F. at 9.10. 415 L.

Within the limits of the subject, a comparison is made of theories and
practice in different jurisdictions, both in civil matters and in criminal ;
and attention is given to the special aspects of interstate law in the United
States.

Jurisprudence 361-362 — Seminar in Legal History. Professor
Munroe Smith.

Hours to be arranged.

Seminar for candidates for the Master's degree. The work consists in
reading selected titles of the Corpus Iuris Civilis, of mediaeval law-books
and of modern codes upon some special topic. Papers are presented by
the members of the seminar, usually based upon a comparison of Roman
and English law.

Jurisprudence 363-364 — Seminar in Comparative Jurisprudence.

Professor Munroe Smith.
Hours to be arranged.

Advanced seminar for candidates for the Doctor's degree.

COURSES IN COLUMBIA COLLEGE

Politics 1-2. Professor Beard.
M.,W., and F. at 9.10.

A study of the structure and powers of the Federal and State govern-
ments and their actual workings under the American party system.
As a part of their regular work, the students are advised and will be
expected to attend the public lectures given on the Blumenthal foun-
dation.

Politics 3-4. Professor Beard.
M.,W., and F. at 10.10.
Prerequisite : History A1-A2.

The first half-year will be devoted to a study of the history and organi-
zation of the present political parties and the second half-year to a
comparison of the leading features of American government with those
of the principal countries of Europe. As a part of their work, the
students are advised and will be expected to attend the public lectures
given on the Blumenthal foundation.

Group III— ECONOMICS AND SOCIAL SCIENCE

GRADUATE COURSES

It is presumed that students who take economics, sociology or social
economy as their major subject are familiar with the general principles
of economics and sociology as set forth in the ordinary manuals. Stu-
dents who are not thus prepared are recommended to take the courses
in Columbia College or Barnard College designated as Economics I and 2
(or A and 4) and Sociology 151-152.

The graduate courses fall under three subjects : A — Political Econ-
omy and Finance ; B — Sociology and Statistics ; C — Social Economy.

Courses numbered 200 and above are open to graduate women students
upon the same terms as to men. For a description of other courses open
to women see Courses in Barnard College, pp. 36-37.

Subject A — Political Economy and Finance

Economics 101-102 — Taxation and Finance. Professor Seligman.
Tu. and Th. at 2.10. 422 L.

This course is historical, as well as comparative and critical. After
giving a general introduction and tracing the history of the science of
finance, it treats of the various rules of the public expenditures and the
methods of meeting the same among civilized nations. It describes the
different kinds of public revenues, including the public domain and
public property, public works and industrial undertakings, special assess-
ments, fees, and taxes. It is in great part a course on the history,
theories and methods of taxation in all civilized countries. It considers
also public debt, methods of borrowing, redemption, refunding, repudia-
tion, etc. Finally, it describes the fiscal organization of the state by
which the revenue is collected and expended, and discusses the budget,
national, state, and local.

Economics 103 — Money and Banking. Professor H. L. Moore.
M. and W. at 11. 10. 415 L.

The aim of this course is : (1) to describe the mechanism of exchange
and to trace the history of the metallic money, the paper money, and
the banking system of the United States ; to discuss such questions as
bi-metallism, foreign exchanges, credit cycles, elasticity of the currency,
present currency problems, and corresponding schemes of reform ; (2) to
illustrate the quantitative treatment of such questions as variations
in the value of the money unit, and the effects of appreciation and
depreciation.

Given in igo8-og and in alternate years thereafter.

2 7

Economics 104 — Commerce and Commercial Policy. Professor
H. L. Moore.

M. and W. at 1 1. 10. 415 L.

In this course the economic bases of modern commerce, and the
significance of commerce, domestic and foreign, in its relation to
American industry, will be studied. An analysis will be made of the
extent and character of the foreign trade of the United States, and the
nature and effect of the commercial policies of the principal commercial
nations will be examined.

Given in igo8-og and in alternate years thereafter.

Economics 105 — The Labor Problem. Professor Seager.
Tu. and Th. at 11. 10. 415 L.

The topics considered in this course are : The rise of the factory system,
factory legislation, the growth of trade unions and changes in the law
in respect to them, the policies of trade unions, strikes, lockouts, arbitra-
tion and conciliation, proposed solutions of the labor problem, and the
future of labor in the United States.

Given in igoy-08 and in alternate years thereafter.

Economics 106 — The Trust and Corporation Problem. Professor
Seager.

Tu. and Th. at 11. 10. 415 L.

In this course special attention is given to the trust problem as it
presents itself in the United States. Among the topics considered are
the rise and progress of industrial combinations, the forms of organiza-
tion and policies of typical combinations, the common law and the trusts,
anti-trust acts and their results, and other proposed solutions of the
problem.

Given in igoj-08 and in alternate years thereafter.

Economics 107— Fiscal and Industrial History of the United
States. Professor Seligman.
Tu. and Th. at 3.10. 415 L.

This course endeavors to present a survey of national legislation on
currency, finance, and taxation, including the tariff, together with its
relations to the state of industry and commerce. The chief topics
discussed are : The fiscal and industrial conditions of the colonies ; the
financial methods of the Revolution and the Confederation ; the genesis
of the protective idea ; the fiscal policies of the Federalists and of the
Republicans; the financial management of the War of 1812; the industrial
effects of the restrictive and war periods; the crises of 1819, 1825, and
1837 ; the tariffs of 1816, 1824, and 1828 ; the distribution of the surplus
and the Bank war; the currency problems before 1863; the era of
" free trade," and the tariffs of 1846 and 1857 ; the fiscal problems of the
Civil War ; the methods of resumption, conversion and payment of the

debt ; the disappearance of the war taxes ; the continuance of the war
tariffs; the money question and the acts of 1878, 1890, and 1900; the
loans of 1894-96 ; the tariffs of 1890, 1894, and 1897 ; the fiscal aspects of
the Spanish War. The course closes with a discussion of the current
problems of currency and trade, and with a general consideration of the
arguments for and against protection as illustrated by the practical
operations of the various tariffs.

Given in igoy-08 and in alternate years thereafter.

Economics 108 — Railroad Problems ; Economic, Social, and Legal.

Professor Seligman.

Tu. and Th. at 3.10. 415 L.

These lectures treat of railroads in the fourfold aspect of their relation
to the investors, the employees, the public, and the state respectively.
A history of railways and railway policy in America and Europe forms
the preliminary part of the course. The chief problems of railway
management, so far as they are of economic importance, come up for
discussion. Among the subjects treated are : Financial methods,
railway constructions, speculation, profits, failures, accounts and
reports, expenses, tariffs, principles of rates, classification and discrimi-
nation, competition and pooling, accidents, and employers' liability.
Especial attention is paid to the methods of regulation and legislation
in the United States as compared with European methods, and the course
closes with a general discussion of state versus private management.

Given in igoy-08 and in alternate years thereafter.

Economics 109 — Communistic and Socialistic Theories. Professor
Clark.

Tu. and Th. at 1.10. 406 L.

This course studies the theories of St. Simon, Fourier, Proudhon,
Rodbertus, Marx, Lasalle, and others. It aims to utilize recent discov-
eries in economic science in making a critical test of these theories
themselves and of certain counter-arguments. It examines the socialistic
ideals of distribution, and the effects that, by reason of natural laws,
would follow an attempt to realize them through the action of the state.

Economics iio — Theories of Social Reform. Professor Clark.
Tu. and Th. at 1. 10. 406 L.

This course treats of certain plans for the partial reconstruction of
industrial society that have been advocated in the United States, and
endeavors to determine what reforms are in harmony with economic
principles. It treats of the proposed single tax, of the measures
advocated by the Farmers' Alliance, and of those proposed by labor
organizations, and the general relation of the state to industry.

2 9

Economics 201— Economic Readings I : Classical English Econo-
mists. Professor Seager.
Tu. and Th. at 11. 10. 415 L.

In this course the principal theories of the English economists from
Adam Smith to John Stuart Mill are studied by means of lectures,
assigned readings and reports, and discussions. Special attention is
given to the Wealth of Nations, Malthus's Essay on Population, the bullion
controversy of 1810, the corn law controversy of 1815, and the treatises
on Political Economy of Ricardo, Senior, and John Stuart Mill.

Given in iqo8-oq and in alternate years thereafter.

Economics 202 — Economic Readings II : Contemporary Econo-
mists. Professor Seager.
Tu. and Th. at 11. 10. 415 L-

In this course the theories of contemporary economists are compared
and studied by the same methods employed in Economics 201. Special
attention is given to Bohm-Bawerk's Positive Theory of Capital and
Marshall's Principles of Economics.

Given in igo8-og and in alternate years thereafter.

Economics 203-204 — History of Economics. Professor Seligman.
Tu. and Th. at 3.10. 415 L.

In this course the various systems of political economy are discussed
in their historical development. The chief exponents of the different
schools are taken up in their order, and especial attention is directed to
the wider aspects of the connection between the theories and the organi-
zation of the existing industrial society. The writers discussed are
divided as follows : (1) Antiquity; (2) Middle Ages; (3) Mercantilists;
(4) Physiocrats ; (5) Adam Smith and Precursors ; (6) English School ;
(7) The Continent ; (8) German Historical School ; (9) Recent Develop-
ment — England, Germany, Austria, France, Italy, America.

Given in igo8-og and in alternate years thereafter.

Economics 205 — Economic Theory I. Professor Clark.
M. and W. at 2.10. 406 L.

3°

by a principle of final productivity, and that this principle must be
studied on a social scale, rather than in any one department of
production. The latter part of this course enters the field of Economic
Dynamics, defines an economic society and describes the forces which
so act upon it as to change its structure and its mode of producing and
distributing wealth.

Economics 206 — Economic Theory II. Professor Clark.
M. and W. at 2.10. 406 L.

This course continues the discussion of the dynamic laws of distribu-
tion. The processes of industry are actually progressing. Mechanical
invention, emigration and other influences cause capital and labor to be
applied in new ways and with enlarging results. These influences do
not even repress the action of the static forces of distribution, but they
bring a new set of forces into action. They create, first, employers'
profits, and, later, additions to wages and interest. It is the object of
the course to show how industrial progress affects the several shares in
distribution under a system of competition, and also to determine
whether the consolidations of labor and capital, which are a distinctive
feature of modern industry, have the effect of repressing competition.

It is a further purpose of the course to present the natural laws by
which the increase of capital and that of labor are governed, and to
discuss the manner in which the earnings of these agents are affected by
the action of the state, and to present at some length the character and
the effects of those obstructions which pure economic law encounters in
the practical world.

Economics 207 — Theory of Statistics. Professor H. L. Moore.
M. and W. at 1.10. 415 L.

The aim of this course is to present the elementary principles of
statistics and to illustrate their application by concrete studies in the
chief sources of statistical material. The theoretical part of the course
includes the study of averages, index numbers, interpolation, principles
of the graphic method, elements of demography, and statistical principles
of insurance. The laboratory work consists of a graded series of
problems designed to develop accuracy and facility in the application of
principles. (Identical with Sociology 255.)

Economics 209 — Quantitative Economics I : Advanced Statistics.

Professor H. L. Moore.
M. and W. at 11. 10. 415 L.

Quantitative Economics I and II (see Economics 210) investigate
economics as an exact science. This course treats economics from the
inductive, statistical side. It aims to show how the methods of quantita-
tive biology and anthropology are utilized in economics and sociology.

Special attention is given to recent contributions to statistical theory by
Galton, Edgeworth, and Pearson. Economics 207, or an equivalent, is
a prerequisite.

Given in igoy-08 and in alternate years thereafter.

Economics 210 — Quantitative Economics II : Mathematical
Economics. Professor H. L. Moore.
M. and W. at 11. 10. 415 L.

This course treats economics from the deductive side. It aims to show
the utility of an analytical treatment of economic laws expressed in
symbolic form. The work of Cournot is presented and used as a basis
for the discussion of the contributions to the mathematical method by
Walras, Marshall, and Pareto. Economics 207, or an equivalent, is a
prerequisite.

Given in igoj-08 and in alternate years thereafter.

Economics 241 — The Economic and Social Evolution of Russia
since 1800. Professor Simkhovitch.
M. and F. at 10.10. 418 L.

This course describes the economic development of the country, the
growth of Slavophil, liberal and revolutionary doctrines and parties, and
the disintegration of the autocratic regime. (Identical with History 253.)

Economics 242 — Radicalism and Social Reform as Reflected in
the Literature of the Nineteenth Century. Professor Simkhovitch.
F. at 10.10 and 11. 10. 418 L.

An interpretation of the various types of modern radicalism, such as
socialism, nihilism, and anarchism, and of the social and economic
conditions on which they are based.

Economics 301-302 — Seminar in Political Economy and Finance.

Professors Seligman, Clark, and Seager.

For advanced students. Tu., 8.15-10.15 p.m. 301 L.

Subject B — Sociology and Statistics.

Sociology 151— Principles of Sociology, Analytical and De-
scriptive. Professor Giddings and Mr. Tenney.
M. and W. at 3.10. 415 L.

This is a fundamental course, intended to lay a foundation for advanced
work. In the first half-year, in connection with a text-book study of
theory, lectures are given on the social traits, organization and welfare
of the American people at various stages of their history, and students
are required to analyze and classify sociological material of live interest,
obtained from newspapers, reviews, and official reports.

Sociology 152— Principles of Sociology, Historical. Professor
Giddings and Mr. Tenney.
M. and W. at 3.10. 415 L.

In this course the main outlines of historical sociology are presented.
The beginning of social relations in animal bands are indicated, and the
successive stages of anthropogenic, ethnogenic and demogenic associa-
tion are reviewed. This course is the proper preparation for Sociology
251-252.

Sociology 251— Social Evolution— Ethnic and Civil Origins.

Professor Giddings.

F. at 2.10 and 3.10. 415 L.

This course on historical sociology deals with such topics as : (1) the
distribution and ethnic composition of primitive populations ; (2) the types
of mind and of character, the capacity for cooperation, the cultural beliefs,
and the economic, legal, and political habits of early peoples ; (3) early
forms of the family, the origins, structure, and functions of the clan, the
organization of the tribe, the rise of the tribal federations, tribal
feudalism, and the conversion of a gentile into a civil plan of social
organization. Early literature, legal codes and chronicles, descriptive of
the Celtic and Teutonic groups which combined to form the English
people before the Norman Conquest, are the chief sources made use of
in this course.

Sociology 252 — Social Evolution — Civilization, Progress, and
Democracy. Professor Giddings.
F. at 2.10 and 3.10. 415 L.

This course, which is a continuation of Sociology 251, comprises three
parts, namely : (1) the nature of those secondary civilizations which are
created by conquest, and of the policies by which they seek to maintain
and to extend themselves ; (2) an examination of the nature of progress
and of its causes, including the rise of discussion and the growth of
public opinion ; also a consideration of the policies by which continuing
progress is ensured, — including measures for the expansion of intellec-
tual freedom, for the control of arbitrary authority by legality, for the
repression of collective violence, and for the control of collective impulse
by deliberation ; (3) a study of the nature, the genesis, and the social
organization of modern democracies, including an examination of the
extent to which non-political associations for culture and pleasure,
churches, business corporations, and labor unions, are more or less
democratic ; and of the democratic ideals of equality and fraternity in
their relations to social order and to liberty. The documents of English
history since the Norman Conquest are the chief sources made use of in
this course.

Sociology 257— Historical Types of Society : Ancient. Professor

GlDDINGS.

M. and W. at 4.10. 415 L.

The object of this course, and of Sociology 258, is to examine the
fundamental types of human society as they have appeared in history,
and to study their relations to one another, and to the physical environ-
ment. In the first half-year attention is given chiefly to the sociological
types that appeared in the Eastern Mediterranean region before the
Christian Era.

Sociology 258 — Historical Types of Society : Modern. Professor

GlDDINGS.

M. and W. at 4.10. 415 L.

This is a continuation of Sociology 257. The subject-matter of the
course is found in the European societies that have flourished since the
beginning of the Christian Era, and particular attention is given to the
question of the extent to which they have reproduced the types that
appeared in the Eastern Mediterranean region in earlier days, and to
what extent they present original features attributable to specific
environmental and ethnic influences.

Sociology 255 — Theory of Statistics. Professor H. L. Moore.
M. and W. at 1. 10. 415 L.

This course is identical with Economics 207 (see page 30).

Sociology 256 — Social Statistics. Professor H. L. Moore.
M. and W. at 1. 10. 415 L.

Actual statistical materials, descriptive and explanatory of contempo-
raneous societies, are the subject-matter of this course, which presupposes
a knowledge of statistical operations (Sociology 255) and applies it to the
analysis of concrete problems. The lectures cover such topics as : (1) the
statistics of population, including densities and migrations, composition
by age, sex, and nationality, amalgamation by intermarriage ; (2) statis-
tics of mental traits and products, including languages, religious prefer-
ences, economic preferences (occupations), and political preferences ; (3)
statistics of social organization, including families, households, munici-
palities, churches, business corporations, labor unions, courts of law,
army, navy, and civil service ; (4) statistics of social welfare, including
peace and war, prosperity, education or illiteracy, vitality, and morality,
including pauperism and crime.

Sociology 259 — Ecclesiology. Dr. Bayles.
Tu. and F. at 4.10. 405 L.

the federal and commonwealth constitutions; of the civil status of churches
in terms of constitutional and statute law ; of the methods of incorpora-
tion, of the functions of trustees, of legislative and judicial control ; of
denominational polity according to its type ; of the functional activity of
churches in their departments of legislation, administration, adjudica-
tion, discipline, and mission ; of the influence of churches on ethical
standards ; of the distribution of nationalities among the denominations,
of the territorial distribution of denominational strength, of the relation
of polity to density of population, and of the current movements in and
between various organizations tending toward changes of functions and
structure.

Sociology 311-312 — Seminar in Sociology. Professor Giddings.
Two hours bi-weekly. Hours to be arranged.

The Statistical Laboratory, conducted by Professor H. L. Moore, is
equipped with the Hollerith tabulating machines, comptometers, and
other modern facilities.

Subject C — Social Economy

Social Economy 281-282— Poverty and Relief. Professor Devine.
Tu. and Th. at 4.10. 415 L.

This course, in the first half-year, presents a survey of the remedial
agencies by which modern communities deal with the problem of depend-
ence, including: child-helping societies and reformatories; institutions
for sick and convalescent, aged and infirm, feeble-minded and insane,
vagrants and criminals ; and organized charities for work in the homes
of the poor. The personal causes of distress are analyzed and an
attempt is made to measure the extent of the social burden caused by the
lack of the capacity for self-support.

In the second half-year, the course turns to the social causes of
distress and considers movements which aim at the improvement
of working and living conditions, and changes in the educational
system designed to increase individual industrial efficiency. Housing
and sanitary reform, the prevention of disease and accidents, the length-
ening of childhood, and definite plans for raising the standard of
living are considered. Industrial exploitation, the breaking down of
character by temptations for which the community is responsible, and
other instances of commercial greed and social neglect may properly be
included in this study.

Social Economy 283-284 — Social Legislation in the United States
and Europe. Professor Lindsay.
Tu. and Th. at 5.10. 415 L.

The content rather than the form of social legislation and the forces at
work shaping and crystallizing public opinion on subjects that affect the

general welfare rather than the special political and economic interests
of the people will determine the scope of this course. The subjects
treated will be : education, with special reference to public school
systems and compulsory attendance ; public health, with special refer-
ence to sanitation, food legislation, and temperance ; marriage and
divorce ; welfare of women and children, with special reference to the
child-labor question ; poor relief ; humanitarian ideals ; and religion and
art, including public improvements, scenic preservation, and forestry.
Students will be expected to brief the federal and state laws and court
decisions thereunder as a basis for class lectures and discussions.
Comparisons will be made with similar legislation in Europe, especially
in England, France, and Germany. In 1907-08 the emphasis will be
placed upon the development of social legislation in the United States,
and in alternate years thereafter on European social legislation.

Social Economy 321-322 — Seminar in Social Economy. Professors
Devine and Lindsay.
F., 8-10 p.m. Bi-weekly.

The Seminar for 1907-08 will consider recent developments in the
social and philanthropic activities of New York City, e.g., social settle-
ments, parks, and playgrounds, outside activities of public schools,
children's institutions, relief societies, agencies for the aid of immigrants,
preventive work of organized charities, and educational and religious
movements.

COURSES IN THE SCHOOL OF PHILANTHROPY

The School of Philanthropy, conducted by the Charity Organization
Society, under the direction of Professor Lindsay, offers courses* aggre-
gating not less than eight hours a week throughout the academic year, and
also a Summer School course of six weeks in June and July. These
courses are open to regular students of Columbia University who satisfy
the Director that they are qualified to pursue them with profit, and may
be offered as a minor by candidates for an advanced degree.

The program of studies for 1907-08 is as follows : (a) General survey
{40 lectures) ; {b) Racial traits in the population (20 lectures) ; {c) Con-
structive social work (30 lectures) ; {d) Care of families in their homes
(40 lectures) ; (e) Administration of charitable and educational institu-
tions (20 lectures) ; (/) Child-helping agencies (40 lectures) ; (g) Treat-
ment of the criminal (30 lectures) ; (k) The State in its relation to charities
and corrections (20 lectures).

* These courses are given in the United Charities Building, corner Fourth Avenue and
22d Street. A handbook giving full information about the work of the School may be
obtained from the Director.

COURSES IN COLUMBIA COLLEGE

Economics 1-2 — Introduction to Economics — Practical Economic
Problems. Professors Seligman and Seager and Assistants.

Sections 1 and 2, M. at 1.10 and W. and F. at 11. 10. Sections 3 and 4,
M., W., and F. at 1.10. W. and F. recitations in 415 L. M. lecture in
422 L.

COURSES IN BARNARD COLLEGE

Economics A — Outlines of Economics. Professor Moore and Assist-
ants.

Sections 1 and 2, M.,W., and F. at 9.10. Sections 2 and 3, M. and W.
at 9.10 and F. at 2.10.

Economics 4 — Economic History of England and the United
States. Professor Moore and Assistants.

Section 1, M.,W., and F. at 9.10. Section 2, M. and W. at 9.10 and F.
at 2.10.

Economics 105 — The Labor Problem. Professor Seager.
Tu. and Th. at 1.10. 301 B.

The topics treated in this course are the rise of the factory system,
factory legislation, the growth of trade unions and changes in the law in
respect to them, the policies of trade unions, strikes, lockouts, arbitration
and conciliation, proposed solutions of the labor problem, and the future
of labor in the United States.

Economics 120 — Practical Economic Problems. Professor Seager.
Tu. and Th. at 1. 10. 301 B.

The topics treated in this course are the defects in the monetary and
banking systems of the United States, government expenditures and
government revenues, protection vs. free trade, the relation of the
government towards natural monopolies, and federal control of trusts.

Economics 107 — Fiscal and Industrial History of the United
States. Professor Seligman.
Tu. and Th. at 3.10. 415 L.
(For description see pages 27-28.)

Economics 108 — Railroad Problems, Economic, Social, and Legal.

Professor Seligman.

Tu. and Th. at 3.10. 415 L.
(For description see page 28.)

Economics 109 — Communistic and Socialistic Theories. Professor
Clark.

Tu. and Th. at 11. 10.

Economics iio — Theories of Social Reform. Professor Clark.
Tu. and Th. at 11. 10.

In this course a study is made of modern semi-socialistic movements
and of such reforms as have for their object the improvement of the
condition of the working class. Municipal activities, factory legislation,
the single tax, recent agrarian movements and measures foi the regula-
tion of monopolies are studied.

Sociology 151-152 — Principles of Sociology. Professor Giddings
and Mr. Tenney.

M. and W. at 3.10. 415 L.

(For description see pages 31-32.)

COURSES IN THE SUMMER SESSION*

sA — Principles of Economics. Lectures, recitations, and essays.
Professor McCrae.

Five hours a week at 8.30. 301 H.

(Equivalent, when supplemented by prescribed reading, to Economics
1 or A.)

sB— Railroad Problems. Lectures and class discussions. Professor
McCrae.

Five hours a week at 11.30. 301 H.

(Equivalent, when supplemented by prescribed reading, to Economics
108.)

*For fuller details consult the Bulletin of Information in reference to the Summer Session.

CONSULTATION HOURS FROM
Sept. 23 to Oct. 4, 1907.

The Dean of the Faculty of )

Political Science, or I IO to 12 M " and 2 '3° to 5 p.m.

The Secretary ) Library, 404, 403.

HISTORY AND POLITICAL PHILOSOPHY

Professor Dunning
Professor Osgood
Professor Robinson
Professor Sloane
Professor Shepherd
Professor Shotwell
Professor Botsford
Professor Johnson

10 to 12 A.M.
and
2 to 4 P.M.

)■ Library, 403
J

public law and jurisprudence
Professor Burgess, 2.30 to 5 p.m. Library, 404.

Professor Munroe Smith, M., W., and F., 11 to 12 A.m. Library, 409.

Professor Goodnow, 10 a.m. to 12.30 p.m. Library, 407.

Professor J. B. Moore, 9 a.m. to 4 p.m. Library, 411.

Professor Beard, M., W., and F., 12 to 12.30 p.m. Hamilton Hall, 714.

economics and social science
Professor Seligman "]

Professor Clark 10 to 12 a.m. )

Professor Seager „ t a ?<* M \ Librar ^

2 to 4 P.M. )

Professor H. L. Moore J

Professor Giddings, 10 a.m. and 3 p.m. Library, 408.

Tu.and Th.,11.10 a.m. to 12. 10 p.m. West Hall,202.
W. and F., 2.10 to 3.10 p.m. Barnard, 318.
Professor Simkhovitch, M., Tu., Th., and F., 2 to 4 p.m. Library, 307.
Professor Devine

Professor H. L. Moore

Professor Lindsay

4.10 to 5 p.m. West Hall, 201, 203.

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Columbia University

SCOPE

General Culture

Graduate non-profes-
sional courses

Public and Private
Law

Practice of Medicine

Mining Engineering |
Metallurgy '
Chemistry and Engi- ]
n e e r i n g — C i v i I , j
Sanitary, Electrical, j-
Mechanical, Chem- j
ical J
Architecture, Music,

Design
Ed ucation — elemen-
tary or secondary
teaching
Advanced courses

Pharmacy

There is an annual

Courses are offered
both at the Univer-
sity and elsewhere

Columbia College

Barnard College

Political Science

Philosophy

Pure Science

School of Law
(3 years)

College of Physi-
cians and Surgeons
(4 years)

School of Mines
(4 years)

Schools of Chemistry
and Engineering
(4 years)

Schools of Architecture,
Music and Design

Teachers College
(2 years)

Teachers College

College of Pharmacy

(2 and 3 years)
Summer Session

Extension Teaching

OPEN TO

Men
Women
Men and
Women

Men
Men

Men 1

Men

Men and
Women

LEADING TO

A.B. or B.S.
A.B. or B.S.
A.M.
and Ph.D.

LL.B.
M.D.

E.M.
Met.E.
Chem.
C.E.
E.E.
Mech.E.
Chem.E.

B.S. or
Certificate
Bachelor's
Diploma
and B.S.
Master's
and Doctor's
Diploma
Degrees and
Diplomas
Suitable aca-
demic credit
or certification
Suitable aca-
demic credit
or certification

The normal preparation for Columbia College and Barnard College
is the equivalent of a four-year secondary school course. The Schools
of Political Science, Philosophy, Pure Science, and Law require for
entrance a college course or its equivalent. Two years of collegiate
work are prescribed for Teachers College and for the degree courses in
Architecture, Music and Design and, while the minimum requirements
do not at present prescribe it, the same preparation is strongly recom-
mended in Medicine, Mines, Chemistry, and Engineering.

In the Summer Session and Extension Teaching there are no entrance
tests for non-matriculants, but before being registered as candidates
for degrees or diplomas, matriculants must fulfil the appropriate entrance
requirements.

The program of studies in the College places the emphasis on the
quality of the student's work rather than upon the time spent in residence,
and is so arranged as to make it possible for a properly qualified student
to complete the requirements for both the Bachelor's degree and for any
one of the professional degrees of the University in six years, or, in some
cases, in a shorter period.

Students registered as candidates for non-professional degrees may at
the same time receive credit toward a diploma in teaching and vice versa.

Bulletins of Information regarding any of these courses may be
obtained from the Secretary of the University, and further information
will be furnished on request. A complete Catalogue, issued in Decem-
ber of each year, is sold for twenty-five cents.

April 3, 190^

tulktitt itxfjjrttmliott

HISTORY
ECONOMICS AND PUBLIC LAW

COURSES OFFERED BY THE

FACULTY OF POLITICAL SCIENCE

AND THE

SEVERAL UNDERGRADUATE FACULTIES

ANNOUNCEMENT

IQOQ-IO IttUWWll

y Wflfc

QNNEMfn OF ItUHBi^

Published by

Columbia mniversitg
in tbe Git£ of IFtew l^ork

Morningside Heights
New York, N. Y.

®0tximMa Winxv&x&itvi

These include :

1. The President's Annual Report to the Trustees.

2. The Catalogue of the University, issued in Decem-

ber, price 25 cents.

3. The Announcements of the several Colleges and

Schools, and of certain Divisions, issued in the
Spring and relating to the work of the next year.
These are made as accurate as possible, but the
right is reserved to make changes in detail as
circumstances require. The current number of
any of these Announcements will be sent without
charge upon application to the Secretary of the
University. For information as to the various
courses offered by the University consult the last
page of this Announcement.

ABRIDGED ACADEMIC CALENDAR

The academic year is thirty-seven weeks in length, ending on the
Wednesday nearest the nth of June. In 1909-10 the year begins on
September 22, 1909, and ends on June 8, 1910. It is divided into two
half-years of fifteen weeks of instruction each. In 1909-10 the second
half-year begins on February 7, 1910. The Summer Session for 1909
begins on July 7 and ends on August 18.

The complete Academic Calendar will be found in the University
catalogue and so far as it refers to the students studying under any
Faculty, in the announcement of that Faculty.

D.T.-mch. 1909-6,000 — T . H .

OFFICERS OF INSTRUCTION

FACULTY OF POLITICAL SCIENCE

NICHOLAS MURRAY BUTLER President of the University

A.B., Columbia, 1882 ; A.M., 1883; Ph.D., 1884; LL.D., Syracuse, 1898 ; Tulane,
1901 ; Johns Hopkins, Princeton, Yale, and University of Pennsylvania, 1902 ;
Chicago. 1903 ; Manchester and St. Andrew's, 1905 ; Cambridge, 1907 ; Williams,
1908; Litt.D., Oxford, 1905.

1 John W. Burgess Ruggles Professor of Political Science and

Constitutional Law, and Dean
A.B., Amherst, 1867; A.M., 1870; LL.D., 1884; Ph.D., Princeton, 1883.

Munroe Smith.. .Professor of Roman Law and Comparative Jurisprudence

A.B., Amherst, 1874; A.M., t88o ; LL.B., Columbia, 1877; LL.D., 1904; J.U.D.,
Gottingen, 1880.

Frank J. Goodnow Eaton Professor of Administrative Law and

Municipal Science

A.B., Amherst, 1879 ; A.M., 1886; LL.B., Columbia, 1882, cum laude ; LL.D., 1904.

Edwin R. A. Seligman McVickar Professor of Political Economy

A.B., Columbia, 1879; A.M., 1883; LL.B., 1884; Ph.D., 1884 ; LL.D., 1904.

William Henry Carpenter Villard Professor of Germanic Philology,

and Associate Dean

A.B., Hamilton, 1881 ; Ph.D., Freiburg, 1881.

1 Herbert L. Osgood Professor of History

A.B., Amherst, 1877; A.M., 1880; LL.D., 1907; Ph.D., Columbia, 1889.

x John Bassett Moore Hamilton Fish Professor of International Law

and Diplomacy

A. B., Virginia, 1880; LL.D., Yale, 1901.

William A. Dunning Lieber Professor of History and Political

Philosophy

A.B., Columbia, 1881 ; A.M., 1883 ; Ph.D., 1885 ; LL.D., 1904.

Franklin Henry Giddings Professor of Sociology and the

History of Civilization
A.B., Union, 1877 ; A.M., 1889 ; Ph.D., 1897 ; LL.D., Oberlin, 1900.

John B. Clark Professor of Political Economy

A.B., Amherst, 1872 ; Ph.D., 1890 ; LL.D., 1897 ; LL.D., Princeton, 1896.

James Harvey Robinson Professor of History

A.B., Harvard, 1887 ; A.M., 1888 ; Ph.D., Freiburg, 1890.

William Milligan Sloane '. Seth Low Professor of History

A.B., Columbia, 1868; L.H.D., 1887; A.M. and Ph.D., Leipzig, 1876; LL.D.,
Rutgers, 1898 ; Princeton, 1903.

1 Absent on leave 1909-10.

Henry Rogers Seager Professor of Political Economy

Ph.B., Michigan, 1890: Ph.D., Pennsylvania, 1894.

1 Henry L. Moore. , Professor of Political Economy

A.B., Randolph-Macon, 1892; Ph.D., Johns Hopkins, 1896.

William Robert Shepherd , Professor of History

A.B., Columbia, 1893 ; A.M., 1894 ; Ph.D., 1896.

James T. Shotwell Professor of History

A.B., Toronto, 1898 ; Ph.D., Columbia, 1903.

1 George W. Botsford Adjunct Professor of History

A. B., Nebraska, 1884; A.M., 1889; Ph.D., Cornell, 1891.

Vladimir G. Simkhovitch Adjunct Professor of Economic History

Ph.D., Halle-Wittenberg, 1898.

Edward Thomas Devine Schiff Professor of Social Economy

B. A., Cornell College, Iowa, 1887 ; M.A., 1890 ; LL.D., 1904 ; Ph.D., Pennsylvania,

1895.

Henry Johnson Professor of History in Teachers College

B.L., University of Minnesota, 1889 ; A.M., Columbia, 1902.

Samuel McCune Lindsay Professor of Social Legislation

Ph.B., University of Pennsylvania, 1889 ; Ph.D., Halle, 1892.

2 Henry Suzzallo Professor of the Philosophy of Education in

Teachers College

A.B., Stanford, 1899 ; A.M., Columbia, 1902 ; Ph.D., 1905.

George Winfield Scott Professor of International Law

A.B., Leland Stanford, 1896 ; Ph.D., University of Pennsylvania, 1902.

Other Officers

Richard J. H. Gottheil Professor of Rabbinical Literature and the

Semitic Languages

A.B., Columbia, 1881 ; Ph.D., Leipzig, 1886.

A. V. Williams Jackson .Professor of Indo-Iranian Languages

A. B., Columbia, 1883 ; A.M., 1884 ; L.H.D., 1885 ; Ph.D., 1886 ; LL.D., 1904.

Franz Boas Professor of Anthropology

Ph.D., Kiel, 1881.

Livingston Farrand Professor of Anthropology

A. B., Princeton, 1888; A.M., 1891 ; M.D., Columbia, 1891.

1 Absent on leave 1909-10.

John D. Prince Professor of the Semitic Languages

A.B., Columbia, 1888 ; Ph.D., Johns Hopkins, 1892.

Friedrich Hirth Dean Lung Professor of Chinese

A.M. and Ph.D., Rostock, 1869.

Charles A. Beard Adjunct Professor of Politics

A. B., De Pauw University, 1898 ; A.M., Columbia, 1903 ; Ph.D., 1904.

Mrs. Mary K. Simkhovitch Adjunct Professor of Social Economy in

Barnard College

B. A., Boston University, 1890.

Henry R. Mussey. . . .Adjunct Professor of Economics in Barnard College
A.B., Beloit, 1900 ; Ph.D., Columbia, 1905.

Arthur C. McGiffert, Ph.D., D.D Washburn Professor of Church

History in Union Theological Seminary

William Walker Rockwell, S.T.B., Lie. Th Assistant Professor of

Church History in Union Theological Seminary
Henry Peter Scratchley, M. A., B.D. .Acting Professor of Ecclesiastical

History in the General Theological Seminary

Marshall Bowyer Stewart, M.A., B.D Instructor in Ecclesiastical

History in the General Theological Seminary

George J. Bayles Associate in Ecclesiology

A.B., Columbia, 1891 ; A.M., 1892 ; LL.B., 1893 ; Ph.D., 1895.

Alvan A. Tenney, Ph.D Tutor in Sociology

Maude A. Huttmann, A.M Tutor in History in Barnard College

Carlton Huntley Hayes, A.M Lecturer in History

Eugene E. Agger, Ph.D Lecturer in Political Economy

Carl F. L. Huth, A.M Lecturer in History

Edward McChesney Sait, A.M Lecturer in Public Law

Lilian Brandt, A.M Assistant in Social Economy

Juliet Stuart Points, A.M Assistant in History in Barnard College

iii

GENERAL STATEMENT

Certain courses which may be counted toward the several degrees are
also offered in the Summer Session of the University.

Teachers College, founded in 1888, and Barnard College, founded in
1889, have now become parts of the educational system of Columbia
University.

Admission

There are no examinations for admission to the graduate courses
under the Faculty of Political Science. Students are admitted at any
time during the year. They must, however, present themselves for
registration at the opening of the first or second half-year in order to
obtain full credit for residence. They may present themselves for exam-
ination for a degree whenever the requirements as to residence, and as
to an essay or dissertation, have been complied with. For details see
the announcement of the Faculties of Political Science, Philosophy and
Pure Science, which may be had on application to the Secretary of the
University.

Odd numbers indicate the first, even numbers the second, half of the
academic year. Courses designated 1-2, 21-22, etc., run through both
half-years. Courses numbered between I and 100 are, in genera!,
elementary, and may not be offered in fulfilment of the requirements for

the higher degrees (A.M. and Ph.D.). Courses numbered from 101 to
200 are primarily for students who hold a first degree but are open to
undergraduates who have completed 64 points (for law 94 points),
including all prescribed courses except Philosophy A and two half-year
courses in Natural Science. In general no such course may be taken
without some elementary training in the same or in some allied subject.
Courses from 201 to 300 are restricted to graduate students. Seminars
are numbered from 301 up. Attention is called to the pamphlet entitled
Instruction for Candidates for the Degrees of Master of Arts and Doctor of
Philosophy, which may be had on application to the Secretary of the
University, and particularly to the fact that the requirements for the
higher degrees are based upon subjects and not upon courses. Students
who wish to offer a subject either as a major or minor should, before
registration, consult the officers of instruction concerned with regard
to their selection of courses.

For conditions of admission to Columbia College and Barnard College,
see the circular upon entrance examinations, which may be had upon
application to the Secretary of the University.

Those graduate courses which are open to undergraduates — i. e. the
courses numbered from 101 to 200 — are closed to women students unless
announced separately as open to students of Barnard College ; but all
purely graduate courses in History and in Economics and Social Science
are open to women graduate students who have the first degree.

For information in regard to degrees, fees, fellowships, scholarships,
prizes, student employment, dormitories, the Academy of Political Science,
expense of living, and public lectures, see the appropriate announcement
either of the Faculties of Political Science, Philosophy and Pure Science,
or of Columbia, Barnard, or Teachers College.

Abbreviations of names of buildings: B='Barnard College; Hm =
Hamilton; L= Library ; S=Schermerhorn ; T = Teachers College;
U=University ; W=West Hall.

Libraries

Students of the several subjects taught under the direction of the
Faculty of Political Science will find New York to be a centre of library
facilities unrivalled elsewhere in the United States. The library of
Columbia University alone contains about 450,000 bound volumes and
perhaps 100,000 items of unbound material. Upwards of 150,000 of the
works available lie within the domain of history, politics, public law,
jurisprudence, economics, and social science. Most of them are stored
in a considerable number of special study-rooms open only to authorized

readers, thus affording advanced students and investigators in those
fields the fullest opportunity to carry on their work in quiet rooms in the
immediate vicinity of the literature of the subjects under consideration.
Since officers of the University have always been regarded as ex-officio
members of the library staff, they are constantly consulted in the matter
of purchases, and any book needed by advanced students can usually be
bought at once. Thus built up around the university departments, the
library has brought to Columbia a series of remarkably efficient working
collections. All of them are accurately catalogued both by authors and
by subjects on cards accessible to readers. The facilities of the library
are enhanced by the maintenance of a system of inter-university loans
through which authorities that it does not possess may be placed at the
disposal of officers and students. As a designated depository, further-
more, the library receives all the publications of the United States
Government, and has fairly complete sets of the legislative and diplo-
matic documents issued by foreign governments. It is supplied with
every journal of importance, and possesses entire sets of the great
Sitzungsberichte, Jahrbiicher, etc.

Among the resources of the library bearing upon European history
are abundant stores of epigraphic material, including the Corpora and
many original inscriptions on stone, and of archaeological material such
as that furnished by the magnificent Avery collection ; the Rolls Series
and the Calendars of State Papers ; the Parliamentary Papers ; the
Publications of the Record Commission ; the Monumenta Germaniae
Historica ; the Documents Inedits ; the great ecclesiastical collections ;
many rare pamphlets relating to the French Revolution ; a large amount
of Napoleana ; the Warburg collection of matter covering every phase
of present conditions in Russia, and a noteworthy series of Russian
public documents, the gift of Count Witte.

For the study of American history the library possesses, not only the
colonial and other records published by the Federal Government and by
the several states, but complete sets also of the collections of all of the
state, and of many of the local historical societies ; the Force Revolution-
ary Tracts ; the reports of state constitutional conventions, and the
unique Townsend Library of national, state and individual records of
the Civil War.

In addition to the official documentation, periodical literature, and
extensive collections above noted, the library offers unusual advantages
to students of politics, public law, jurisprudence, economics, and social
science in the library of Henry Livingston Thomas, late Chief Translator
of the Department of State, in that of the Holland Society of New York
with its valuable collection of works of Grotius, in that of the Reform
Club of the City of New York, of which it is the depository, and in a vast
number of general and special works dealing with those branches of
knowledge. The equipment of publications on sociological theory, the

history of the family, pauperism, crime and penology is unparalleled in
the country. In social economy, charities and philanthropy the Library
of the New York School of Philanthropy is available.

The materials thus furnished by the University Library are richly
supplemented by those in the libraries of public institutions, learned
societies, and civic organizations, with which New York abounds. In
the list of such establishments may be placed the Lenox and Astor
Libraries, with their great collections of newspapers, pamphlets, and
manuscripts, including at the former the Bancroft and Munoz transcripts ;
the American Museum of Natural History ; the Metropolitan Museum of
Art ; the American Geographical Society ; the American Numismatic
and Archaeological Society ; the New York Genealogical and Biographical
Society ; the New York Society ; the Authors' Club ; the New York
Historical Society ; the Long Island Historical Society ; the General
Theological Seminary ; Union Theological Seminary, with its 100,000
volumes and 55,000 pamphlets bearing upon practically all phases of
church history in Europe and America ; the Hispanic Society of America,
with its unique collection of materials relating to the history, institutions,
and culture of Spain, Portugal and Latin America ; the Bar Association ;
the Law Institute, and the Charity Organization Society. To the libraries
of all of these students have access under favorable conditions. Advanced
students also have at their disposal the library of the McVickar Professor
of Political Economy, which contains the most complete collection of
works on economics to be found in the United States.

The Academy of Political Science

Under the auspices of this body, which is in affiliation with Columbia
University, opportunities are given for the discussion of questions of
interest as presented in papers by specialists. Associate membership,
open to students only, includes all privileges except voting and holding
office. The annual dues for associate membership are $3. All members
receive the Political Science Quarterly, the official publication of the
Academy, without cost.

Public Lectures

The University conducts many courses of public lectures of particular
interest to students under the Faculty of Political Science. Some of
these are given by distinguished foreigners, others by men prominent
in public life in the United States. Certain of the courses, also, are
maintained by specific endowment, such as the Beer lectures in political
science, the Blumenthal lectures in politics, and the Carpentier lectures
in law.

Publications

Under the editorial supervision of the Faculty of Political Science, 88
monographs, comprised in 34 volumes, have been published in the series
known as "Studies in History, Economics and Public Law." The firm

of Longmans, Green & Co. has charge of their publication. Students
whose doctoral dissertations are accepted for inclusion in the "Studies"
may secure certain financial advantages from the publication of their
work in this form.

The Faculty of Political Science also edits the Political Science
Quarterly which has now reached its twenty-fourth volume.

Fellowships and Scholarships

Twelve university fellowships of the value of $650 each are awarded
annually to students under the Faculty of Political Science, Philosophy,
and Pure Science. Three special fellowships also are awarded to
students under the Faculty of Political Science alone. These are the
George "William Curtis Fellowship in Political Science, of an annual
value equal to the net income of an endowment of $10,000 accruing
during a period of three years, and awarded every third year for a term
of two years ; the Garth Fellowship in Political Economy, of a value
equal to the net annual income of a fund of $16,250, and awarded
annually ; and the Schiff Fellowship in Political Science of a value of
$600 and awarded annually. The Gottsberger Fellowship, of an annual
value equal to the net income of a fund of $9,500, and awarded every
second year, is open to graduates of Columbia College only, and is
assigned to students under the Faculty of Political Science in rotation
with the Faculties of the other non-professional schools of the University.

Twenty university scholarships of an annual value of $150 and eight
additional scholarships known as the President's University Scholarships
are awarded similarly to students under the Faculty of Political Science,
Philosophy, and Pure Science. There are also four university scholar-
ships, known as the Curtis University Scholarships, having the same
value and open to women students only.

Applications must be made in writing on blanks furnished for the
purpose by the Secretary of the University, and must be filed with that
officer : for fellowships, on or before March 1 ; for scholarships, on or
before May 1.

Prizes

The following prizes are open to competition by students under the
Faculty of Political Science : the Bennett Prize ($40) awarded to the
student not holding a baccalaureate degree who submits the best essay
upon some subject of contemporaneous interest in the domestic or
foreign policy of the United States ; the Grant Squires Prize ($200)
awarded every five years to the graduate student who conducts an
original investigation of a sociological character which may be deemed
the most meritorious ; and the Toppan Prize ($150) for the best written
examination upon a paper prepared by the Professor of Constitutional
Law.

Group I— HISTORY AND POLITICAL
PHILOSOPHY

GRADUATE COURSES

Courses numbered 200 and above (except those included also in
Group II) are open to graduate women students upon the same terms as
to men.

The buildings in which the lectures are given are indicated as follows :
B = Barnard College ; Hm = Hamilton ; L = Library ; S = Schermerhorn ;
T=Teachers College ; U = University.

Subject A — Ancient and Oriental History §

History 103 — History of India and of Persia. Professor Jackson.
M. and W. at 2.10. 306 U.

(Identical with Indo-Iranian 109, Faculty of Philosophy.)

[History 104 — The Rise of Arabian Civilization and the Spread
of Mohammedanism. Professor Gottheil.
Tu. and Th. at 1.10. 309 U.

This course will treat of the geographical position of Arabia, its early
history as recorded upon the monuments, the Sabseans and Himyarites,
pre-Mohammedan civilization, the life of Mohammed, the rise of
Mohammedanism as a religious system and as a political power, Arabic
historiography, the early Caliphs, Ali and his followers, and the Abbasside
Caliphs.

(Identical with Semitics 120, Faculty of Philosophy.)
Not given in igog-io.]

History 109 — The History of Western Asia and Egypt.

Professor Prince.

M. and W. at 4.10. 309 U.

The ancient history of Western Asia from the earliest times until the

period of Alexander the Great, embracing an historical survey of early

§ Students whose major subject is Ancient History are advised to choose one minor from
the courses in Greek and Roman epigraphy and archaeology, and in Roman topography and
numismatics, given by the Division of Classical Philology. For a description of these
courses see the Announcement of that Division.

1 1

Babylonia, the Assyrian Empire, the later Babylonian Empire, and the
Persian rule in Babylonia, as well as a briefer discussion of the Egyptian,
Phoenician and Hittite civilizations. Especial attention will be given
to the points of contact between the Assyro-Babylonian historical records
and the Old Testament, and to the most important ethnological problems
which a study of the ancient peoples of Western Asia presents.

(Identical with Semitics 1 19, Faculty of Philosophy.)

Given in igog-10 and in alternate years thereafter, if five students apply.

History 111-112 — The Language, Literature, Government, and
Social Life of the Chinese. Professor Hirth.
Two hours a week. Hours to be arranged.
For students not wishing to become specialists in Chinese.

History 113-1 14— History of China. Professor Hirth.
One hour a week. Hour to be arranged.

Continued from previous year and intended for all students, including
such as do not study the Chinese language. Special attention will be
paid to the cultural and economical development of China and her rela-
tions to other Asiatic nations.

History 115-116 — The Period of Transition in Roman History
from the Republic to the Empire. Mr. Huth.
S. at 9 and 10. 406 L.

On the basis of the literary and epigraphic sources, as well as of the
modern authorities, the course will follow, through the decline of the
republic and through the early principate, the gradual growth of imperial
ideas, institutions and organization, with due reference to underlying
social conditions.

[History 117-118— The Middle Period of the Roman Empire, from
Hadrian to Constantine. Professor Botsford.
S. at 9 and 10. 406 L.

In this course attention will be directed to the transformation of the
imperial government from a principate to a strongly centralized despotism,
and to the accompanying changes in administration, economy, society,
intelligence and religion. It will be based on the sources as well as on
the modern authorities.

Not given in igog-io.]

History 211-212 — Roman Civilization. Professor Olcott.
M. and W. at 5.10. 109 L.
(Identical with Latin 229-230.)

History 213 — Historical Types of Society ; Ancient : The Theory
of Progress.:}: Professor Giddings.
F. at 2.10 and 3.10. 413 L.

(Identical with Sociology 257. For description see page 38.)
Given in igog-10 and in alternate years thereafter.

% Courses thus marked are purely historical, treating the subjects historically and genetic-
ally, but emphasizing different aspects of Economics, Sociology, and Public Law as essential
forms of treatment.

I 2

[History 215-216— History of Greece, Political, Social, and In-
tellectual. Professor Botsford.

Three hours a week. Hours to be arranged.
Not given in igog-io.~]

History 311-312 — Seminar in Greek and Roman History. Mr.

Huth.

Two hours bi-weekly. Hours to be arranged.

Subject B— Mediaeval and Church History.

History 121-122 — The History of the Intellectual Class in Europe
from the Greek Sophists to the French Philosophes. Professor
Robinson.

Tu. and Th. at 10, with a third hour to be arranged. 410 L. Tu. and
Th. at 3.10 with a third hour to be arranged. 339 B.

The object of this course is to trace the changing intellectual interests
and attitude of mind of the educated class from Socrates and Plato to
Voltaire and Rousseau. The general range of Greek culture, especially
as inherited by the Romans, will form a background for an estimate of
the Christian conception of man and the world as represented in Augus-
tine's City of God. Miracles, allegory, monasticism, the "dark age," the
" Twelfth century Renaissance," the revival of Aristotle, the universities,
and the general nature of the scholastic learning, will occupy the first
half-year. The second term will be devoted to Roger Bacon and the
beginnings of modern experimental science, Peter Dubois, Marsiglio of
Padua, Dante, Humanism from Petrarch to Erasmus, the invention of
printing, the intellectual aspects of the Protestant Revolt, astrology,
witchcraft, Bacon's Advancement of Learning, the genesis of the spirit of
progress, the Deists, and the Encyclopaedists.

[History 125-126 — The History of England to 1660. Professor
Osgood.

Tu. and Th. at 3.10. 410 L.

Not given in igog-10.]

[History 217— Social Evolution : Ethnic and Civil Origins. %

Professor Giddings.

F. at 2.10 and 3.10. 413 L.

(Identical with Sociology 251. For description see page 37.)
Given in igio-11 and in alternate years thereafter.]

History 218 — History of European Law4 Professor Munroe
Smith.

M., W., and F. at 1.10. 410 L.

(Identical with Jurisprudence 266. For description see page 29.)

History 220 — Primitive Institutions in Europe. Professor
Shotwell.

Th. at 4.10 and 5.10. 208 L.

This course deals with the persistence in European institutions, cus-
toms, laws and religions of those phenomena of primitive life which are
connected directly with magic and taboo. The field covered is mainly
that of the later Roman Empire, early Christianity and the Germanic
peoples. Lectures and discussions.

History 221 — Later Roman Empire and Early Middle Ages.

Professor Shotwell.
W. at 4.10 and 5.10. 208 L.

This course deals with the transition from ancient to mediaeval history ;
the social and intellectual conditions in the later Roman Empire, the
causes of its disintegration, the rise of Christianity and its relation to
paganism, the persecutions, the triumph of the Christian church, and the
rise of the papacy. The course also includes a survey of the origins of
the barbarian kingdoms, Merovingian and Carolingian culture, the
renewed invasions of the Northmen, Saracens and Hungarians, the
" dark age," and the beginnings of feudalism. Lectures and discussions.

Given in igog-10 and in alternate years thereafter.

History 223— Paganism and Christianity. Professor Shotwell.
M. at 4.10 and 5.10. 20S L.

This is a research course, dealing with the non-theological aspects of
the transition from paganism to Christianity. It includes a survey of
the antique popular religion, the mystery cults, the attitude toward magic
in the later empire, the persecutions, both pagan and Christian, the
growth of religious intolerance, the lives of the saints and the place of
miracle in Christian propaganda.

Given in igog-10 and in alternate years thereafter.

$ Courses thus marked are purely historical, treating the subjects historically and genetic-
ally, but emphasizing different aspects of Economics, Sociology, and Public Law as essential
forms of treatment.

[History 225— The Later Middle Ages. Professor Shotwell.
W. at 4.10 and 5. 10. 208 L.

The main object of this course is to trace the general development of
European civilization from the tenth century to the beginning of modern
times. It will include a survey of the mediaeval church, feudalism, the
beginnings of the modern national state (especially in France), the
recovery of Roman law and the work of the lawyers, the renaissance of
commerce and the history of the towns, the increase in capital and the
social disorders in France and Germany, the question of apostolic poverty
and the mendicant orders, the papacy and the conciliar movement.
Finally an effort will be made to measure the importance of the Italian
renaissance. Lectures and discussions.

Given in igio-11 and in alternate years thereafter .~\

History 226 — The Protestant Revolt. Professor Robinson.
M. at 4.10 and 5.10. 208 L.
(For description see page 16.)

[History 227 — Europe in the Twelfth and Thirteenth Centuries.

Professor Shotwell.

M. at 4.10 and 5.10. 208 L.

This is a research course, designed to supplement History 225. Atten-
tion will be concentrated upon some of the more vital interests of the
so-called mediaeval renaissance. Political, religious, and social institutions
(especially in France), will be studied, mainly upon the basis of Luchaire's
Manuel des Institutions francaises. Some attention will also be paid to
mediaeval architecture and to archaeology, but the greater part of the
work will be based upon literary and documentary sources.

Given in igio-11 and in alternate years thereafter.}

History 228— The Catholic Reformation (i.e., the so-called Counter
Reformation) and the Council of Trent. Professor Robinson.
W. at 4.10 and 5.10. 208 L.
(For description see page 16.)

History 321— Historical Bibliography ; The Sources of European
History ; Methods of Historical Study. Professors Robinson, Shot-
well, and Simkhovitch.

Th. at 4.10 and 5.10. 208 L.

History 229-230 — General Church History: Period I, The Ancient
Church to 590 A. D.; Period II, The Mediaeval Church, 590-1517;
Period III, The Modern Church.* Professors McGiffert and
Rockwell.

History 233-234 — History of Christian Doctrine : I, History of
Thought in the Primitive and Catholic Church.* Professor
McGiffert.

History 235-236 — History of Christian Doctrine : II, History of
Protestant Thought.* Professor McGiffert.

History 237 — English Church History : Reformation and Post-
Reformation Periods.* Professor McGiffert.

History 238 — History of Early Christian Literature.* Professor
McGiffert.

History 241-242 — Religious Thought in the Eighteenth Century

(a research course intended especially for graduates).* Professor
McGiffert.

History 331-332 — Seminar in Church History.* Professors
McGiffert and Rockwell.

History 243 — The Church during the First Three Centuries.f

Professor Scratchley.

History 244 — Latin Fathers. f Mr. Stewart.

History 246 — The Church from the Council of Nicsea to Charle-
magne, f Professor Scratchley.

History 248— The Church of England in the Middle Ages.f Mr.

Stewart.

History 249 — The Church of England. f Professor Scratchley.

History 250 — The Church from Charlemagne to Modern Times,
exclusive of England. f Professor Scratchley.

* These courses are given at the Union Theological Seminary and may be taken to make up
a minor subject for the degree of Master of Arts or Doctor of Philosophy.

t These courses are given at the General Theological Seminary and may be taken to make
up a minor subject for the degree of Master of Arts or Doctor of Philosophy.

Subject C — Modern European History from the Opening
of the Sixteenth Century

History 151— European History, 1815-1848. Professor Sloane.
M.,W., and F. at 1.10, with a fourth hour by arrangement. 327 U.
Given in igog-10 and in alternate years thereafter.

[History 153 — Contemporary European History since 1848.

Professor Sloane.

M.,W., and F. at 1.10, with a fourth hour by arrangement. 327 U.
Given in igio-11 and in alternate years thereafter.']

[History 157-158— History of Great Britain, principally during the
Eighteenth and Nineteenth Centuries. Professor Osgood.
Tu. and Th. at 3.10. 410 L.

Not given in iqoq-io.]

History 164 — History and Principles of Colonial Administration.^:

Professor Goodnow.

Tu. and Th. at 10. 406 L.
(Identical with Public Law 144.)

History 214 — Historical Types of Society. Modern: The Theory
of Progress.}: Professor Giddings.
F. at 2. 10 and 3.10. 413 L.

(Identical with Sociology 258. For description see page 39.)
Given in iqoq-io and in alternate years thereafter.

History 226 — The Protestant Revolt. Professor Robinson.
M. at 4.10 and 5.10. 208 L.

This course will consist in a critical study of the antecedents and
nature of the Protestant Revolt, with especial attention to the influence
of the Humanists and to Luther's role as leader of the revolt in Germany.
Lectures and discussions.

Given in iqoq-io and in alternate years thereafter.

History 228 — The Catholic Reformation (i.e., the so-called Counter
Reformation) and the Council of Trent. Professor Robinson.
W. at 4.10 and 5.10. 208 L.

This is a research course open only to those who have taken or are
taking History 226, which it is designed to supplement. It will be a

X Courses thus marked are purely historical, treating the subjects historically and genetic-
ally, but emphasizing different aspects of Economics, Sociology, and Public Law as essential
forms of treatment.

study of the changes which took place in the mediaeval church, whether
as a result or not of the Protestant Revolt.

Given in igog-io and in alternate years thereafter.

[History 251 — History of Spain. Professor Shepherd.
Tu. at 4. 10 and 5.10. 319 U.

Studies especially the institutions and culture of Spain from the
fifteenth century to the nineteenth. Incidental reference will be made
to Portugal so far as may be needful to indicate the type of civilization
carried by this country, as well as by Spain, to America.

Not given in igog-io.]

[History 252 — The Reforms of the French Revolution. Professor
Robinson.

M. at 4.10 and 5.10. 208 L.

Given in igio-11 and in alternate years thereafter.]

[History 253— The Economic and Social Evolution of Russia
since 1800. Professor Simkhovitch.
M. and F. at 10. 418 L.

(Identical with Economics 241. For description see page 36.)
Not given in igog-io.]

[History 254— The Progress of the French Revolution (1789-1800)
with special attention to the sources. Professor Robinson.
W. at 4. 10 and 5.10. 208 L.

This is a research course open to those only who have taken, or are
taking, History 252 which it is designed to supplement. A good knowl-
edge of French is, of course, required.

Given in igio—11 and in alternate years thereafter .]

History 255— History of Diplomacy.:}: Professor Scott.
M. and Tu. at 11. 405 L.

(Identical with Public Law 221. For description see page 26.)

[History 256— Social Evolution : Civilization, Liberty, and De-
mocracy.}: Professor Giddings.
F. at 2.10 and 3.10. 413 L.

(Identical with Sociology 252. For description see page 38.)
Given in igio-11 and in alternate years thereafter.]

History 321 — Historical Bibliography ; The Sources of European
History ; Methods of Historical Study. Professors Robinson, Shot-
well, and Simkhovitch.

Th. at 4.10 and 5.10. 208 L.

(For description see page 14.)

History 357 — The Work of Napoleon. Professor Sloane.
W. and F. at 10, first or second half-year, or both by arrangement.
301 L.

This is a research course for the most advanced students only. It is
open to such selected individuals as give evidence of capacity for original
research, and the ability to read French and German fluently is indispen-
sable to admission. The topics are chosen by the instructor and the
student works under his direction, given in personal consultations, twice
a week. The papers prepared are expected to be short monographs,
thoroughly discussing the theme on the basis of the original authorities.

Subject D— American History

History 161 — The Formation of the American Constitutional
System. Professor Beard.
Tu. at 4.10 and 5.10. 413 L.

(Identical with Public Law 101. For description see page 25.)

History 162 — The Development of the American Constitutional
System. Professor Beard.
Tu. at 4.10 and 5.10. 413 L.

(Identical with Public Law 102. For description see page 25.)

History 163 — Fiscal and Industrial History of the United States.:}:

Professor Seligman.

Tu. and Th. at 3.10. 422 L.

(Identical with Economics 107. For description see page 32.)
Given in igog-10 and in alternate years thereafter.

History 164 — History of American Diplomacy.:}: Professor Scott.
M. and Tu. at 11. 405 L.

(Identical with Public Law 120. For description see page 27.)

[History 261-262— American Colonial History during the Seven-
teenth Century. Professor Osgood.

Two hours a week. Hours to be arranged.

% Courses thus marked are purely historical, treating the subjects historically and genetically,
but emphasizing different aspects of Economics, Sociology, and Public Law as essential
forms of treatment.

early history of Virginia as a royal province will also be considered.
The beginning of efforts on the part of Great Britain to assert imperial
control over the colonies will also be traced. This course is open only to
approved candidates for the A.M. and Ph.D. degrees and to such special
students as receive permission to attend.
Not given in iqoq-io.]

[History 263-264 — American Colonial History during the Eight-
eenth Century. Professor Osgood.

Two hours a week. Hours to be arranged.

This course begins at 1690 and ends at 1760. It is devoted to the study
of the royal province as a form of colonial government, and of the
British system and policy of colonial administration during the period of
intercolonial wars. It is both a continuation of the preceding course
and an introduction to the study of the American Revolution. It is open
to the same class of students as History 261-262, and the method of
instruction is the same as in that course.

Not given in iqoq-io.~\

History 267-268 — The United States from 1850, with special
reference to the Civil War and Reconstruction. Professor Dunning.
M. and F. at II. 410 L.

The chief object of this course is to describe the constitutional principles
which came into play during the period from 1850 to 1884. Among the
topics discussed in more or less detail are : The principles of the appeal
to arms ; the nature and scope of the " war power" ; the status of the
negro as affected by the war ; the various theories of Reconstruction ;
the adoption of the last three amendments to the Constitution ; the
actual process of Reconstruction; the so-called "force legislation,"
and the ultimate undoing of Reconstruction. In addition to these
constitutional topics, the general political and social progress of the
nation is treated.

History 271 — Spanish and French Colonization in the United
States from 1513 to 1697. Professor Shepherd.
Th. at 4.10 and 5.10. 319 U.

Traces the work of discovery, exploration, and settlement carried on
by Spain and France within the continental area of the United States,
and studies the types of civilization thereby produced.

Given in iqoq-io and in alternate years thereafter.

History 272 — Spanish and French Colonization in the United
States from 1697 to 1803. Professor Shepherd.
Th. at 4.10 and 5.10. 319 U.

A continuation of the preceding course, but with special reference to
the occupation of the Louisiana country.

Given in iqoq-io and in alternate years thereafter.

[History 273— The South and West to 1840. Professor Shepherd.
Th. at 4.10 and 5.10. 319 U.

Describes the process of American migration and settlement beyond
the Alleghanies, with due regard to the European race elements concerned.
The institutions established in the South and West and the traits developed
in each of these sections, together with the organization and government
of the Territories and the' circumstances under which they were admitted
to the Union as States, will be examined in the light of their respective
influence upon the early growth of the nation.

Given in igio-11 and in alternate years thereafter .]

[History 274 — The West since 1840. Professor Shepherd.
Th. at 4.10 and 5.10. 319 U.

A continuation of the preceding course, but with special reference to
the occupation and development of the region west of the Mississippi.
The social, economic, and political forces which have determined the
expansion of the United States to the Pacific, and the relation of these
forces to the progress of national sentiment and power, will be the chief
objects of study.

Given in iqio-ii and in alternate years thereafter.]

History 275 — Colonial Latin America. Professor Shepherd.
W. at 4.10 and 5.10. 319 U.

An examination of the characteristics of Spanish and Portuguese
dominion in America, exclusive of the continental area of the United
States. The system of colonial administration (particularly that of
Spain), and the efforts of other European states to destroy the political
and commercial monopoly of Spain and Portugal, will be the topics
treated in most detail.

History 276 — The Latin American Republics. Professor Shepherd.
W. at 4.10 and 5.10. 319 U.

A study of the several countries of Latin America since the attainment
of their national independence. Special attention will be given to their
economic, social, political, and intellectual conditions, and to their rela-
tions with Europe and the United States.

[History 361-362 — The American Revolution. Professor Osgood.
S. at 10 and 11. 301 L.

This course will be conducted as a lecture and investigation course
and will consist of a detailed study of the sources of American history
from about 1760 to the close of the Revolution.

Not given in igog-io.]

[History 363-364— Seminar in American Colonial History. Pro-
fessor Osgood.

One hour a week. Hour to be arranged.
Not given in 190g-10.l1

History 365 — European Politics and the War of 1812. Professor
Sloane.

W. and F. at 10 first or second half-year, or both by arrangement. 301 L.

Research course for the most advanced students only. It is given to
selected individuals who show capacity for original research, and is
open only to those who read French and German fluently. The topics
are chosen by the instructor and the students work under his direction
given in personal consultations twice a week. The papers prepared are
expected to be short monographs thoroughly discussing the theme on the
basis of original authorities.

[History 367-368— Seminar in later United States History. Pro-
fessor Dunning.

One hour a week. Hour to be arranged.

Given in igio-11 and in alternate years thereafter.]

Subject E — Political Philosophy

History 279-280— General History of Political Theories. Professor
Dunning.

M. and W. at 10. 406 L.

Every people known to history has possessed some form, however
vague and primitive, of political government. Every people which has
attained a degree of enlightenment above the very lowest has been per-
meated by some ideas, more or less systematic, as to the origin, nature
and limitations of governmental authority. It is the purpose of this
course to trace historically the development of these ideas, from the
primitive notions of primitive people to the complex and elaborate
philosophical theories that have characterized the ages of highest
intellectual refinement. The basis of the lectures is Dunning's History
of Political Theories (two volumes), which covers the period from the
earliest times to the middle of the eighteenth century. For the theories
of the French Revolution and the nineteenth century various authorities
are referred to.

[History 281-282— American Political Philosophy. Professor
Dunning.

M. and F. at 11. 410 L.

As the first nation to realize in practice many of the principles that
characterize the modern state, the United States offers special opportuni-
ties for research to the student of political philosophy. In this course a
two-fold line of discussion is followed : First, by a study of the various
documents of the revolutionary era, the Declaration of Independence,
the constitutions, national and commonwealth, and other state papers,
the dominant ideas of the people are derived from their official records.
Second, the writings of the leading statesmen like Hamilton, Jefferson,
Calhoun, and Webster, as well as the more systematic and philosophical

works of Lieber, Mulford, Brownson, Jameson, and others, are analyzed
and subjected to critical comment. Merriam's History of American
Political Theories will be made the basis of the course, and the method
will be chiefly that of a seminar.

Given in igio-u and in alternate years thereafter.]

History 381-382 — Seminar in Political Philosophy. Professor
Dunning.

One hour a week. Hour to be arranged.

COURSES IN COLUMBIA COLLEGE AND
BARNARD COLLEGE

History A1-A2 — Epochs of History.
Three hours a week.
Columbia College :

Section 1, Tu., Th., and S. at 9. 301 Hm.
Section 2, M., W., and F. at 10. 301 Hm.
Section 3, Tu., Th., and S. at 10. 301 Hm.

Professor Shepherd (second half-year), Dr. Hayes, Mr. Sait,
and Mr. Hum

Barnard College :

Section 1, Tu. and Th. at 11, and W. at 3.10.
Section 2, Tu. and Th. at 1.10, and W. at 3.10.
Section 3, Tu. and Th. at 2.10, and W. at 3.10.
Professor Shotwell and Miss Huttmann.

History 9-10— Continental European History, Modern and Con-
temporaneous.

Three hours a week.
Columbia College :

M., W., and F. at 1.10, and a fourth hour, for consultation, to be.
arranged. 502 Hm. Professor Shotwell and Dr. Hayes.

Barnard College :

M., W., and F. at 2.10. Professor Shotwell and Miss Points.
Prerequisite : History A1-A2.

History 11-12— A General Survey of English History. 516 Hm.

Mr. Sait.
Three hours.
Columbia College :

Tu., Th., and S. at IT.
Given in igog-io and in alternate years thereafter.

[Barnard College :

M., W., and F. at n.
Given in igio-n and in alternate years thereafter.}

Prerequisite : History A1-A2.

History 13-14— History of the United States to the Close of
Reconstruction.

Three hours.

Columbia College :

M.,W., and F. at 2.10. 702 Hm. Professor Dunning.

Barnard College :

M.,W., and F. at 11. 339 B. Professor Shepherd.
Prerequisite : History A1-A2.

COURSES IN TEACHERS COLLEGE

History 51-52 — The Literature of American History. Lectures,
readings, and reports. Professor Johnson.
Tu. and Th. at 3.10.

Education 173 — Theory and Practice of Teaching History in
Secondary Schools. Lectures, discussions, and practical work. Five
hours. Professor Johnson.

Class work, three hours. Tu., Th., and S. at 9.

Practical work, two hours. Hours must be arranged with the
instructor before registration.

By special arrangement with the instructor, graduate students whose
major subject lies outside of the department of history in Teachers
College may omit the practical work of this course and register for the
class work only.

Prerequisite : Eighteen hours of college history.

Education 174 — Historical Bibliography for Teachers in
Secondary Schools. Lectures, reports, and practical work. Five
hours. Professor Johnson.

Class work, three hours. Tu., Th., and S. at 9.

Practical work, two hours. Hours must be arranged with the instructor
before registration.

The aim of the course is to discover in the various fields of history the
literature especially adapted to the needs and abilities of pupils in
American secondary schools.

By special arrangement with the instructor, students may omit the
practical work of this course and register for the class work only.

Education 273-274— Practicum. Four hours. Professor Johnson.
W. at 2.10 and 3.10.

The practicum offers to advanced students opportunities for the
investigation of special questions connected with the teaching of history
in elementary and secondary schools and in normal schools.

COURSES IN THE SUMMER SESSION*

sAi -Europe in the Middle Ages: the Chief Political, Economic,
and Intellectual Achievements. Lectures, reading, and discussion.
Dr. Hayes.

Five hours a week at 9.30. 703 Hm.

sA2— Modern and Contemporary European History. Lectures,
reading, and discussion. Dr. Hayes.
Five hours a week at 10.30. 703 Hm.

si3-i4^ — American History: Political History of the United
States from 1815 until 1889. Recitations, written tests, reports, and
occasional lectures. Professor Bassett.

Five hours a week at 8.30. 702 Hm.

S104 — History of Greece: from Pericles to the Roman Conquest.

Lectures, readings, papers, and discussions. Professor Botsford.
Five hours a week at 9.30. 702 Hm.

sio6 — History of the Roman Empire : from Augustus to
Constantine. Lectures, readings, papers, and discussions. Professor
Botsford.

Five hours a week at 10.30. 702 Hm.

S128 — Seminar. English Commercial Relations with the Continent
in the Fifteenth and Sixteenth Centuries. Professor Cheyney.
Tu. at 2.30 and 3.30. 702 Hm.

3169-170^ — American History: the Period from 1789 until 1815.

Lectures, reports, examination of original materials and the larger
secondary sources. Professor Bassett.
Five hours a week at 11.30. 702 Hm.

* For fuller details consult the Bulletin of Information in reference to the Summer Session.

Group II— POLITICS, PUBLIC LAW AND
COMPARATIVE JURISPRUDENCE

The courses in this group are not open to women.

Subject A — Constitutional Law

Public Law ioi — The Formation of the American Constitutional
System. Professor Beard.
Tu. at 4.10 and 5.10. 413 L.

Includes a study of the following topics : The government of the
American colonies on the eve of the Revolution; the process by which
union, independence and self government were established; the failure
of the Articles of Confederation; the formation of the Federal Constitu-
tion; the fundamental principles of the system of government inaugurated
in 1789; and the place of the State in that system.

(Identical with History 161.)

Public Law 102 — The Development of the American Constitutional
System. Professor Beard.
Tu. at 4.10 and 5.10. 413 L.

Embraces a study of the historical development of the federal system
of government through legislation, judicial decisions, and political
practice. The leading decisions of the Supreme Court on great constitu-
tional questions will be discussed in their proper historical relation, and
the influence of extra-legal party practices in the actual conduct of
government will be considered. The tendencies in the evolution of
State constitutions will be treated as a part of the evolution of the
American constitutional system.

(Identical with History 162.)

Public Law 103-104 — Comparative Politics and Government.

Professor Beard.

M. and W. at 10. 422 L.

Comprehending a study of the nature and origin of the state and
government, and a comparison of the system of government prevailing
in England, France, Germany, and the United States, and the generaliza-
tion of the fundamental principles of public law common to them all.
The administrative organization and the relations of the central
institutions to the political subdivisions of the respective countries will
also be treated.

Public Law 105— Party Government in the United States.

Professor Beard.

M. and W. at 11. 413 L.

The relation of political parties to the frame-work of government ;
character of party antagonisms in the United States historically considered ;
the origin and development of party organization and machinery ; the
national convention and campaign ; state, local, and municipal party
organization; sources of strength in party machinery ; ballot reform,
primary legislation, and corrupt practices acts.

Public Law 106 — American State Government. Professor Beard.
M. and W. at 11. 413 L.

Special attention will be devoted to the government of New York State
with reference to tendencies and practices of other states. The principal
topics will be the organization of the central government of the state and
system of control over local and municipal institutions ; problems of
administrative control over state departments ; questions of legislative
organization and procedure ; recent tendencies in legislative methods ;
character of recent legislative activities ; lobbies ; reference bureaus ;
and bill drafting.

Public Law 203-204 — The Constitutional Law of the United
States. Professor Goodnow.
M. and W. at 2.10. 422 L.

Chiefly discussion of cases. McClain, Cases on Constitutional Law.

Public Law 301-302 — Seminar in Constitutional and Administra-
tive Law. Professors Goodnow and Beard.
M. at 1. 10. 301 L.

Intended for students who are writing their theses in constitutional or
administrative law. A number of questions relating to American and
European law and practice will be considered in the seminar, and the
research work of each student will be conducted under the personal
supervision of the instructors.

Subject B — International Law

Public Law 221 — History of Diplomacy. Professor Scott.
M. and Tu. at 11. 405 L.

The object of this course is to exhibit the evolution of the relations
between independent states and the manner in which those relations are
conducted. The history of the diplomatic system of Europe is traced
from its beginnings to the present time, and an exposition is given of
the religious, dynastic, territorial, and commercial struggles of which
that system is the result. The first part of the course relates to the
development of the European concert prior to the Peace of Westphalia.

This is followed by an examination of the most important of the general
European treaties, beginning with those concluded at the Congress of
Westphalia, and ending with those of recent date.
(Identical with History 255.)

Public Law 120 — History of American Diplomacy. Professor
Scott.

M. and Tu. at II. 405 L.

In the study of American diplomacy special attention will be given' to
the history and methods of the diplomacy of the United States. The
course will comprehend : (1) The diplomacy of the Revolution ; (2) the
period from the Treaty of Peace of 1783 to the termination of the War of
1812 ; (3) from the termination of that war to the Civil War; (4) from the
outbreak of that war to the present time.

(Identical with History 164.)

Public Law 223-224 — International Law. Professor Scott.
M. and Tu. at 3.10. 405 L.

Public Law 321-322 — Seminar in International Law. Professor
Scott.

Two hours a week. Hours to be arranged.

Subject C — Administrative Law
Public Law 143 — Municipal Science and Administration. Professor

GOODNOW.

Tu. and Th. at 10. 406 L.

This course deals with municipal activities in the United States and
the more important foreign countries. The principal subjects treated are :
The origin and evolution of the city ; the position of the city in the state
government ; the control of the state over the city ; municipal elections ;
municipal organization.

Public Law 144 — History and Principles of Colonial Adminis-
tration. Professor Goodnow.
Tu. and Th. at 10. 406 L.
(Identical with History 164.)

[Public Law 146 — Municipal Functions. Professor Beard.

Organization and management of the ordinary departments of modern
cities ; methods of approaching transit, housing, and land questions ;
public ownership and operation ; recent municipal progress in meliorating
the conditions of city life ; city planning ; direct employment and con-
tract systems ; problems of administrative and public control over the
management of public business.

Not given in 7909-10.]

Public Law 241 — Law of Officers (Extraordinary Legal Remedies).

Professor Goodnow.

Tu. and Th. at 9. 422 L.

The purpose of this course is to present the general principles of the
law of public officers, in particular those relating to their appointment or
election, their powers and duties, their rights, removal from office ; the
control over their action possessed by the higher administrative officers,
the courts, and the legislature. Special attention will here be paid to the
writs of mandamus, quo warranto, certiorari, habeas corpus, and prohibition,
and their statutory substitutes, by means of which the courts exercise
their control over the administration. Chiefly discussion of cases.

[Public Law 246— The Law of Municipal Corporations. Professor

Goodnow.

Tu. and Th. at 9. 406 L.

Chiefly discussion of cases. Abbott, Cases on Public Corporations , and
Smith, Cases on Municipal Corporations.
Not given in 1909-10.]

Public Law 248 — The Law of Taxation. Professor Goodnow.
Tu. and Th. at 9. 401 L.

Chiefly discussion of cases. Goodnow, Cases on Taxation.

Public Law 341-342 — Seminar in Constitutional and Administra-
tive Law. Professors Goodnow and Beard.
M. at 1. 10. 301 L.

(Identical with Public Law 301-302. For description see page 26.)

Subject D— Roman Law and Comparative Jurisprudence

Jurisprudence 161 — Elements of Law. Professor Munroe Smith.
M.,W., and F. at 10. 413 L.

2 9

Jurisprudence 263 — Roman Law. Professor Munroe Smith.
M.,W. , and F. at 1.10. 410 L.

This course traces briefly the historical development of the Roman
law, and treats of the law of persons, of things, of obligations and of
succession. Lectures, with assigned reading (Muirhead, Historical
Introduction to the Private Law of Rome ; Sohm, Institutes of Roman Law).
The latter part of the second half-year is devoted to a discussion of
cases from the Corpus luris Civilis, principally in contracts.

Jurisprudence 266 — History of European Law. Professor Munroe
Smith.

M.,W., and F. at 1.10. 410 L.

This course treats (1) of early German law, including a comparison of
Anglo-Saxon and Continental German customs ; (2) of the development
of law in the Frankish Empire ; (3) of feudal law ; (4) of canon law ; (5)
of the law merchant ; (6) of the " reception " of the Roman law ; and (7)
of the genesis and character of the modern civil codes.

(Identical with History 218.)

Jurisprudence 268 — Modern Civil Law of Western Europe.
Professor Munroe Smith.

M.,W., and F. at 3.10. 406 L.

This course gives a general view of the private law of France, Italy,
Spain, and Germany. It is open only to students who have taken Course
263, or who have done equivalent work.

Jurisprudence 269-270 — Conflict of Laws. Professor Munroe
Smith.

Th. at 3.10. 406 L.

Jurisprudence 361-362 — Seminar in Legal History. Professor
Munroe Smith.

Hours to be arranged.

Seminar for candidates for the Master's degree. The work consists in
reading selected titles of the Corpus luris Civilis, of mediaeval law-books
and of modern codes upon some special topic. Papers are presented by
the members of the seminar, usually based upon a comparison of Roman
and English law.

Jurisprudence 363-364— Seminar in Comparative Jurisprudence.

Professor Munroe Smith.
Hours to be arranged.

Advanced seminar for candidates for the Doctor's degree.

3°

COURSES IN COLUMBIA COLLEGE

Politics 1-2. Professor Beard.
M.,W., and F. at 9. 617 Hm.

As a part of their regular work, the students are advised, and will be
expected to attend, the public lectures given on the Blumenthal foun-
dation.

Group III— ECONOMICS AND SOCIAL SCIENCE

GRADUATE COURSES

It is presumed that students who take economics, sociology or social
economy as their major subject are familiar with the general principles
of economics and sociology as set forth in the ordinary manuals. Stu-
dents who are not thus prepared are recommended to take the courses in
Columbia College or Barnard College designated as Economics I and 2
(or Ai and A2) and Sociology 151-152.

The graduate courses fall under three subjects : A — Political Econ-
omy and Finance ; B — Sociology and Statistics ; C — Social Economy.

Courses numbered 200 and above are open to graduate women students
upon the same terms as to men. For a description of other courses open
to women see Courses in Barnard College, pages 42-43.

Subject A — Political Economy and Finance

Economics ioi — Science of Finance. I : Public Expenditures and
Revenues. Professor Seligman.
Tu. and Th. at 1.10. 422 L.

This course is historical, as well as comparative and critical. After
giving a general introduction and tracing the history of the science of
finance, it treats of the various classes of public expenditure and the
fiscal principles which govern them. It describes and analyzes the
different kinds of public revenues, including the public domain and pub-
lic property, public works and industrial undertakings, fees and special
assessments. Special attention is devoted to the specific American
problems.

Economics 102— Science of Finance. II : Taxation, Public Debts
and the Budget. Professor Seligman.
Tu. and Th. at 1.10. 422 L.

This course deals with the history, theories and methods of taxation
in all civilized countries. It treats of such problems as the incidence and
the general principles of taxation and proceeds to discuss the separate
classes of taxes with special reference to American conditions. It con-
siders also public debt, methods of borrowing, redemption, refunding,
repudiation, etc. Finally, it describes the fiscal organization of the state
by which the revenue is collected and expended, and discusses the
budget, national, state, and local.

3 2

Economics 104 — Commerce and Commercial Policy. Professor

MUSSEY.

Tu. and Th. at II. 415 L.

In this course the economic bases of modern commerce, and the
significance of commerce, domestic and foreign, in its relation to Ameri-
can industry, will be studied. An analysis will be made of the extent
and character of the foreign trade of the United States, and the nature
and effect of the commercial policies of the principal commercial nations
will be examined.

Economics 105— The Labor Problem. Professor Seager.
Tu. and Th. at II. 415 L.

The topics considered in this course are : The rise of the factory
system, factory legislation, the growth of trade unions and changes in the
law in respect to them, the policies of trade unions, strikes, lockouts,
arbitration and conciliation, proposed solutions of the labor problem, and
the future of labor in the United States.

Economics 106 — The Trust and Corporation Problem. Professor
Seager.

Tu. and Th. at 10. 415 L.

Given in jgog-10 and in alternate years thereafter.

Economics 107 — Fiscal and Industrial History of the United
States. Professor Seligman.
Tu. and Th. at 3.10. 422 L.

This course endeavors to present a survey of national legislation on
currency, finance, and taxation, including the tariff, together with its
relations to the state of industry and commerce. The chief topics
discussed are : The fiscal and industrial conditions of the colonies ; the
financial methods of the Revolution and the Confederation ; the genesis
of the protective idea ; the policies of the Federalists and of the Repub-
licans ; the War of 1812 ; the crises of 1819, 1825, and 1837 ; the tariffs of
1816, 1824, and 1828 ; the distribution of the surplus and the Bank war ;
the currency problems before 1863 ; the era of " free trade" ; the fiscal
problems of the Civil War ; the methods of resumption ; the new indus-
trial problems ; the currency acts of 1878, 1890, and 1900 ; the loans of
1894-96 ; the tariffs of 1890, 1894, and 1897 ; Spanish War financiering ;
the crisis of 1907. The course closes with a discussion of the present
fiscal and industrial situation.

(Identical with History 163.)

Given in igog-10 and in alternate years thereafter.

Economics 108— Railroad Problems ; Economic, Social, and Legal.

Professor Seligman.

Tu. and Th. at 3.10. 422 L.

These lectures treat of railroads in the fourfold aspect of their relation
to the investors, the employees, the public, and the state respectively. A
history of railways and railway policy in America and Europe forms the
preliminary part of the course. The chief problems of railway manage-
ment, so far as they are of economic importance, come up for discussion.
Among the subjects treated are : Financial methods, railway con-
structions, speculation, profits, failures, accounts and reports, expenses,
tariffs, principles of rates, classification and discrimination, competition
and pooling, accidents, and employers' liability. Especial attention is
paid to the methods of regulation and legislation in the United States as
compared with European methods, and the course closes with a general
discussion of state versus private management.

Given in igog-10 and in alternate years thereafter.

Economics 109 — Socialism. Professor Simkhovitch.
Tu. and Th. at 2.10. 406 L.

The course gives an outline of the social movement during the nine-
teenth century, and a brief review of the doctrines of the leading French,
English and German exponents of socialism, such as Babeuf, St. Simon,
Fourier, Cabet, Proudhon, Louis Blanc, Robert Owen, Thompson, the
English Christian Socialists, the German "philosophical" socialists,
Lasalle and Rodbertus. Special attention is given to the Marxian
theories, as well as to the revolt against Marxism — the revisionist
movement.

Economics iio — Theories of Social Reform. Professor Clark.
Tu. and Th. at 2.10. 406 L.

This course treats of certain plans for the partial reconstruction of
industrial society that have been advocated in the United States, and
endeavors to determine what reforms are in harmony with economic
principles. It treats of the proposed single tax, of the measures
advocated by the Grangers' and the Farmers' Alliance, and of those
proposed by labor organizations, of the method of dealing with monopo-
lies, and of the general relation of the state to industry.

[Economics 112 — Money and Banking. Professor Seager.
Tu. and Th. at 10. 415 L.

The purpose of this course is to supply the historical and theoretical
basis necessary to a wise solution of the monetary and banking problems
that are of special interest to the people of the United States.

Given in igio-11 and in alternate years thereafter.]

Economics 201 — Economic Readings: Classical English Econo-
mists. Professor Seager.
W. at 10 and 11. 418 L.

[Economics 203 — History of Economics to Adam Smith. Professor
Seligman.

Tu. and Th. at 3.10. 415 L.

In this course the various systems of political economy are discussed
in their historical development. The chief exponents of the different
schools are taken up in their order, and especial attention is directed
to the wider aspects of the connection between the theories and the
organization of the existing industrial society. The writers discussed are
divided as follows: (1) Antiquity ; (2) the Middle Ages ; (3) the
Mercantilists; (4) the Physiocrats; (5) the English Precursors of Adam
Smith.

Given in igio-11 and in alternate years thereafter.]

[Economics 204 — History of Economics since Adam Smith.

Professor Seligman.
Tu. and Th. at 3.10. 415 L.

The chief writers discussed in this course are: (1) The English Classical
School ; (2) the Early British Socialists ; (3) the Continental Development
to 1870 ; (4) the Early American Writers ; (5) the German Historical
School ; (6) the Socialists ; (7) the Austrian School ; (8) the Leading
Contemporary Economists.

Given in igio-11 and in alternate years thereafter^

Economics 205 — Economic Theory I. Professor Clark.
M. and W. at 2.10. 406 L.

This course discusses, first, the static laws of distribution. If the
processes of industry were not changing, wages and industry would
tend to adjust themselves according to certain standards. A study of the
mechanism of production would then show that one part of the product
is specifically attributable to labor, and that another part is imputable to
capital. It is the object of the course to show that the tendency of free
competition, under such conditions, is to give to labor, in the form of
wages, the amount that it specifically creates, and also to give to capital,
in the form of interest, what it specifically produces. The theory
undertakes to prove that the earnings of labor and of capital are governed
by a principle of final productivity, and that this principle must be
studied on a social scale, rather than in any one department of

production. The latter part of this course enters the field of Economic
Dynamics, defines an economic society and describes the forces which
so act upon it as to change its structure and its mode of producing and
distributing wealth.

Economics 206— Economic Theory II. Professor Clark.
M. and W. at 2.10. 406 L.

This course continues the discussion of the dynamic laws of distribu-
tion. The processes of industry are actually progressing. Mechanical
invention, emigration and other influences cause capital and labor to be
applied in new ways and with enlarging results. These influences do
not even repress the action of the static forces of distribution, but they
bring a new set of forces into action. They create, first, employers'
profits, and, later, additions to wages and interest. It is the object of
the course to show how industrial progress affects the several shares in
distribution under a system of competition, and how progress itself is
caused, and also to determine whether the consolidations of labor and
capital, which are a distinctive feature of modern industry, necessarily
have the effect of repressing competition and checking progress.

[Economics 207 — Theory of Statistics. Professor H. L. Moore.
S. at 9, 10, and 11. 415 L.

The aim of this course is to present the elementary principles of
statistics and to illustrate their application by concrete studies in the
most important sources of statistical material. The theoretical part of
the course includes the study of averages, index-numbers, interpolation
and the principles of the graphic method. Toward the end of the term
a review is given of the statistical processes employed in mathematical
economics and of the chief empirical results that have already been
established.

Laboratory exercises are required of all students attending the course.
(Identical with Sociology 255.)
Not given in igog-ioJ\

[Economics 210 — Social Statistics. Professor H. L. Moore.
S. at 9, 10, and 11. 415 L.

(Identical with Sociology 256. For description see page 38.)
Not given in igog-io.]

[Economics 241 — The Economic and Social Evolution of Russia
since 1800. Professor Simkhovitch.
M. and F. at 10. 418 L.

This course describes the economic development of the country, the
growth of Slavophil, liberal and revolutionary doctrines and parties, and
the disintegration of the autocratic regime.

(Identical with History 253.)

Not given in iqoq-ioI\

Economics 242— Radicalism and Social Reform as reflected in
the Literature of the Nineteenth Century. Professor Simkhovitch.
F. at 10 and ri. 418 L.

An interpretation of the various types of modern radicalism, such as
socialism, nihilism, and anarchism, and of the social and economic
conditions on which they are based.

Economics 301 — Seminar in Political Economy and Finance.

Professors Seligman, Clark, and Seager.

For advanced students. Tu., 8. 15-10. 15 p.m. 301 L.

Economics 302 — Seminar in Political Economy and Finance.

Professors Seligman, Clark, and Seager.

For advanced students. Tu., 8. 15-10. 15 P.M. 301 L.

Subject B — Sociology and Statistics

Sociology 151 — Principles of Sociology, Analytical and Descriptive.

Professor Giddings and Dr. Tenney.
M. and W. at 3.10. 401 and 413 L.

This is a fundamental course, intended to lay a foundation for
advanced work. In connection with a text-book study of theory, lectures
are given on the pre-suppositions and the methods of the scientific study
of society, and students are required to analyze and to classify
sociological material of live interest, obtained from newspapers, reviews,
and official reports.

Sociology 152 — Principles of Sociology, Historical. Professor
Giddings and Dr. Tenney.

M. and W. at 3.10. 401 and 413 L.

In this course the main outlines of historical sociology are so presented
as to constitute an introduction to the study of social evolution and to
the theory of progress. The beginnings of social relations in animal
bands are indicated, and the successive stages of anthropogenic,
ethnogenic, and demogenic association are reviewed. This course is
the proper preparation for Sociology 251, 252, 257, and 258.

Sociology 153 — Ethnology: Primitive Culture. Lectures, papers,
and discussions. Professor Farrand.
M. and W. at 3.10. 505 S.

This course consists of a detailed treatment of the questions involved
in primitive culture, such as the origin and development of mythology,
morality, and religion, education, art, social customs, etc. Students
are expected to have taken Anthropology 1-2 or 101-102, or to give
satisfactory evidence of previous work before being admitted to this course.

(Identical with Anthropology 105.)

Sociology 154 — Ethnology: Primitive Culture. Lectures, papers,
and discussions. Professor Farrand.
M. and W. at 3.10. 505 S.

A continuation of the preceding course, and admission to it is subject
to the same conditions.

(Identical with Anthropology 106.)

Sociology 155 — The European Race and its Early History.

Lectures, papers, and discussions. Professor Boas.
Tu. and Th. at 11. 505 S.

In this course the distribution of types of man in Europe and the
history of their development into the modern nations are traced. The
important relations of the history of civilization in Europe to the civili-
zation in Asia and in Africa are discussed, and the traits of European
civilization due to the psychologic unity of mankind are considered.

(Identical with Anthropology ill.)

Sociology 156 — The European Race and its Early History.

Lectures, papers, and discussions. Professor Boas.
Tu. and Th. at 11. 505 S.
A continuation of the preceding course.
(Identical with Anthropology 112.)

[Sociology 251— Social Evolution: Ethnic and Civil Origins.

Professor Giddings.

F. at 2.10 and 3.10. 413 L.

This course in historical sociology deals with such topics as : (1) The
early distribution and ethnic composition of western European popula-
tions ; (2) the original types of mind and of character, the capacity for coop-
eration, the cultural beliefs and the economic, legal and political habits of
western European peoples ; (3) early forms of the family, the origins,
structure, and functions of the clan, the organization of the tribe, the
rise of tribal federations, tribal feudalism, and the conversion of a
gentile into a civil plan of social organization in western Europe. Early
literature, legal codes and chronicles, descriptive of the Celtic and
Teutonic groups which combined to form the English people before the
Norman Conquest, are the chief sources made use of in this course.

(Identical with History 217.)

Given in igio-i 1 and in alternate years thereafter.^

[Sociology 252— Social Evolution : Civilization, Liberty, and
Democracy. Professor Giduings.
F. at 2. 10 and 3.10. 413 L.

This course comprises three parts, namely : (1) An examination of the
nature of those secondary civilizations which are created by conquest,
and of the policies by which they seek to maintain and to extend
themselves ; (2) A study of the growth and of the policies of liberty,
including measures for the expansion of intellectual freedom, for the
control of arbitrary authority by legality, for the repression of collective
violence, and for the control of collective impulse by deliberation ; (3)
a study of the nature, the genesis, and the social organization of modern
democracies, including an examination of the extent to which
non-political associations are more or less democratic ; and of the
democratic ideals of equality and fraternity in their relations to social
order and to liberty. The documents of English history since the
Norman Conquest are the chief sources made use of in this course.

(Identical with History 256.)

Given in ig 10-11 and in alternate years thereafter.]

[Sociology 255 — Theory of Statistics. Professor H. L. Moore.
S. at 9, 10, and n. 415 L.

(Identical with Economics 207. For description see page 35.)
Not given in jgoo-io.]

[Sociology 256— Social Statistics. Professor H. L. Moore.
S. at 9, 10, and n. 415 L.

This course, which presupposes a knowledge of statistical processes
(Sociology 255)) begins with a detailed study of the methods and generali-
zations of vital statistics and leads to an examination of recent theories
of population in the light of the data afforded by official publications.
Toward the end of the term a review is given of the statistical methods
employed in anthropometry and in eugenics, and of the chief empirical
results that have already been established.

Laboratory exercises are required of all students attending the course.

(Identical with Economics 210.)

Not given in iqoq-io.]

Sociology 257 — Historical Types of Society. Ancient : The
Theory of Progress. Professor Giddings.
F. at 2.10 and 3.10. 413 L.

The object of this course, and of Sociology 258, is to examine the
fundamental types of human society as they have appeared in history, to
follow the evolution of world-society, and to examine the theory of
progress. Attention is given chiefly to the influence of physical environ-
ments, the early migrations and the resulting distribution of the white
races, and to the social types that appeared before the rise of Grecian
civilization.

(Identical with History 213.)

Given in iqog-10 and in alternate years thereafter.

Sociology 258— Historical Types of Society. Modern: The
Theory of Progress. Professor Giddings.
F. at 2.10 and 3.10. 413 L.

The subject-matter of this course is found in the European societies
that have flourished since the rise of Grecian civilization, and particular
attention is given to the question of the extent to which they present
original features attributable to specific environmental and ethnic
influences.

(Identical with History 214.)

Given in igog-10 and in alternate years thereafter.

Sociology 259 — Ecclesiology. Dr. Bayles.
Tu. and F. at 4.10. 405 L.

The purpose of this course is to define the present relations of the eccle-
siastical institutions to the other institutions of American society : the
state, the government, marriage, family, education, and public wealth.
An analysis is made of the guarantees of religious liberty contained in
the federal and commonwealth constitutions ; of the civil status of churches
in terms of constitutional and statute law ; of the methods of incorpora-
tion, of the functions of trustees, of legislative and judicial control ; of
denominational polity according to its type ; of the functional activity of
churches in their departments of legislation, administration, adjudica-
tion, discipline, and mission ; of the influence of churches on ethical
standards ; of the distribution of nationalities among the denominations,
of the territorial distribution of denominational strength, of the relation
of polity to density of population, and of the current movements in and
between various organizations tending toward changes of functions and
structure.

Sociology 260 — Primitive Institutions in Europe. Professor
Shotwell.

Th. at 4.10 and 5.10. 208 L.

(Identical with History 220. For description see page 13.)

Sociology 311 — General Seminar. Sociological Theories:

Historical. Professor Giddings and Dr. Tenney.
M. and W. at 4.10. 422 L.

This is an investigation and lecture course, and is required of all
students making sociology a major subject for advanced degrees.
Fellows making sociology a minor subject may be admitted.

Sociology 312— General Seminar. Sociological Theory: System-
atic. Professor Giddings and Dr. Tenney.
M. and W. at 4.10. 422 L.

This is an investigation and lecture course, and is required of all
students making sociology a major subject for advanced degrees.
Fellows making sociology a minor subject may be admitted.

4°

Sociology 315-316— Modern Problems in Social Evolution. Dr.

Tenney.

Hours to be arranged.

Sociology 317— Advanced Seminar: Problems and Methods of
Sociological Research. Professor Giddings.
Tu. at 4.10 and 5.10, bi-weekly. 301 L.

Sociology 318— Advanced Seminar: Dissertations in Preparation.

Professor Giddings.

Tu. at 4.10 and 5.10, bi-weekly. 301 L.

Subject C — Social Economy

Social Economy 281 — Misery and its Causes. Professor Devine.
Tu. and Th. at 4.10. 415 L.

This course is a survey of social mal-adjustments (e.g., congestion of
population, preventable disease, child-labor, overwork, casual employ-
ment, exploitation of employees and consumers, lack of playgrounds,
obsolete educational systems, inefficiency in administration of justice) ;
the resulting privation and degeneration ; the social aspects of crime ;
the causes of poverty ; and the conditions which are unfavorable to a
normal standard of living.

Social Economy 282— Efficiency and Relief. Professor Devine.
Tu. and Th. at 4.10. 415 L.

This course is a study of the methods by which society undertakes to
relieve distress and to promote efficiency. It includes the social aspects
of philanthropy and of education. Special attention is given to construct-
ive social movements, such as those for housing and sanitary reform, and
the prevention of disease and of accidents.

Social Economy 283 — Social Legislation relating to the Work-
shop and Factory. Professor Lindsay.
Tu. and Th. at 5.10. 415 L.

A comparative study of the methods and results of recent legislation
in American States and European countries dealing with social prob-
lems relating to the place in which the wage-earner works and the
conditions under which he works. Factory legislation, including the
regulation of child-labor ; industrial insurance against sickness, inva-
lidity, old age, and unemployment ; employers' liability and workmen's
compensation acts; old-age pensions and annuities; hours of labor;
dangerous occupations ; arbitration of labor disputes.

Social Economy 284 — Social Legislation relating to the Family,
Home, and School. Professor Lindsay.
Tu. and Th. at 5.10. 415 L.

This course follows the same methods as Course 283, and treats of
marriage and divorce ; public poor relief ; truancy ; sanitation ; pure

food ; humane treatment of children ; petty finance, including pawn
brokerage, chattel mortgages, and salary loans ; and public health,
including contagious diseases, registration of tuberculosis, vaccination,
control of milk and water supply.

Social Economy 287 — Social Legislation relating to City and
Rural Community Life. Professor Lindsay.
Two hours. Hours to be arranged. 415 L.

This course will be offered either as an alternative, or in addition to
Course 284. Methods are the same as in Course 283. Topics: Parks and
playgrounds ; amusements ; liquor traffic; protection of natural resources;
scenic preservation ; town-planning and congestion.

Given in igio-11.

Social Economy 321— Seminar in Social Economy. Professors
Devine and Lindsay.
F., 8-10 P.M.

Social Economy 322 — Seminar in Social Economy. Professors
Devine and Lindsay.
F., 8-10 p.m.

COURSES IN THE SCHOOL OF PHILANTHROPY

The New York School of Philanthropy is an affiliated professional
school conducted by the Charity Organization Society, under the
direction of Professor Lindsay. It offers a one-year course in social
work, which includes supervised field and practice work and lecture
courses aggregating not less than eight hours per week in both terms of
the academic year, and a summer term of six weeks in June and July for
conferences of experienced professional workers. These courses, given
in the United Charities Building, are open to regular students of Columbia
University, and may be credited as minors for candidates for higher
degrees. The detailed program of these courses will be sent gratis upon
application to the Director of the School at 105 East 22d Street, New
York City, to whom all inquiries about the work and certificates of the
school should be made.

COURSES IN COLUMBIA COLLEGE

Economics i — Introduction to Economics. Professors Seligman and
Mussey, and Dr. Agger.

Section 1, M. and \V. at 9 in 613 Hra„ F. at 1.10, 422 L.
Section 2, M. and W. at 11 in 616 Hm., F. at 1.10, 422 L.
Section 3, M. and W. at 1.10 in 607 Hm., F. at i.io, 422 L.
Section 4, M. and W. at 1.10 in 609 Hm., F. at 1.10, 422 L.
Prerequisite : History A1-A2.

Economics 2 — Practical Economic Problems. Professors Seligman
and Mussey, and Dr. Agger.
Hours as in Economics I.
Prerequisite: History A1-A2.

4 2

COURSES IN BARNARD COLLEGE

Economics Ai — Outlines of Economics. Professor Mussey and
Dr. Agger.

Section i, M.,W.,and S. at 10. Section 2, M. and W. at 11 and S. at 10.
Sections 3 and 4, Tu., Th., and S. at 10.

Economics A2— Practical Economic Problems. Professor Mussey
and Dr. Agger.
Hours as in Ai.

Economics 104— Commerce and Commercial Policy. Professor
Mussey.

Tu. and Th. at 11.

(For description see page 32.)

Economics 107 — Fiscal and Industrial History of the United
States. Professor Seligman.
Tu. and Th. at 3.10.
(For description see page 32.)

Economics 108— Railroad Problems, Economic, Social, and Legal.

Professor Seligman.
Tu. and Th. at 3.10.
(For description see page 33.)

Economics 115 — Socialism and Social Reform. Professor Clark.

Tu. and Th. at 1.10, and a third hour to be arranged.

In this course a brief study is made of the works of St. Simon, Fourier,
Proudhon, Owen, and Lasalle, and a more extended study is made of
Marx's treatise on capital. Recent economic changes, such as the
formation of trusts and strong trade unions, are examined with a
view to ascertaining what effect they have had on the modern socialistic
movement. A study is made of modern semi-socialistic movements
and of such reforms as have for their object the improvement of the
condition of the working class. Municipal activities, factory legislation,
the single tax, recent agrarian movements and measures for the regula-
tion of monopolies are studied.

Economics 116 — Labor Problems. Professor Seager.

Tu. and Th. at t.io, and a third hour to be arranged.

Attention in this course is divided about equally between problems
connected with labor organizations — collective bargaining, strikes, arbi-
tration, etc. ; and problems whose solution involves legislation — child-
labor, dangerous trades, the sweating system, immigration, etc. Lectures
are supplemented by assigned readings, discussions, and special reports.

Sociology ii— The Industrial Family. Professor Mary K.

SlMKHOVITCH.

Tu. and Th. at 3.10.

Prerequisite or parallel : Economics A.

Topics of the first half-year are racial composition, occupations, homes,
and social life of the Industrial Family.

Sociology 12— The Industrial Family. Professor Mary K.

SlMKHOVITCH.

Tu. and Th. at 3. 10.

Topics of the second half-year are rents, dress, food, housing, educa-
tion, and recreation as related to the standard of living.

Sociology 13 — Social Progress in Cities. Professor Mary K.

SlMKHOVITCH.

Tu. and Th. at 2.10.

Course 11-12 is recommended as a parallel.

Public agencies charged with the welfare of the community will be
discussed in the first half-year.

Sociology 14 — Social Progress in Cities. Professor Mary K.

SlMKHOVITCH.

Tu. and Th. at 2.10.

Private institutions or associations working for social progress are
discussed in the second half-year.

Sociology 151 — Principles of Sociology. Professor Giddings and
Dr. Tenney.

M. and W. at 3.10. 401 and 413 L.
(For description see page 36.)

Sociology 152 — Principles of Sociology. Professor Giddings and
Dr. Tenney.

M. and W. at 3.10. 401 and 413 L.
(For description see page 36.)

COURSES IN THE SUMMER SESSION*
Economics

si — Principles of Economics. Lectures and text-book discussion.
Professor Kemmerer.

Five hours a week at 11.30. 309 Hm.

(Equivalent, when supplemented by prescribed reading, to Economics I
or Al.)

* For fuller details consult the Bulletin of Information in reference to the Summer Session.

SI03 — Money and Banking. Lectures and assigned reading. Pro-
fessor Kemmerer.

Five hours a week at 1.30. 309 Hm.

(Equivalent, when supplemented by prescribed reading, to Economics
112.)

SI05 — Labor Problems. Lectures and assigned reading, Professor
Raper.

Five hours a week at 2.30. 408 Hm.

(Equivalent, when supplemented by prescribed reading, to Economics
105 or 116.)

sio8— Railway Problems. Lectures and assigned reading. Pro-
fessor Raper.

Five hours a week at 3.30. 408 Hm.

(Equivalent, when supplemented by prescribed reading, to Economics
108.)

Sociology

sioi — Principles of Sociology, Analytical and Descriptive.

Lectures, readings, and papers. Professor Giddings.
Five hours a week at 9.30. 415 L.

S102 — Principles of Sociology, Historical. Lectures, readings, and
papers. Professor Giddings.

Five hours a week at 10.30. 415 L.

OFFICE HOURS

SPECIAL
(Sept. 20-25, 1909)

The Dean or f 10 * 2 404 L

REGULAR

The Secretary C * nd 403 L. M.W. 3.15-4. 403 L.

2—4

History

and
Political
'hilosophy

Politics
ublic Law

and
omparative
risprudence

.conomics
and
Social
Science

f Prof. Dunning

10-12, 2-4

704 Hm.

W. r . 3

710 Hm.

Prof. Robinson

10-12, 2-4

704 Hm.

Tu. Th. 9.30-

10 711 Hm.

Prof. Sloane

10—12, 2—4

704 Hm.

M. W. F. 2

704 Hm.

■{ Prof. Shepherd

10—12, 2—4

AO? L

M W 1 iz-a

AO? L.

AJ.

Prof. Shotwell

10—12, 2—4

704 Hm.

Tu. ?-a

708 Hm.

Prof. Johnson

10—12, 2—4

Tu. Th. 10-11

320 T.

Mr Httth

ata 1 . iiu 1 aa

10— 12, 2—4

70 A FT m

J\J£^. A A 111.

ivi. vv . j 4

714 Hm.

I Prnf TVTttnrof Smith

W. F. 10-12

409 L,

vv . 1 . 4 — J

409 L.

j Prof. Goodnow

10-12.30

404 L.

M. W. 3-4

404 L.

I Prof. Beard

2-4

403 L.

M. 2-4

715 Hm.

[ Prof. Scott

M. Tu. 10-12

411 L.

M. Tu. 10-11

412 L.

Prof. Seligman

2-4

409 L.

Tu. Th. F. 2-

-3 409 L.

Prof. Giddings

10, 3

408 L.

M. 2.30, F. 1.

30 408 L.

Prof. Clark

10-12, 2-4

409 L.

M. W. 1.30

204 W.

Prof. Seager

10-12, 2-4

409 L.

Tu. Th. 2-3

403 L.

Prof. SlMKHOVITCH

M.-Th. 10-12,

2-4 307 L.

M. W. 2-4

307 L.

Prof. Devine

4.10-5

201 W.

Tu. Th. 5

201 W.

| Prof. Lindsay

4.10-5

205 W.

Tu. Th. 4-5

205 W.

Prof. Mussey

10-12, 2-4

409 L.

M. 2-3

205 w.

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Columbia University

SCOPE

OPEN TO

LEADING TO

General Culture

Columbia College

Men

A.B. or B.S.

Barnard College

Women

j\.u. or £5.o.

Graduate non-profes-

Political Science

Men and

A AT

A . iM .

sional courses

Philosophy
Pure Science

Women

and Ph.D.

■n LV j -n •

.rublic and Jrnvate

ocnool 01 L3W

LL.B.

Law

V j yea's;

M.D.

Practice of Medicine

College of Physi-
cians and Surgeons
(4 years)

Men

Mining Engineering

School of Mines

Men

£/,M.

Metallurgy

(4 years)

Met.E.
Chem

c.e!

E.E.
Mech.E.
Chem.E.

Chemistry and Engi-

nee ring — C ivil,

Schools of Chemistry

Men

Sanitary, Electrical,
Mechanical, Chem-
ical

and Engineering

(4 years)

A rr\t if ppfnrf* IVTiiQir*

Schools of Architecture

B.S. or

Music and Design

Certificate

E d u cation — elemen-

Teachers College

Men and

Bachelor's

tary or secondary

(2 years)

Women

Diploma

teaching

and B.S.

Advanced courses

Teachers College

JMen 3no

!Mcistcr s

^^omen

cinci Doctor s
Diploma

Pharmacy

College of Pharmacy

Men and

Degrees and

(2 and 3 years)

Women

Diplomas

There is an annual

Summer Session

Men and
Women

Suitable aca-
demic credit
or certification

Courses are offered

Extension Teaching

Men and

Suitable aca-

both at the Univer-

Women

demic credit

sity and elsewhere

or certification

Students registered as candidates for non-professional degrees may at
the same time receive credit toward a diploma in teaching and vice versa.

Tenth Series, No. 6

^^~^b$RS&T^^ I9IO '~

Colutnma GantViersttp
Bulletin of Snfbrmatton

HISTORY
ECONOMICS AND PUBLIC LAW

COURSES OFFERED BY THE

FACULTY OF POLITICAL SCIENCE

AND THE

SEVERAL UNDERGRADUATE FACULTIES

ANNOUNCEMENT
1910 -I I

OF THE
UNIVERSITY Of ILLINOIS

Published by

Columbia (Hntoersttp
in t&e Cttp of Bern gorn

Morningside Heights
New York, N. Y.

Columbia 5Entuergttp
^Bulletin of ^nformattoa

(Issued 25 times during the Academic year, monthly in November
and December, and weekly between February and June. Entered
as second-class matter at the New York, N. Y M Post Office,
Dec. 22, 1900, under Act of July 16, 1894.)

These include:

1. The President's Annual Report to the Trustees.

2. The Catalogue of the University, issued in Decem-

ber, price 25 cents.

3. The Announcements of the several Colleges and

Schools, and of certain Diyisions, issued in the
Spring and relating to the work of the next year.
These are made as accurate as possible, but the
right is reserved to make changes in detail as
circumstances require. The current number of
any of these Announcements will be sent without
charge upon application to the Secretary of the
University. For information as to the various
courses offered by the University consult the last
page of this Announcement.

ABRIDGED ACADEMIC CALENDAR

The academic year is thirty-seven weeks in length, ending on the
second Wednesday in June. In 1910-11 the year begins on September
28, 1910, and ends on June 14, 191 1. It is divided into two half-years
of nineteen and eighteen weeks, respectively. In 1910-11 the second
half-year begins on February 8, 191 1. The Summer Session for 19 10
begins on July 6 and ends on August 17.

The exercises of the University are suspended on Election Day, Thanks-
giving Day, and the following two days, for two weeks at Christmas,
on Washington's Birthday, from the Thursday before Good Friday through
the following Monday, and on Memorial Day.

The complete Academic Calendar will be found in the University
catalogue and, so far as it refers to the students studying under any
Faculty, in the announcement of that Faculty.

OF THE
UNIVERSITY OF ILLINOIS

OFFICERS OF INSTRUCTION

FACULTY OF POLITICAL SCIENCE

NICHOLAS MURRAY BUTLER

President of the University

A.B., Columbia, 1882; A.M., 1883; Ph.D., 1884; LL.D., Syracuse, 1898; Tulane,
1901; Johns Hopkins, Princeton, Yale, and University of Pennsylvania, 1902;
Chicago, 1903; Manchester and St. Andrew's, 1905; Cambridge, 1907; Williams,
1908; Harvard and Dartmouth, 1909; Litt.D., Oxford, 1905.

A.B., Amherst, 1867; A.M., 1870; LL.D., 1884; Ph.D., Princeton, 1883; Leipzig
(Hon.), 1909.

Munroe Smith . Professor of Roman Law and Comparative Jurisprudence

A.B., Amherst, 1874; A.M., 1880; LL.B., Columbia, 1877; LL.D., 1904; J.U.D.,
Gottingen, 1880; J.D., Louvain, 1909.

Frank J. Good now Eaton Professor of Administrative Law and

Municipal Science

A.B., Amherst, 1879; A.M., 1886; LL.D., 1898; LL.B., Columbia, 1882, cum laude;
LL.D., 1904; Harvard, 1909.

Edwin R. A. Seligman McVickar Professor of Political Economy

A.B., Columbia, 1879; A.M., 1883; LL.B., 1884; Ph.D., 1884; LL.D., 1904.

William Henry Carpenter. . .Villard Professor of Germanic Philology,

John W. Burgess

Ruggles Professor of Political Science and
Constitutional Law, and Dean

and Associate Dean

A.B., Hamilton, 1881; Ph.D., Freiburg, 1881.

Herbert L. Osgood Professor of History

A.B., Amherst, 1877; A.M., 1880; LL.D., 1907; Ph.D., Columbia, 1889.

John Bassett Moore

Hamilton Fish Professor of International Law

and Diplomacy

A.B., Virginia, 1889; LL.D., Yale, 1901.

2 William A. Dunning Lieber Professor of History and Political

Philosophy

A.B., Columbia, 1881; A.M., 1883; Ph.D., 1885; LL.D., 1904.

Franklin Henry Giddings Professor of Sociology and the

History of Civilization
A.B., Union, 1877; A.M., 1889; Ph.D., 1897; LL.D., Oberlin, 1900.

i John B. Clark Professor of Political Economy

A.B., Amherst, 1872; Ph.D., 1890; LL.D., 1897; LL.D., Princeton, 1896.

Absent on leave 1910-11.
Absent on leave first half-year.

James Harvey Robinson Professor of History

A.B., Harvard, 1887; A.M., 1888; Ph.D., Freiburg, 1890.

1 William Milligan Sloane Seth Low Professor of History

A.B., Columbia, 1868; L.H.D., 1887; A.M. and Ph.D., Leipzig, 1876; LL.D., Rut-
gers, 1898; Princeton, 1903.

Henry Rogers Seager Professor of Political Economy

Ph.B., Michigan, 1890; Ph.D., Pennsylvania, 1894.

Henry L. Moore Professor of Political Economy

A.B., Randolph-Macon, 1892; Ph.D., Johns Hopkins, 1896.

William R. Shepherd Professor of History, and Secretary

A.B., Columbia, 1893; A.M., 1894; Ph.D., 1896.

James T. Shotwell Professor of History

A.B., Toronto, 1898; Ph.D., Columbia, 1903.

George W. Botsford Professor of History

A. B., Nebraska, 1884; A.M., 1889; Ph.D., Cornell, 1891.

Vladimir G. Simkhovitch . . . Associate Professor of Economic History

Ph.D., Halle-Wittenberg, 1898.

Edward Thomas Devine Schiff Professor of Social Economy

B. A., Cornell College, Iowa, 1887; M.A., 1890; LL.D., 1904; Ph.D., Pennsylvania,
1895.

Henry Johnson Professor of History in Teachers College

B.L., University of Minnesota, 1889; A.M., Columbia, 1902.

Charles A. Beard Associate Professor of Politics

A.B., De Pauw University, 1898; A.M., Columbia, 1903; Ph.D., 1904.

Samuel McCune Lindsay Professor of Social Legislation

Ph.B., University of Pennsylvania, 1889; LL.D., 1909; Ph.D., Halle, 1892.

Henry Suzzallo Professor of the Philosophy of Education

in Teachers College

A.B., Stanford, 1899; A.M., Columbia, 1902; Ph.D., 1905.

Henry R. Mussey Assistant Professor of Economics

A.B., Beloit, 1900; Ph.D., Columbia, 1905.

William D. Guthrie Professor of Law

A.M. (Hon.), Yale, 1904.

Ernst Daenell, Ph.D Kaiser Wilhelm Professor of German

History and Institutions for the year 1910-11
Professor of Modern History Jn the University of Kiel.

1 Absent on leave 1910-11.

Other Officers

Richard J. H. Gottheil Professor of Rabbinical Literature and the

Semitic Languages

A.B., Columbia, 1881; Ph.D., Leipzig, 1886.

1 A. V. Williams Jackson Professor of Indo-Iranian Languages

A.B., Columbia, 1883; A.M., 1884; L.H.D., 1885; Ph.D., 1886; LL.D., 1904.

Franz Boas Professor of Anthropology

Ph.D., Kiel, 1881; LL.L., Clark, 1909.

Livingston Farrand Professor of Anthropology

A.B., Princeton, 1888; A.M., 1891; M.D., Columbia, 1891.

John D. Prince Professor of the Semitic Languages

A.B., Columbia, 1888; Ph.D., Johns Hopkins, 1892.

Friedrich Hirth Dean Lung Professor of Chinese

A. M. and Ph.D., Rostock, 1869.

Mrs. Mary K. Simkhovitch Associate in

Social Economy in Teachers College

B. A., Boston University, 1890.

Carlton H. Hayes Assistant Professor of History

A.B., Columbia, 1904; A.M., 1905; Ph.D., 1909.

Arthur C. McGiffert, Ph.D., D.D. .Washburn Professor of Church

History in Union Theological Seminary

William Walker Rockwell, S.T.B., Lic.Th. . . .Assistant Professor of
Church History in Union Theological Seminary

Harold Harrison Tryon, B.A., M.A., B.D Instructor in New

Testament and Church History in Union Theological Seminary

Henry Peter Scratchley, M.A., B.D Acting Professor of

Ecclesiastical History in the General Theological Seminary

George J. Bayles Associate in Ecclesiology

A.B., Columbia, 1891; A.M., 1892; LL.B., 1893; Ph.D., 1895.

Alvan A. Tenney, Ph.D Instructor in Sociology

Maude A. Huttmann, A.M. .Instructor in History in Barnard College

Eugene E. Agger, Ph.D Instructor in Economics

Edward McChesney Sait, A.M Lecturer in Public Law

Charles Downer Hazen, Ph.D., Lecturer in History

Robert Livingston Schuyler, Ph.D Lecturer in History

Lilian Brandt, A.M Assistant in Social Economy

1 Absent on leave second half-year.

Students are received as candidates for the degrees of Master of Arts
and Doctor of Philosophy under the Faculty of Political Science; for the
degrees of Bachelor of Arts and Bachelor of Science either in Columbia
College or in Barnard College, and for the degree of Bachelor of Science
in Teachers College. They are also permitted to pursue special or partial
courses subject to the regulations of the Faculty under which they may
register.

Certain courses which may be counted toward the several degrees are
also offered in the Summer Session of the University.

Students enrolled in the General, the Union, the Drew, the Jewish,
St. Joseph's, or the New Brunswick, Theological Seminary, or in the
School of Philanthropy in the City of New York, who may have been
designated for the privilege by the authorities of these institutions, and
accepted by the President of Columbia University, are admitted to the
courses offered by the Faculty of Political Science free of all charge for
tuition. These institutions offer reciprocal privileges to the students
of Columbia University.

Teachers College, founded in 1888, and Barnard College, founded in
1889, have now become parts of the educational system of Columbia
University.

Admission

There are no examinations for admission to the graduate courses under
the Faculty of Political Science. Students are admitted at any time
during the year. They must, however, present themselves for registra-
tion at the opening of the first or second half-year in order to obtain full
credit for residence. They may present themselves for examination
for a degree whenever the requirements as to residence, and as to an
essay or dissertation, have been complied with. For details see the
announcement of the Faculties of Political Science, Philosophy and
Pure Science, which may be had on application to the Secretary of the
University.

Odd numbers indicate the first, even numbers the second, half of the
academic year. Courses designated 1-2, 21-22, etc., run through both
half-years. Courses numbered between 1 and 100 are, in general, ele-
mentary, and may not be offered in fulfilment of the requirements for
the higher degrees (A.M. and Ph.D.). Courses numbered from 101 to
200 are primarily for students who hold a first degree but are open to
undergraduates who have completed 64 points (for law 94 points), in-
cluding all prescribed courses except Philosophy A and two half-year

courses in Natural Science. In general no such course may be taken
without some elementary training in the same or in some allied subject.
Courses from 201 to 300 are restricted to graduate students. Seminars
are numbered from 301 up. Attention is called to the pamphlet entitled
Instruction for Candidates for the Degrees of Master of A rts and Doctor of
Philosophy, which may be had on application to the Secretary of the
University, and particularly to the fact that the requirements for the
higher degrees are based upon subjects and not upon courses. Students
who wish to offer a subject either as a major or minor should, before
registration, consult the officers of instruction concerned with regard
to their selection of courses.

For conditions of admission to Columbia College and Barnard College,
see the circular upon entrance examinations, which may be had upon
application to the Secretary of the University.

Those graduate courses which are open to undergraduates — i. e., the
courses numbered from 101 to 200 — are closed to women students unless
announced separately as open to students of Barnard College; but all
purely graduate courses in History and in Economics and Social Science
are open to women graduate students who have the first degree.

For information in regard to degrees, fees, fellowships, scholarships,
prizes, student employment, dormitories, the Academy of Political Science,
expense of living and public lectures, see the appropriate announcement
either of the Faculties of Political Science, Philosophy and Pure Science,
or of Columbia, Barnard, or Teachers College.

Abbreviations of names of buildings: B=Barnard College; E=East;
Hm=Hamilton; K=Kent; L=Library; S=Schermerhorn ; T=Teach-
ers College; U=University; W=West Hall.

Libraries

Students of the several subjects taught under the direction of the
Faculty of Political Science will find New York to be a centre of library
facilities unrivalled elsewhere in the United States. The library of
Columbia University alone contains about 435,000 bound volumes and
perhaps 100,000 items of unbound material. Upwards of 150,000 of the
works available lie within the domain of history, politics, public law,
jurisprudence, economics and social science. Most of them are stored
in a considerable number of special study-rooms open only to authorized
readers, thus affording advanced students and investigators in those
fields the fullest opportunity to carry on their work in quiet rooms in the
immediate vicinity of the literature of the subjects under consideration.

Since officers of the University have always been regarded as ex-officio
members of the library staff, they are constantly consulted in the matter
of purchases, and any book needed by advanced students can usually be
bought at once. Thus built up around the university departments, the
library has brought to Columbia a series of remarkably efficient working
collections. All of them are accurately catalogued both by authors and
by subjects on cards accessible to readers. The facilities of the library
are enhanced by the maintenance of a system of inter-university loans
through which authorities that it does not possess may be placed at the
disposal of officers and students. As a designated depository, further-
more, the library receives all the publications of the United States
Government, and has fairly complete sets of the legislative and diplo-
matic documents issued by foreign governments. It is supplied with
every journal of importance, and possesses entire sets of the great
Sitzungsberichte, Jahrbucher, etc.

Among the resources of the library bearing upon European history
are abundant stores of epigraphic material, including the Corpora and
many original inscriptions on stone, and of archeological material such
as that furnished by the magnificent Avery collection; the Rolls Series
and the Calendars of State Papers; the Parliamentary Papers; the
Publications of the Record Commission; the Monumenta Germaniae
Historica; the Documents In^dits; the great ecclesiastical collections;
many rare pamphlets relating to the French Revolution; a large amount
of Napoleana; the Warburg collection of matter covering every phase
of present conditions in Russia, and a noteworthy series of Russian public
documents, the gift of Count Witte.

For the study of American history the library possesses, not only the
colonial and other records published by the Federal Government and by
the several states, but complete sets also of the collections of all of the
state, and of many of the local, historical societies; the Force Revolu-
tionary Tracts; the reports of state constitutional conventions, and the
unique Townsend Library of national, state and individual records of
the Civil War.

In addition to the official documentation, periodical literature arid
extensive collections above noted, the library offers unusual advantages
to students of politics, public law, jurisprudence, economics and social
science in the library of Henry Livingston Thomas, late Chief Translator
of the Department of State, in that of the Holland Society of New York
with its valuable collection of works of Grotius, in that of the Reform
Club of the City of New York, of which it is the depository, and in a vast
number of general and special works dealing with those branches of
knowledge. The equipment of publications on sociological theory, the
history of the family, pauperism, crime and penology is unparalleled in
the country. In social economy, charities and philanthropy the Library
of the New York School of Philanthropy is available.

The materials thus furnished by the University Library are richly
supplemented by those in the libraries of public institutions, learned
societies and civic organizations, with which New York abounds. In
the list of such establishments may be placed the Lenox and Astor
Libraries, with their great collections of newspapers, pamphlets and
manuscripts, including at the former the Bancroft and Munoz transcripts;
the American Museum of Natural History; the Metropolitan Museum of
Art; the American Geographical Society; the American Numismatic
Society; the New York Genealogical and Biographical Society; the New
York Society; the Authors' Club; the New York Historical Society;
the Long Island Historical Society; the General Theological Seminary;
Union Theological Seminary, with its 100,000 volumes and 55,000 pam-
phlets bearing upon practically all phases of church history in Europe
and America; the Hispanic Society of America, with its unique collection
of materials relating to the history, institutions and culture of Spain,
Portugal and Latin America; the Bar Association; the Law Institute
and the Charity Organization Society. To the libraries of all of these
students have access under favorable conditions. Advanced students
also have at their disposal the library of the McVickar Professor of Political
Economy, which contains the most complete collection of works on
economics to be found in the United States.

The Academy of Political Science

Public Lectures

Publications

Under the editorial supervision of the Faculty of Political Science, 94
monographs, comprised in 35 volumes, have been published in the series
known as "Studies in History, Economics and Public Law." The firm
of Longmans, Green & Co. has charge of their publication. Students

whose doctoral dissertations are accepted for inclusion in the "Studies"
may secure certain financial advantages from the publication of their
work in this form.

The Faculty of Political Science also edits the Political Science Quarterly,
which has now reached its twenty-fifth volume.

Fellowships and Scholarships

Twelve university fellowships of the value of $650 each are awarded
annually to students under the Faculty of Political Science, Philosophy
and Pure Science. Three special fellowships also are awarded to students
under the Faculty of Political Science alone. These are the George
William Curtis Fellowship in Political Science, of an annual value equal
to the net income of an endowment of $10,000 accruing during a period
of three years, and awarded every third year for a term of two years;
the Garth Fellowship in Political Economy, of a value equal to the net
annual income of a fund of $16,250, and awarded annually; and the
Schiff Fellowship in Political Science of a value of $600 and awarded
annually. The Gottsberger Fellowship, of an annual value equal to the
net income of a fund of $9,500, and awarded every second year, is open
to graduates of Columbia College only, and is assigned to students under
the Faculty of Political Science in rotation with the Faculties of the
other non-professional schools of the University.

Twenty university scholarships of an annual value of $150 and eight
additional scholarships known as the President's University Scholarships
are awarded similarly to students under the Faculty of Political Science,
Philosophy and Pure Science. There are also four university scholar-
ships, known as the Curtis University Scholarships, having the same
value and open to women students only.

Applications must be made in writing on blanks furnished for the
purpose by the Secretary of the University, and must be filed with that
officer: for fellowships, on or before March 1; for scholarships, on or
before May 1.

Prizes

The following prizes are open to competition by students under the
Faculty of Political Science: the Bennett Prize ($40) awarded to the
student not holding a baccalaureate degree who submits the best essay
upon some subject of contemporaneous interest in the domestic or
foreign policy of the United States; the Grant Squires Prize ($200)
awarded every five years to the graduate student who conducts an
original investigation of a sociological character which may be deemed
the most meritorious; and the Toppan Prize ($150) for the best written
examination upon a paper prepared by the Professor of Constitutional
Law.

GRADUATE COURSES

The graduate courses fall under five subjects: A — Ancient and Oriental
History; B — Medieval and Church History; C — Modern European
History; D — American History; E — History of Thought and Culture.

Courses numbered 200 and above (except those included also in Group
II) are open to graduate women students upon the same terms as to men.

Subject A — Ancient and Oriental History*

History 103 — History of India and of Persia. Professor Jackson.
M. and W. at 2 . 10. 306 U.

In the fir3t part of this course particular attention will be given to the early history
and civilization of India and of Persia. The development of these countries will then be
traced with special reference to their general historical position and their present importance
in relation to the West.

(Identical with Indo-Iranian 109.)
Not given in iqio-ii.

History 104 — The Rise of Arabian Civilization and the Spread of
Mohammedanism. Professor Gottheil.
Tu. and Th. at 1 . 10. 309 U.

This course will treat of the geographical position of Arabia, its early history as recorded
upon the monuments, the Saba?ans and Himyarites, pre-Mohammedan civilization, the
life of Mohammed, the rise of Mohammedanism as a religious system and as a political
power, Arabic historiography, the early Caliphs, Ali and his followers, and the Abbasside
Caliphs.

(Identical with Semitics 120.)

History 109— The History of Western Asia and Egypt. Professor
Prince.

M. and W. at 3 . 10 . 309 U.

The ancient history of Western Asia from the earliest times until the period of Alexander
the Great, embracing an historical survey of early Babylonia, the Assyrian Empire, the
later Babylonian Empire and the Persian rule in Babylonia, as well as a briefer discussion
of the Egyptian, Phoenician and Hittite civilizations. Especial attention will be given to
the points of contact between the Assyro-Babylonian historical records and the Old Testa-
ment, and to the most important ethnological problems that a study of the ancient peoples
of Western Asia presents.

(Identical with Semitics 119.)
Given in ign-12 and in alternate years thereafter, if five students apply.

* Students whose major subject is Ancient History are advised to choose one minor
from the courses in Greek and Roman epigraphy and archeology, and in Roman topography
and numismatics, given by the Department of Classical Philology. For a description of
these courses see the Announcement of the Division of Ancient and Oriental Languages
and Literatures.

History 113-114 — History of China. Professor Hirth.
One hour a week. Hour to be arranged.

Continued from previous year and intended for all students, including such as do not
study the Chinese language. Special attention will be paid to the cultural and economical
development of China and her relations to other Asiatic nations.

History 117-118 — The Development of the Roman Empire. Professor
Botsford.
M. and W. at 3.10. 109 L.

The following are the principal topics of the course:

I. The physical and political environment that determined the national character of
Italy; the Etruscan civilization and its relation to Rome; the present status of knowledge
concerning the early growth of the city; the expansion of its hegemony over Italy; the
early cultural development of the peninsula under Hellenic influence.

II. The condition of the Mediterranean in the third and second centuries B. C, which
favored the creation of a universal empire; the conquest of Carthage and the rapid expan-
sion of Roman supremacy over the nearer East; the Spanish and Gallic wars; the provinces
and the protected states; the birth of a Graeco-Roman civilization.

III. The transformation of the aggregate of Mediterranean states under Roman
supremacy into a thoroughly organized empire — from Augustus to Marcus Aurelius; the
aims and methods of the imperial government; the administration and the social and
economic condition of the cities; the commercial and cultural unification of the empire;
the beginnings of Christianity and the pagan reformation.

The students are expected to read and to make frequent oral or written reports to the
class.

History 21 1-2 12 — Roman Civilization. Professor Olcott.
M. and W. at 5 . 10. 109 L.
(Identical with Latin 229-230.)

History 215-216 — History of Greece, Political, Social and Intellectual.

Professor Botsford.

Three hours a week. Hours to be arranged.

This course is planned for those who attend the lectures in History 3-4, and who wish
to obtain graduate credit therefor by supplementary studies of a more advanced nature
along the lines indicated by the lectures. The work is especially valuable as an intro-
duction to Greek life and literature, and as a preparation for teaching Greek history. The
instructor directs these supplementary studies through conferences with the individual
members of the course.

History 217-218 — Constitutional History of Greece. Professor Bots-
ford.
S. 9-1 1.

On the basis of Aristotle's Constitution of Athens and other sources this course first
traces the development of the Athenian constitution from the earliest times to the fourth
century B. C. Other city governments, as the Lacedaemonian and the Cretan, are treated
in comparison with the Athenian. Attention is then given to the aggregation of tribes
and cities in larger groups, including the amphictyonies and early political leagues such aa
the Boeotian, Peloponnesian and Delian, the tendencies toward national unity in the
fourth century and the federal unions of the third century B. C. As a part of the work of
the course the students are expected to prepare papers on special topics.

Not given in igio-11.

History 311-312 — Seminar in Greek and Roman History. Professor

BOTSFORD.

Two hours bi-weekly. Hours to be arranged.

Subject B — Medieval and Church History

History 121-122 — The History of the Intellectual Class in Europe
from the Greek Sophists to the French Philosophies. Professor Robinson.

Tu. and Th. at 10.00, with a third hour to be arranged. 615 K. Tu.
and Th. at 3. 10, with a third hour to be arranged. 339 B.

Women students desiring to take this course will register for the after-
noon section.

(For description see page 23.)

History 125-126 — The History of England to 1660. Professor Osgood.
Tu. and Th. at 3.10. 615 K.

The object of this course is, by means of lectures and outside reading, to give a view
of the development of the English Constitution from the fifth century to the Revolution
of 1689. The work is based chiefly upon the writings of Stubbs, Gneist, Hallam, Gardiner
and Ranke.

Given in igio-11 and in alternate years thereafter.

History 149 — Historical Geography of Europe. Professor Shepherd.
Tu. at 1 . 10 and 2 . 10. 614 K.
(For description see page 17.)

History 221 — Later Roman Empire and Early Middle Ages. Professor
Shot well.

W. at 4. 10 and 5. 10.

This course deals with the transition from ancient to medieval history; the social and
intellectual conditions in the later Roman Empire, the causes of its disintegration, the rise
of Christianity and its relation to paganism, the persecutions, the triumph of the Christian
church and the rise of the papacy. The course also includes a survey of the origins of the
barbarian kingdoms, Merovingian and Carolingian culture, the renewed invasions of the
Northmen, Saracens and Hungarians, the "dark age" and the beginnings of feudalism.
Lectures and discussions.

Given in ign-12 and in alternate years thereafter.

History 223 — Paganism and Christianity. Professor Shotwell.
M. at 4. 10 and 5. 10.

This is a research course, dealing with the non-theological aspects of the transition from
paganism to Christianity. It includes a survey of the antique popular religion, the mys-
tery cults, the attitude toward magic in the later empire, the persecutions, both pagan and
Christian, the growth of religious intolerance, the lives of the saints and the place of miracle
in Christian propaganda.

Given in ign-12 and in alternate years thereafter.

History 224 — History of European Law. Professor Munroe Smith.
M., W., and F. at 1.10. 515 K.

(Identical with Jurisprudence 266. For description see page 32.)

History 225 — The Later Middle Ages. Professor Shotwell.
M. and W. at 5.10. 615 K.

The main object of this course is to trace the general development of European civiliza-
tion from the tenth century to the beginning of modern times. It will include a survey of
the medieval church, feudalism, the beginnings of the modern national state (especially in
France), the recovery of Roman law and the work of the lawyers, the renaissance of com-
merce and the history of the towns, the increase in capital and the social disorders in
France and Germany, the question of apostolic poverty and the mendicant orders, the
papacy and the conciliar movement. Finally an effort will be made to measure the
importance of the Italian renaissance. Lectures and discussions.

Given in iqio-ii and in alternate years thereafter.

History 226 — The Protestant Revolt. Professor Robinson.
M. at 4.10 and 5.10.
(For description see page 18.)
Given in iQii-12 and in alternate years thereafter.

History 227 — Europe in the Twelfth and Thirteenth Centuries. Pro-
fessor Shotwell.
M., 8-10 P.M. 614 K.

This is a research course. It deals with the structure of the medieval churoh, the
workings of feudalism, the r61e of the towns and the rise of the national state (especially
in France). Some attention will also be paid to medieval architecture and to archeology,
but the greater part of the work will be based upon literary and documentary sources.

Given in iqio-ii and in alternate years thereafter.

History 228 — The Catholic Reformation {i. e., the so-called Counter
Reformation) and the Council of Trent. Professor Robinson.
W. at 4. 10 and 5.10.
(For description see page 18.)
Given in ign-12 and in alternate years thereafter.

History 229 — General Church History. Period I: The Ancient Church
to 590 A.D.* Professor McGiffert.
Four hours a week.
(Identical with Church History 1.)
Not given in iqio-ii.

History 230 — General Church History. Periods II and III: The
Medieval and Modern Church, 590-1789.* Professor Rockwell.
:, ^Four hours a week.

In this course the emphasis is put on the modern period; a fuller treatment of the
Medieval Church is offered in History 234.

(Identical with Church History 2.)
Not given in iqio-ii.

History 231 — History of Christian Doctrine. I: History of Thought in
the Primitive and Catholic Church.* Professor McGiffert.
Tu., W., Th. and F. at 10.

*See note, page 17.

The design of this course is to trace and explain the rise and development of the con-
trolling religious conceptions of the Primitive and Catholic Church.
(Identical with Church History 3.)

History 232— History of Christian Doctrine. H: History of Protestant
Thought.* Professor McGiffert.
Tu., W., Th. and F. at 10.

A continuation of the preceding course, which aims to do for Protestant thought what
History 231 does for the thought of the Primitive and Catholic Church.

(Identical with Church History 4.)

History 234— Medieval Church History, 590-1517.* Professor Rock-
well.

Tu. and Th. at 12.

The conversion of the Germans; the growth and decay of the papal monarchy; monas-
ticism; scholasticism; mysticism.

(Identical with Church History 6.)

History 235 — European Church History in the Nineteenth Century.*

Professor Rockwell.
W. and F. at 9.

The age of revolution; Ultramontanism and the rise of the modern Protestant situation.
(Identical with Church History 7.)

History 236 — English Church History (Reformation and Post-Refor-
mation Periods).* Professor McGiffert.
Two hours a week.

Deals particularly with the institutional history of the English Church, and also with
religious life in England, both within and without the Establishment.

(Identical with Church History 8.)
Not given in iqio-ii.

History 237 — American Church History.* Professor Rockwell.
Two hours a week.

The spread of Christianity in North America; movements of Christian life and thought;
history and characteristics of the leading denominations.

(Identical with Church History 9.)
Not given in iqio-ii.

History 238 — I-Iistory of Early Christian Literature.* Professor
McGiffert.

Two hours a week.

Deals with the literature of the first three centuries of the Christian Church.
(Identical with Church History 10.)
Not given in iqio-ii.

History 239 — History of the New Testament Canon, with reading in
the sources.* Mr. Tryon.
M. and W. at II.

(Identical with Church History 13.)

* See note on page 17.

History 240 — History of New Testament Times.* Mr. Tryon.
M. and W. at 11.

(Identical with Church History 14.)

History 241 — Readings in the Early Fathers.* Mr. Tryon.

Two hours a week.

Conferences on the reading required in History 229, from which selections will be made
for reading in the original, with critical and historical comment. Not restricted to those
taking History 229.

(Identical with Church History 15.)
Not given in iqio-ii.

History 242 — History of the Papacy.* Mr. Tryon.

Two hours a week.

Readings in the sources, with critical and historical comment. Intended to supplement
History 230, but open also to those not taking this course.

(Identical with Church History 16.)
Not given in iqio-ii.

History 243 — Christianity in the Light of its History.* Professor

McGlFFERT.

W. and F. at 2.

A study of the genius of Christianity.

(Identical with Church History 21.)

History 245 — The Church during the First Three Centuries.* Pro-
fessor SCRATCHLEY.
Two hours a week.

History 246 — The Church from the Council of Nicaea to Charlemagne.*

Professor Scratchley.
Two hours a week.

History 247 — The Church of England.* Professor Scratchley.

Two hours a week.

History 248 — The Church from Charlemagne to Modern Times,
exclusive of England.* Professor Scratchley.
Two hours a week.

History 315-316 — Historical Seminar.* Professors McGiffert and
Rockwell.
Th. at 3 and 4.

Open to a limited number of students of high standing after personal application to
Professor McGiffert.

(Identical with Church History 51-52.)

History 317-318.— Religious Thought in France in the Eighteenth
Century. Professor McGiffert.
} Tu. at 3 and 4.

*See note, page 17.

A research course open to graduates and other advanced students.
(Identical with Church History 103-104.)

History 319-320 — Historical Training Class.* Professor Rockwell.
F. at 3 and 4.

The first term is given to historical bibliography with the aim of affording practice in
finding quickly the sources and literature most valuable for Church History. The second
term is devoted to a study of the principles of historical investigation, with a consideration
of the methods and aims of leading ecclesiastical historians. Open to graduates and other
advanced students who may desirp to specialize in history.

(Identical with Church History 1 01 -102.)

History 321 — Historical Bibliography; The Sources of European
History; Methods of Historical Study. Professors Robinson, Shot-
well and Simkhovitch.

Th. at 4. 10 and 5. 10. 614 K.

This course aims to introduce the student to the various classes of sources, and will
include practical exercises in the use of bibliographical apparatus. The chief theories of
the scope and nature of historical research will also be discussed. Langlois and Seignobos'
Introduction to the Study of History will be read.

History 331 — Seminar. Critical Exercises in the Historical Writers
of the Middle Ages. Professor Daenell.
Hours to be arranged.

Students intending to join this seminar are requested to provide themselves with
Adami's " Gesta Hammaburgensis ecclesiae Pontificum," published by Hahn at Hanover,
latest edition.

Subject C — Modern European History

History 149 — Historical Geography of Europe. Professor Shepherd.
Tu. at 1. 10 and 2.10. 614 K.

An examination of physical features, routes of trade and travel, distribution of peoples
and states, changes in territorial ownership and shifting of boundaries, in their relation to
the development of Europe since the break-up of the Roman Empire. The course will
afford a practical training in the use of historical atlases and of maps in general, as aids
to the study of history.

History 150 — Historical Geography of European Expansion. Pro-
fessor Shepherd.

Tu. at 1 . 10 and 2 . 10. 614 K.
(For description see History 149.)

* These courses, given at the Union Theological Seminary, may be taken to make
up a minor subject for the degree of Master of Arts or Doctor of Philosophy . History
229 and 230 are designed to cover in outline the history of the Church from the first cen-
tury to the last decade of the eighteenth; and History 231 and 232, the history of Chris-
tian thought from the beginning to the present time. In each course the students are
required to do a certain amount of reading in the works of the Fathers and other great
leaders and ^thinkers, and also to prepare a historical essay containing the results of a
direct study of assigned sources. The other courses supplement these general courses and
aim to give a fuller knowledge of particular periods and, in the case of History 315-316,
317-318 and 319-320, to afford special training in independent historical investigation.

t These courses are given at the General Theological Seminary, and may be taken to
make up a minor subject for the degree of Master of Arts or Doctor of Philosophy .

History 151-152 — Continental European History, 1815-1910. Dr.

Hazen.

M. and Tu. at 11.00. 614 K-

The spread of democratic principles since 1815; the growth of the present political
institutions of the European nations; the achievement of national unity in Italy and
Germany; the rise of the Balkan States; the growth of colonial empires; the relations
of Europe with the far East.

History 153 — Contemporary European History since 1848. Professor
Sloane.

M., W., and F., at 1.10, with a fourth hour by arrangement.
Not given in iqio-ii.

History 155 — The Social History of England. Professor Shot well.
M. and W. at 3. 10. 615 K.

(For description see page 24.)

History 156 — The Social History of England in the Nineteenth Century.

Professor Shotwell.

M. and W. at 3. 10. 615 K.
(For description see page 24.)

History 157-158 — History of Great Britain, principally during the

Eighteenth and Nineteenth Centuries. Professor Osgood.
Tu. and Th. at 3.10.

In this course a somewhat detailed account will be given of the political development
of England during the last two centuries. Reference will also be made to the relations
with Scotland and Ireland. This part of the course will be a continuation of History
125-126. Lectures and assigned readings.

Not given in iqio-ii.

History 164 — History and Principles of Colonial Administration.

Professor Goodnow.

Tu. and Th. at 10. 509 K.
(Identical with Public Law 144.)

History 190 — The Development of the World' s Commerce from the
Sixteenth Century to the Present Time, with special reference to Germany.

Professor Daenell.
W. andF. at 11. 614 K.

History 226 — The Protestant Revolt. Professor Robinson.
M. at 4. 10 and 5. 10.

This course will consist in a critical study of the antecedents and nature of the Pro-
testant Revolt, with especial attention to the influence of the Humanists and to Luther's
role as leader of the revolt in Germany. Lectures and discussions.

Given in ign-12 and in alternate years thereafter.

History 228 — The Catholic Reformation (*. e., the so-called Counter
Reformation) and the Council of Trent. Professor Robinson.
W. at 4. 10 and 5. 10.

This is a research course open only to those -who have taken or are taking. History 226,
which it is designed to supplement. It will be a study of the changes which took place in
the medieval church, whether as a result or not of the Protestant Revolt.

Given in ign-12 and in alternate years thereafter.

History 251 — History of Diplomacy. Professor J. B. Moore.
M. and Tu. at 11. 515 K.

(Identical with Public Law 221. For description see page 30.)

History 252 — The Reforms of the French Revolution. Professor
Robinson.

M. at 4.10 and 5.10. 615 K.

Given in igio-11 and in alternate years thereafter.

History 253 — The Economic and Social Evolution of Russia since

1800. Professor Simkhovitch.
M. and F. at 10.

(Identical with Economics 241. For description see pages 37, 38.)
Not given in 1910-11.

History 254 — The Progress of the French Revolution (1789-1800),
with special attention to the sources. Professor Robinson.
W. at 4.10 and 5. 10. 615 K.

This is a research course open to those only who have taken, or are taking, History
252, which it is designed to supplement. A good knowledge of French is, of course,
required.

Given in 1910-11 and in alternate years thereafter.

History 269 — History of Spain. Professor Shepherd.
Two hours a week. Hours to be arranged.

Studies the institutions and culture of Spain, and incidentally of Portugal, with espe-
cial reference to the period between the fifteenth century and the nineteenth, so asTto
indicate the types of civilization carried by those countries to America.

History 321 — Historical Bibliography; The Sources of European
History; Methods of Historical Study. Professors Robinson, Shot-
well and Simkhovitch.

Th. at 4. 10 and 5. 10. 614 K.

(For description see page 17.)

History 356 — Seminar in the Social History of England during the
Industrial Revolution. Professor Shot well.
M. at 8. 614 K.

2 0

History 357 — The Work of Napoleon. Professor Sloane.

W. and F. at 10, first or second half-year, or both by arrangement.

This is a research course for the most advanced students only. It is open to such
selected individuals as give evidence of capacity for original research, and the ability to
read French and German fluently is indispensable to admission. The topics are chosen
by the instructor, and the student works under his direction, given in personal consulta-
tions, twice a week. The papers prepared are expected to be short monographs, thoroughly
discussing the theme on the basis of original authorities.

Not given in igio-11.

Subject D — American History

History 150 — Historical Geography of European Expansion. Professor
Shepherd.

Tu. at 1. 10 and 2. 10. 614 K.

While following the general plan of History 149 in its application to the terri-
torial history of the European colonies and dependencies in the world at large, the several
processes of discovery, exploration, conquest, occupation and cession will be considered
chiefly in their relation to America.

History 161 — The Formation of the American Constitutional System.

Professor Beard.

Tu. at 4. io and 5. io. 405 K.

(Identical with Public Law 101. For description see page 29.)

History 162 — The Development of the American Constitutional
System. Professor Beard.
Tu. at 4. 10 and 5. 10. 405 K.

(Identical with Public Law 102. For description see page 29.)

History 163 — Fiscal and Industrial History of the United States.

Professor Seligman.
Tu. and Th. at 3.10.

(Identical with Economics 107. For description see page 35.)
Given in IQH-12 and in alternate years thereafter.

History 166 — History of American Diplomacy. Professor J. B. Moore.
M. and Tu. at 11. 515 K.

(Identical with Public Lav/ 120. For description see page 30.)

History 261-262 — American Colonial History during the Seventeenth
Century. Professor Osgood.

Two hours a week. Hours to be arranged.

This is an advanced lecture and investigation course. The subjects of study will be
chiefly the corporation (or colony of the New England type) and the proprietary province,
as forms of colonial government. The early history of Virginia as a royal province will
also be considered. The beginning of efforts on the part of Great Britain to assert imperial
control over the coloniee will also be traced. This course is open only to approved candi-
dates for the A.M. and Ph.D. degrees, and to such special students as receive permission
to attend.

History 263-264 — American Colonial History during the Eighteenth

Century. Professor Osgood.
Two hours a week. Hours to be arranged.

This course begins at 1690 and ends at 1760. It is devoted to the study of the royal
province as a form of colonial government, and of the British system and policy of colonial
administration during the period of intercolonial wars. It is both a continuation of the
preceding course and an introduction to the study of the American Revolution. It is open
to the same class of students as History 261-262, and the method of instruction is the
same as in that course.

Not given in iqio-ii.

History 267-268 — The United States from 1850, with special reference
to the Civil War and Reconstruction. Professor Dunning.
M. and F. at 11.

The chief object of this course is to describe the constitutional principles that came into
play during the period from 1850 to 1884. Among the topics discussed in more or less
detail are: The principles of the appeal to arms; the nature and scope of the "war power";
the status of the negro as affected by the war; the various theories of Reconstruction; the
adoption of the last three amendments to the Constitution; the actual process of Recon-
struction; the so-called "force legislation," and the ultimate undoing of Reconstruction.
In addition to these constitutional topics, the general political and social progress of the
nation is treated.

Given in ign-12 and in alternate years thereafter.

History 271 — Spanish and French Colonization in the United States
from 1513 to 1731. Professor Shepherd.
W. at 4.10 and 5. 10.

Traces the course of settlement by the Spaniards in Florida, New Mexico and Texas,
and by the French in the region about the Great Lakes and in the Louisiana country.
The motives and methods concerned in the process will be described, and compared with
the elements involved in English colonization.

History 272 — Spanish and French Colonization in the United States
from 1731 to 1821. Professor Shepherd.
W. at 4.10 and 5.10.

A continuation of the preceding course, with especial reference to the lapse of French
dominion and the extension of Spanish power in their bearing upon the conversion of the
English colonies into the United States, and upon the subsequent relations between this
country and Spain. The Spanish and the French types of civilization will be described,
and compared with Anglo-American characteristics and institutions.

History 275 — Colonial Latin America. Professor Shepherd.
Tu. at 4.10 and 5.10. 614 K.

A study of Spanish and Portuguese dominion in America, exclusive of the continental
area of the United States. The forms of government and their operation, trade and
industry, social characteristics and the influence of the Church will be described with
particular regard to the development of colonial ideas and institutions that have left a
more or less abiding impress upon Latin America.

History 276 — The Republics of Latin America. Professor Shepherd.
Tu. at 4.10 and 5. 10. 614 K.

This course is open only to students who have taken History 275. It will
describe the stage of culture in Latin America at the close of the colonial period, as
compared with that of the United States at the beginning of its national career; the
peculiar nature of the wars of independence; the adverse circumstances under which the
republics have struggled to secure and maintain stability; their relations with Europe and
the United States, and their economic, social, political and intellectual condition at the
present time.

History 361-362 — The American Revolution. Professor Osgood.
S. at 10 and n. 614 K.

This course will be conducted as a lecture and investigation course, and will consist of
a detailed study of the sources of American history from about 1760 to the close of the
Revolution.

History 363-364 — Seminar in American Colonial History. Professor
Osgood.

One hour a week. Hour to be arranged.

History 365 — European Politics and the War of 1812. Professor
Sloane.

W. and F. at 10, first or second half-year, or both by arrangement.

Research course for the most advanced students only. It is given to selected individuals
who show capacity for original research, and is open only to those who read French and
German fluently. The topics are chosen by the instructor, and the students work under
his direction given in personal consultations twice a week. The papers prepared are
expected to be short monographs thoroughly discussing the theme on the basis of original
authorities.

Not given in iqio-ii.

History 367-368 — Seminar in later United States History. Professor
Dunning.

One hour a week. Hour to be arranged.

Given in ign-12 and in alternate years thereafter.

Subject E — History of Thought and Culture

History 119 — Ethnology: Primitive Culture. Lectures, papers and
discussions. Professor Farrand.
M. and W. at 3 . 10. 505 S.

(Identical with Sociology 153 and Anthropology 105. For description
see page 38.)

History 120 — Ethnology: Primitive Culture. Lectures, papers and
discussions. Professor Farrand.
M. and W. at 3.10. 505 S.

(Identical with Sociology 154 and Anthropology 106. For description
see page 38.)

History 121-122 — The History of the Intellectual Class in Europe
from the Greek Sophists to the French Philosophes. Professor Robinson.

Tu. and Th. at 10, with a third hour to be arranged. 615 K. Tu. and
Th. at 3.10, with a third hour to be arranged. 339 B.

Women students desiring to take this course will register for the after-
noon section.

The object of this course is to trace the changing intellectual interests and attitude of
mind of the educated class from Socrates and Plato to Voltaire and Rousseau. The general
range of Greek culture, especially as inherited by the Romans, will form a background for
an estimate of the Christian conception of man and the world as represented in Augustine's
City of God. Miracles, allegory, monasticism, the "dark age," the "Twelfth century
Renaissance," the revival of Aristotle, the universities and the general nature of the
scholastic learning, will occupy the first half-year. The second term will be devoted to
Roger Bacon and the beginnings of modern experimental science, Peter Dubois, Marsiglio
of Padua, Dante, Humanism from Petrarch to Erasmus, the invention of printing, the
intellectual aspects of the Protestant Revolt, astrology, witchcraft, Bacon's Advancement
of Learning, the genesis of the spirit of progress, the Deists and the Encyclopedists.

History 123 — The Races of Europe. Lectures, papers and discussions.
Professor Boas.

Tu. and Th. at 11. 505 S.

(Identical with Sociology 155 and Anthropology m. For description
see page 39.)

Not given in igio-11.

History 124 — The Races of Europe. Lectures, papers and discussions.
Professor Boas.

Tu. and Th. at 11. 505 S.

(Identical with Sociology 156 and Anthropology 112. For description
see page 39.)

Not given in iqio-ii.

History 127 — Ethnography of Siberia and North America. Lectures,
papers and discussions. Professor Boas.
Tu. and Th. at 11. 505 S.

(Identical with Sociology 157 and Anthropology 107. For descrip-
tion see page 39.)

History 128— Ethnography of Central and South America. Lectures,
papers and discussions. Professor Boas.
Tu. and Th. at 11. 505 S.

(Identical with Sociology 158 and Anthropology 108. (For descrip-
tion see page 39.)

History 155 — The Social History of England. Professor Shotwell.
M. and W. at 3.10. 615 K.

Thi3 course deals mainly with the history of work and of the working classes in England,
down to and including the Industrial Revolution. After a preliminary survey of the primi-
tive institutions, it will take up such phases of the social history of England as the manorial
system, serfdom, peasant revolts, the growth of national consciousness, the role of England
n the expansion of Europe and, finally, the great inventions of the eighteenth century.
This course, like History 156, to which it furnishes the introduction, is distinctly historical
and not a course in economic theory.

History 156 — The Social History of England in the Nineteenth Cen-
tury. Professor Shot well.
M. and W. at 3. 10. 615 K.

This course is practically a continuation of History 155. It carries on the history of
mechanical inventions, and attempts to measure historically their importance in the events
and movements of the nineteenth century in England. It deals mainly with the rise of
the industrial proletariat, and includes a survey of criminal law, the chartist movement,
repressive and reform legislation, and the social movements of more recent times.

History 159 — History of Socialism. Professor Simkhovitch.
Tu. and Th. at 2.10. 515 K.

(Identical with Economics 109. For description see page 35.)

History 183-184 — Moral and Political Philosophy. Professor Dewey.
M. and W. at 1.10.

A discussion of the rights and duties involved in social organization, with especial
reference to the historic evolution and present problems of justice and charity and to the
moral problems involved in the economic organization of society.

(Identical with Philosophy 131-132.)
Not given in iqio-ii.

History 21 1-2 12 — Roman Civilization. Professor Olcott.
M. and W. at 5.10. 109 L.
(Identical with Latin 229-230.)

History 213 — Historical Types of Society. Ancient: The Theory of
Progress. Professor Giddings.
F. at 2 . 10 and 3. 10.

(Identical with Sociology 257. For description see page 40.)
Given in igii-12 and in alternate years thereafter.

History 214 — Historical Types of Society. Modern: The Theory
of Progress. Professor Giddings.
F. at 2.10 and 3.10.

(Identical with Sociology 258. For description see page 40.)
Given in igii-12 and in alternate years thereafter.

History 220 — Primitive Institutions in Europe. Professor Shotwell.
Th. at 4. 10 and 5. 10.

OF THE

UNIVERSITY OF ILLINOIS

This course deals with the persistence in European institutions, customs, laws and
religions of those phenomena of primitive life which are connected directly with magio
and taboo. The field covered is mainly that of the later Roman Empire, early Chris-
tianity and the Germanic peoples. Lectures and discussions.

(Identical with Sociology 260.)
Not given in iqio-ii.

History 255 — Social Evolution: Ethnic and Civil Origins. Professor

GlDDINGS.

F. at 2.10 and 3.10. 515 K.

(Identical with Sociology 251. For description see page 40.)
Given in iqio-ii and in alternate years thereafter.

History 256 — Social Evolution: Civilization, Liberty and Democracy.

Professor Giddings.
F. at 2.10 and 3. 10. 515 K.

(Identical with Sociology 252. For description see page 40.)
Given in iqio-ii and in alternate years thereafter.

History 260 — Radicalism and Social Reform as reflected in the Liter-
ature of the Nineteenth Century. Professor Simkhovitch.
F. at 10 and 11. 405 K.

(Identical with Economics 242. For description see page 38.)

History 279 — General History of Political Theories, Ancient and
Medieval. Professor Dunning.
M. and W. at 10.

Every people known to history has possessed some form, however vague and primitive,
of political government. Every people which has attained any important degree of
enlightenment has been permeated by some ideas, more or less systematic, as to the origin,
nature and limitations of governmental authority. It is the purpose of this course to
trace historically the development of these ideas, from their earliest expression among the
Greeks to the form taken by them in the sixteenth century, A. D. The basis of the lec-
tures is Dunning's History of Political Theories (two volumes).

Not given in iqio-ii.

History 280 — General History of Modern Political Theories. Pro-
fessor Dunning.

M. and W. at 10. 615 K.

This is a continuation of the preceding course through the seventeenth, eighteenth and
nineteenth centuries. It deals in particular with the philosophical ideas about politics
and government that have been brought into prominence by the revolutionary movements
during this period.

History 281 — American Political Philosophy before 1850. Professor
Dunning.

M. and F. at 11.

study of the various documents of the revolutionary era, the Declaration of Independence,
the constitutions, national and commonwealth, and other state papers, the dominant ideas
of the people are derived from their official records. Second, the writings of the leading
statesmen like Hamilton, Jefferson, Calhoun and Webster, as well as the more systematic
and philosophical works of Lieber and others, are analyzed and subjected to critical
comment. Merriam's History of American Political Theories will be made the basis of the
course, and the method will be chiefly that of a seminar.

Not given in iqio-ii.

History 282 — American Political Philosophy since 1850. Professor
Dunning.

M. and F. at n. 615 K.

In this course, continuing the preceding, the central theme of investigation and discus-
sion is the transforming influence of the Civil War and its results on the conceptions of
nation, constitution, government, law, liberty and the other fundamental ideas of modern
political science. The method is the same as in History 281. Statesmen like Lincoln
and Sumner, and philosophers like Mulford, Brownson and Hurd, are especially examined.

History 381-382 — Seminar in Political Philosophy. Professor Dun-
ning.

One hour a week. Hour to be arranged.
Not given in iqio-ii.

COURSES IN COLUMBIA COLLEGE AND
BARNARD COLLEGE

History A1-A2 — Epochs of European History.

Three hours a week.

Columbia College:

Section 1, Tu., Th., and S. at 9. 702 Hm.
Section 2, Tu., Th., and S. at 10. 702 Hm.
Section 3, M., W., and F. at 10. 702 Hm.
Section 4, M., W., and F. at 1 . 10. 702 Hm.
Section 5, M., W., and F. at 2 . 10. 702 Hm.

Professor Hayes, Dr. Schuyler, and Mr. Sait.

Barnard College:

Section 1, Tu. and Th. at 11, and W. at 3. 10.
Section 2, Tu. and Th. at 1 . 10, and W. at 3 . 10'
Section 3, Tu. and Th. at 2 . 10, and W. at 3 . 10.
Miss Huttmann.

History 3-4 — Greece and Early Italy. Professor Botsford.
Columbia College:

M., W. and F. at 11. 707 Hm.

Barnard College:

M., W. and F. at 10. 339 B.
Given in iqio-ii and in alternate years thereafter.
Prerequisite: History A1-A2.

History 5-6 — The Roman Empire. Professor Botsford.
Given in ign-12 and in alternate years thereafter.

History 9-10 — European History, Modem and' Contemporaneous.

Columbia College:

Two lectures and three hours of laboratory work, counting as a
four-hour course. Tu. and Th. at 1 . 10. 702 Hm. Tu. or Th. 2 . 10-5.
716 Hm. Professor Hayes and Dr. Schuyler.

Barnard College:

M., W., and F. at no, and a fourth hour, for consultation, to be
arranged. 339 B. Professor Shot well.
Prerequisite: History A1-A2.

History 13 — History of the United States from 1783 to the War with
Mexico.

r Three hours.
Columbia^ College :

M., W., and F. at 2. 10. 703 Hm. Dr. Schuyler.
Barnard College:

M., W., and F. at 11. 339 B. Professor Shepherd.
Prerequisite: History A1-A2.

History 14 — History of the United States since the War with Mexico.

Three hours.
Columbia College:

M., W., and F. at 2.10. 703 Hm. Professor Dunning.
Barnard College:

M., W., and F. at 11. 339 B. Professor Shepherd.
Prerequisite: History A1-A2.

COURSES IN TEACHERS COLLEGE

History 51-52 — The Literature of American History. Lectures

readings and reports. Professor Johnson.
Tu. and Th. at 3 . 10.

Education 173-174 — Theory and Practice of Teaching History in
Secondary Schools. Lectures, discussions and practical work. Six
hours. Professor Johnson.

Class work, four hours. Tu. and Th. at 9.

Practical work, two hours. Hours must be arranged with the in-
structor before registration.

Prerequisite: Eighteen hours of college history.

Education 273-274 — Practicum. Four hours. Professor Johnson.
W. at 2. 10 and 3. 10.

The practicum offers to advanced students opportunities for the investigation of special
questions connected with the teaching of history in elementary and secondary schools and
in normal schools.

COURSES IN THE SUMMER SESSION*

sAi — Europe in the Middle Ages: the Chief Political, Economic and
Intellectual Achievements. Lectures, reading and discussion. Professor
Hayes.

Five hours a week at 9 . 30. 702 Hm.

This course is the equivalent of History Ai in Columbia College. Stu-
dents may count this course toward the A. B. and B. S. degrees, but not
in conjunction with sA2.

sA2— Modern and Contemporary European History. Lectures, read-
ing and discussion. Professor Hayes.
Five hours a week at 10.30. 702 Hm.

S13-14D — American History: Political History of the United States
from 1815 to 1889. Recitations, written tests, reports and occasional
lectures. Professor Bassett.

Five hours a week at 8 . 30. 702 Hm.

S115-116D — Roman Politics. Research course. Professor Abbott.
Five hours a week at 9 . 30. 502 Hm.
(Identical with Latin S155-156.)

si 56 — The Social History of England in the Nineteenth Century. Lec-
tures, readings and discussion. Professor Shotwell.
Five hours a week at 9 . 30. 602 Hm.

S162D — American History from 1815 to 1837. Lectures, reports,
examination of original materials and familiarity with the larger secondary
sources. Professor Bassett.

Five hours a week at 9.30. 717 Hm.

S356 — Seminar in the Social History of England during the Industrial
Revolution. Professor Shotwell.
Five hours a week at 8.30. 301 L.

* For fuller details consult the Bulletin of Information in reference to the Summer
Session.

(Srmqi 2 — ItoltttrB, fubltr Slaw attb
(Enmparatfe itmsjtrutonr?

The courses in this group are not open to women.

Subject A — Constitutional Law

Public Law ioi — The Formation of the American Constitutiona
System. Professor Beard.
Tu. at 4.10 and 5.10. 405 K.

Includes a study of the following topics: The government of the American colonies on
the eve of the Revolution; the process by which union, independence and self-government
were established; the failure of the Articles of Confederation; the formation of the Federal
Constitution; the fundamental principles of the system of government inaugurated in
1789; and the place of the State in that system.

(Identical with History 161.)

Public Law 102 — The Development of the American Constitutional
System. Professor Beard.
Tu. at 4.10 and 5.10. 405 K.

Embraces a study of the historical development of the federal system of government
through legislation, judicial decisions and political practice. The leading decisions of the
Supreme Court on great constitutional questions will be discussed in their proper historical
relation, and the influence of extra-legal party practices in the actual conduct of govern-
ment will be considered. The tendencies in the evolution of State constitutions will be
treated as a part of the evolution of the American constitutional system.

(Identical with History 162.)

Public Law 103-104 — Comparative Politics and Government. Pro-
fessor Beard.

M. and W. at 10. 405 K.

Comprehending a study of the nature and origin of the state and government, and a
comparison of the system of government prevailing in England, France, Germany and the
United States, and the generalization of the fundamental principles of public law common
to them all. The administrative organization and the relations of the central institutions
to the political subdivisions of the respective countries will also be treated.

Public Law 105 — Party Government in the United States. Pro-
fessor Beard.

M. and W. at 11. 405 K.

The relation of political parties to the framework of government; the character of
party antagonisms in the United States historically considered; the origin and develop-
ment of party organization and machinery; the national convention and campaign; state,
local and municipal party organization; sources of strength in party machinery; ballot
reform, primary legislation and corrupt practices acts.

Public Law 106 — American State Government. Professor Beard.
M. and W. at n. 405 K.

Special attention will be devoted to the government of New York State with reference
to tendencies and practices of other states. The principal topics will be the organization
of the central government of the state and system of control over local and municipal
institutions; problems of administrative control over state departments; questions of
legislative organization and procedure; recent tendencies in legislative methods; character
of recent legislative activities; lobbies; reference bureaus; and bill drafting.

Public Law 202 — Introduction to Constitutional Law. Professor
Guthrie.

M. at 9. 405 K.

A consideration of the leading principles of constitutional interpretation as developed
in English and American decisions.

Public Law 203-204 — The Constitutional Law of the United States.

Professor Goodnow.

M. and W. at 2.10. 411 K.

Chiefly discussion of cases. McClain, Cases on Constitutional Law.

Public Law 301-302 — Seminar in Constitutional and Administrative
Law. Professors Goodnow and Beard.
M. at 1 . 10. 509 K.

Intended for students who are writing their theses in constitutional or administrative
law. A number of questions relating to American and European law and practice will be
considered in the seminar, and the research work of each student will be conducted under
the personal supervision of the instructors.

Subject B — International Law

Public Law 120 — History of American Diplomacy. Professor J. B.
Moore.

M. and Tu. at II. 515 K.

In the study of American diplomacy special attention will be given to the history and
methods of the diplomacy of the United States. The course will comprehend: (1) The
diplomacy of the Revolution; (2) the period from the Treaty of Peace of 1783 to the termi-
nation of the War of 1812; (3) from the termination of that war to the Civil War: (4)
from the outbreak of that war to the present time.

(Identical with History 166.)

Public Law 221 — History of Diplomacy. Professor J. B. Moore.
M. and Tu. at 11. 515 K.

The object of this course is to exhibit the evolution of the relations between independent
states and the manner in which those relations are conducted. The history of the diplo-
matic system of Europe is traced from its beginnings to the present time, and an exposition
is given of the religious, dynastic, territorial and commercial struggles of which that system
is the result. The first part of the course relates to the development of the European
concert prior to the Peace of Westphalia. This is followed by an examination of the roost
important of the general European treaties, beginning with those concluded at the Congress
of Westphalia, and ending with those of recent date.

(Identical with History 251.)

Public Law 223-224. International Law. Professor J. B. Moore.
M. and Tu. at 3. 10. 411 K.

This course treats of the general principles of international law, as it has been developed
by positive agreement, in the form of treaties and conventions, and by common usage as
shown in legislation, in the decisions of international tribunals and of municipal courts,
and in the conduct of nations. The rules thus discovered are discussed in the light of the
principles of reason and justice, as scientifically presented by writers on international law,
and an effort is made to trace the systematic establishment of the rules which govern
intercourse among nations at the present day.

Public Law 321-322 — Seminar in International Law. Professor
J. B. Moore.

Two hours a week. Hours to be arranged.

Subject C — Administrative Law

Public Law 143 — Municipal Science and Administration. Professor
Goodnow.

Tu. and Th. at 10. 405 K.

This course deals with municipal activities in the United States and the more important
foreign countries. The principal subjects treated are: The origin and evolution of the
oity; the position of the city in the state government; the control of the state over the
city; municipal elections; municipal organization.

Public Law 144 — History and Principles of Colonial Administration.

Professor Goodnow.

Tu. and Th. at 10. 509 K.
(Identical with History 164.)

Public Law 146 — Municipal Functions. Professor Beard.

Organization and management of the ordinary departments of modern cities; method;
of approaching transit, housing and land questions; public ownership and operation;
recent municipal progress in meliorating the conditions of city life; city planning; direct
employment and contract systems; problems of administrative and public control over
the management of public business.

Not given in iqio-ii.

Public Law 241 — Law of Officers (Extraordinary Legal Remedies).

Professor Goodnow.

Tu. and Th. at 9. 405 K.

The purpose of this course is to present the general principles of the law of public officers,
in particular those relating to their appointment or election, their powers and duties, their
rights, removal from office; the control over their action possessed by the higher admin-
istrative officers, the courts and the legislature. Special attention will here be paid to the
writs of mandamus, quo warranto, certiorari, habeas corpus and prohibition, and their
statutory substitutes, by means of which the courts exercise their control over the admin-
istration. Chiefly discussion of cases.

Public Law 246 — The Law of Municipal Corporations. Professor
Goodnow.

Tu. and Th. at 9. 405 K.

Chiefly discussion of cases. Abbott, Cases on Public Corporations, and Smith, Cases
on Municipal Corporations.

Public Law 248 — The Law of Taxation. Professor Goodnow.
Tu. and Th. at 9.

Chiefly discussion of cases. Goodnow, Cases on Taxation.

Not given in iqio-ii.

Public Law 341-342 — Seminar in Constitutional and Administrative

Law. Professors Goodnow and Beard.
M. at 1 . 10. 509 K.

(Identical with Public Law 301-302. For description see page 30.)
Subject D — Roman Law and Comparative Jurisprudence

Jurisprudence 161 — Elements of Law. Professor Munroe Smith.
M., W., and F. at 10. 401 K.

This course gives a general view of the origin and development of the law and of rights,
remedial and substantive; a description of the sources of the law in force in the United
States; and a systematic outline of the principal branches of the law. Lectures and
assigned reading.

Jurisprudence 263 — Roman Law. Professor Munroe Smith.
M., W. f and F. at 1 . 10. 515 K.

Jurisprudence 266 — History of European Law. Professor Munroe
Smith.

M. f W., and F. at 1 . 10. 515 K.

This course treats (1) of early German law, including a comparison of Anglo-Saxon and
Continental German customs; (2) of the development of law in the Visigothic and
Frankish Empires; (3) of feudal law; (4) of canon law; (5) of the law merchant; (6) of
the "reception" of the Roman law; and (7) of the genesis and character of the modern
civil codes.

(Identical with History 224.)

Jurisprudence 268 — Modern Civil Law of Western Europe. Pro-
fessor Munroe Smith.

M., W., and F. at 3. 10. 509 K.

This course is devoted to the discussion of special topics in the private law of France,
Italy, Spain and Germany. It is open only to students who have taken Course 263, or
who have done equivalent work.

Jurisprudence 269-270 — Conflict of Laws. Professor J. B. Moore.
M. at 4. 10. 405 K.

Within the limits of the subject, a comparison is made of theories and practice in different
jurisdictions, both in civil matters and in criminal; and attention is given to the special
aspects of interstate law in the United States.

Jurisprudence 361-362 — Seminar in Legal History. Professor Mun-
roe Smith.

Hours to be arranged.

Seminar for candidates for the Master's degree. The work consists in reading selected
titles of the Corpus Iuris Civilis, of medieval law-books and of modern codes upon some
special topic. Papers are presented by the members of the seminar, usually based upon a
comparison of Roman and English law.

Jurisprudence 363-364 — Seminar in Comparative Jurisprudence.

Professor Munroe Smith.
Hours to be arranged.

Advanced seminar for candidates for the Doctor's degree.

COURSES IN COLUMBIA COLLEGE

Politics 1-2. Professor Beard.
M. f W., and F. at 9. 617 Hm.

As a part of their regular work, the students are advised, and will be expeoted, to attend
the public lectures given on the Blumenthal foundation.

(group 3— Ermtnmira unh hartal §>t\mtt

GRADUATE COURSES

It is presumed that students who take economics, sociology or social
economy as their major subject are familiar with the general principles
of economics and sociology as set forth in the ordinary manuals. Stu-
dents who are not thus prepared are recommended to take the courses in
Columbia College or Barnard College designated as Economics i and 2
(or Ai and A2) and Sociology 151-152.

The graduate courses fall under three subjects: A — Political Econ-
omy and Finance; B — Sociology and Statistics; C — Social Economy.

Courses numbered 200 and above are open to graduate women students
upon the same terms as to men. For a description of other courses open
to women see Courses in Barnard College, page 45.

Subject A — Political Economy and Finance

Economics ioi — Science of Finance. Professor Seligman.
Tu. and Th. at 1 . 10. 515 K.

This course is historical, as well as comparative and critical. After giving a genera
introduction and tracing the history of the science of finance, it describes and analyzes
the different kinds of public revenues, including the public domain and public property,
public works and industrial undertakings, fees and special assessments. It then takes up
the discussion of the general theories and principles of taxation, devoting especial attention
to the problem of the incidence of taxation and to the newer social theories of taxation.

Economics 102 — Science of Finance. Professor Seligman.
Tu. and Th. at 1 . 10. 515 K.

This course seeks to apply general principles to a consideration of actual systems of
taxation. Special attention is paid to the practical American problems of federal, state
and local taxation, and their interrelations. The course then treats of the various classes
of public expenditure and the fiscal principles which govern them. It considers also pub-
lic debt, methods of borrowing, redemption, refunding, repudiation, etc, Finally, it
describes the fiscal organization of the state by which the revenue is collected and
expended, and discusses the budget, national, state and local,

Economics 104 — Commerce and Commercial Policy. Professor Mus-
sey.

Tu. and Th. at 11. 405 K.

This course is a consideration of the relation of commerce to economic prosperity and
social well-being. It begins with a short sketch of the growth of commerce and an outline
of the leading historical types of commercial policy. It takes up the conditions and
consequences of modern commerce, analyzing the foreign trade of the principal countries,
especially the United States, in relation to natural resources, increase of population,
changes in industrial methods and organization, and distribution of wealth. The causea
and effects of modern commercial policies are examined, and an attempt is made to point
out the economic and social conditions that are of chief importance for the determination
of trade policy in the United States at present.

Economics 105 — The Labor Problem. Professor Seager.
Tu. and Th. at 11. 405 K.

The topics considered in this course are: The rise of the factory system, factory legis-
lation, the growth of trade unions and changes in the law in respect to them, the policies
of trade unions, strikes, lockouts, arbitration and conciliation, proposed solutions of the
labor problem, and the future of labor in the United States.

Economics 106 — The Trust and Corporation Problem. Professor
Seager.
Tu. and Th. at 10. 405 K.

In this course special attention is given to the trust problem as it presents itself in the
United States. Among the topics considered are the rise and progress of industrial com-
binations, the forms of organization and policies of typical combinations, the common law
and the trusts, anti-trust acts and their results, and other proposed solutions of the problem.
Given in igio-11 and in alternate years thereafter.

Economics 107 — Fiscal and Industrial History of the United States.

Professor Seligman.
Tu. and Th. at 3.10.

This course endeavors to present a survey of national legislation on currency, finance
and taxation, including the tariff, together with its relations to the state of industry and
commerce. The chief topics discussed are: The fiscal and industrial conditions of the
colonies; the financial methods of the Revolution and the Confederation; the genesis of
the protective idea; the policies of the Federalists and of the Republicans; the War of
1812; the crises of 1819, 1825, and 1837; the tariffs of 1816, 1824, and 1828; the distribu-
tion of the surplus and the Bank war; the currency problems before 1863; the era of "free
trade"; the fiscal problems of the Civil War; the methods of resumption; the new indus-
trial problems; the currency acts of 1878, 1890, and 1900; the loans of 1894-96; the
tariffs of 1890, 1894. and 1897; Spanish War financiering; the crisis of 1907; the tariff
of 1909. The course closes with a discussion of the present fiscal and industrial situation.

(Identical with History 163.)
Given in ign-12 and in alternate years thereafter.

Economics 108 — Railroad Problems; Economic, Social and Legal.

Professor Seligman.
Tu. and Th. at 3. 10.

These lectures treat of railroads in the fourfold aspect of their relation to the investors,
the employees, the public and the state respectively. A history of railways and railway
policy in America and Europe forms the preliminary part of the course. The chief prob-
lems of railway management, so far as they are of economic importance, come up for
discussion. Among the subjects treated are: Financial methods, railway constructions,
speculation, profits, failures, accounts and reports, expenses, tariffs, principles of rates,
classification and discrimination, competition and pooling, accidents and employers'
liability. Especial attention is paid to the methods of regulation and legislation in the
United States as compared with European methods, and the course oloses with a general
discussion of state versus private management.

Given in ign-12 and in alternate years thereafter.

Economics 109 — History of Socialism. Professor Simkhovitch.
Tu. and Th. at 2 . 10. 515 K.

The course gives an outline of the social movement during the nineteenth century, and
a brief review of the doctrines of the leading French, English and German exponents of
socialism, such as Babeuf, St. Simon, Fourier, Cabet, Proudhon, Louis Blanc, Robert

Owen, Thompson, the English Christian Socialists, the German "philosophical" socialists,
Lasalle and Rodbertus. Special attention is given to the Marxian theories, as well as to
the revolt against Marxism — the revisionist movement.
(Identical with History 159.)

Economics iio — Theories of Social Reform. Professor Clark.
Tu. and Th. at 2.10.

This course treats of certain plans for the partial reconstruction of industrial society
which have been advocated in the United States, and endeavors to determine what reforms
are in harmony with economic principles. It treats of the proposed single tax, of the
measures advocated by the Grangers' and the Farmers' Alliance, and of those proposed
by labor organizations, of the method of dealing with monopolies, and of the general
relation of the state to industry.
Not given in iqio-ii.

Economics 112 — Money and Banking. Professor Seager.
Tu. and Th. at 10.

The purpose of this course is to supply the historical and theoretical basis necessary to
a wise solution of the monetary and banking problems that are of special interest to the
people of the United States.

Given in ign-12 and in alternate years thereafter.

Economics 180 — The Development of the World's Commerce from the
Sixteenth Century to the Present Time, with special reference to Germany.

Professor Daenell.
W. and F. at 11. 614 K.
(Identical with History 190.)

Economics 201 — Economic Readings: Classical English Economists.

Professor Seager.

F. at 9 and 10. 405 K.

In this course the principal theories of the English economists from Adam Smith to
John Stuart Mill are studied by means of lectures, assigned readings and reports, and
discussions. Special attention is given to the Wealth of Nations, Malthus's Essay on
Population, the bullion controversy of 1810, the corn law controversy of 1815, and the
treatises on Political Economy of Ricardo, Senior and John Stuart Mill.

Economics 203 — History of Economics to Adam Smith. Professor
Seligman.
Tu. andTh. at 3.10. 515 K.

In this course the various systems of political economy are discussed in their historical
development. The chief exponents of the different schools are taken up in their order,
and especial attention is directed to the wider aspects of the connection between the theories
and the organization of the existing industrial society. The writers discussed are divided
as follows: (1) Antiquity; (2) the Middle Ages; (3) the Mercantilists; (4) the Physio-
crats; (5) the English Precursors of Adam Smith.

Given in igio-11 and in alternate years thereafter.

Economics 204 — History of Economics since Adam Smith. Professor
Seligman.

Tu. and Th. at 3.10. 515 K.

The chief writers discussed in this course are: (1) The English Classical School; (2)
the Early British Socialists; (3) the Continental Development to 1870; (4) the Early
American Writers; (5) the German Historical School; (6) the Socialists; (7) the Austrian
School; (8) the Leading Contemporary Economists.

Given in iqio-ii and in alternate years thereafter.

Economics 205 — Economic Theory I. Professor Clark.
M. and W. at 2. 10.

This course discusses, first, the static laws of distribution. If the processes of industry
were not changing, wages and industry would tend to adjust themselves according to
certain standards. A study of the mechanism of production would then show that one
part of the product is specifically attributed to labor, and that another part is imput-
able to capital. It is the object of the course to show that the tendency of free competi-
tion, under such conditions, is to give to labor, in the form of wages, the amount that
it specifically creates, and also to give to capital, in the form of interest, what it specifically
produces. The theory undertakes to prove that the earnings of labor and of capital are
governed by a principle of final productivity, and that this principle must be studied on a
social scale, rather than in any one department of production. The latter part of this
course enters the field of Economic Dynamics, defines an economic society and describes
the forces which so act upon it as to change its structure and its mode of producing and
distributing wealth.

Not given in iqio-ii.

Economics 206 — Economic Theory II. Professor Clark.
M. and W. at 2 . 10.

This course continues the discussion of the dynamic laws of distribution. The processes
of industry are actually progressing. Mechanical invention, emigration and other influ-
ences cause capital and labor to be applied in new ways and with enlarging results. These
influences do not even repress the action of the static forces of distribution, but they bring
a new set of forces into action. They create, first, employers' profits, and, later, additions
to wages and interest. It is the object of the course to show how industrial progress affects
the several shares in distribution under a system of competition, and how progress itself is
caused, and also to determine whether the consolidations of labor and capital, which are
a distinctive feature of modern industry, necessarily have the effect of repressing compe-
tition and checking progress.

It is a further purpose of the course to present the natural laws by which the increase
of capital and that of labor are governed, and to discuss the manner in which the earnings
of these agents are affected by the action of the state, and to present at some length the
character and the effects of those obstructions which pure economic law encounters in the
practical world.

Not given in iqio-ii.

Economics 207 — Theory of Statistics. Professor H. L. Moore.
S. at 9, 10, and 11. 405 K.

The aim of this course is to present the elementary principles of statistics and to illus-
trate their application by concrete studies in the most important sources of statistical
material. The theoretical part of the course includes the study of averages, index-num-
bers, interpolation and the principles of the graphic method. Toward the end of the term
a review is given of the statistical processes employed in mathematical economics and of
the chief empirical results that have already been established.

Laboratory exercises are required of all students attending the course.

(Identical with Sociology 255.)

Economics 210 — Social Statistics. Professor H. L. Moore.
S. at 9, 10, and 11. 405 K.

(Identical with Sociology 256. For description see page 40.)

Economics 241 — The Economic and Social Evolution of Russia since
1800. Professor Simkhovitch.
M. and F. at 10.

This course describes the economic development of the country, the growth of Slavophil,
liberal and revolutionary doctrines and parties, and the disintegration of the autocratic

regime.

(Identical with History 253.)
Not given in igio-11.

Economics 242 — Radicalism and Social Reform as reflected in the
Literature of the Nineteenth Century. Professor Simkhovitch.
F. at 10 and 11. 405 K.

An interpretation of the various types of modern radicalism, such as socialism, nihilism
and anarchism, and of the social and economic conditions on which they are based.

(Identical with History 260.)

Economics 301 — Seminar in Political Economy and Finance. Pro-
fessors Seligman and Seager.

For advanced students. Tu., 8. 15-10. 15 p.m. 508 K.

Economics 302 — Seminar in Political Economy and Finance. Pro-
fessors Seligman and Seager.

For advanced students. Tu., 8. 15-10. 15 p.m. 508 K.

Subject B — Sociology and Statistics

Sociology 151 — Principles of Sociology, Analytical and Descriptive.

Professor Giddings and Dr. Tenney.
M. and W. at 3.10. 515 K.

This is a fundamental course, intended to lay a foundation for advanced work. In
connection with a text-book study of theory, lectures are given on the presuppositions
and the methods of the scientific study of society, and students are required to analyze and
to classify sociological material of live interest, obtained from newspapers, reviews and
official reports.

Sociology 152 — Principles of Sociology, Historical. Professor Gid-
dings and Dr. Tenney.

M. and W. at 3.10. 415 K.

In this course the main outlines of historical sociology are so presented as to constitute
an introduction to the study of social evolution and to the theory of progress. The begin-
nings of social relations in animal bands are indicated, and the successive stages of anthro-
pogenic, ethnogenic, and demogenic association are reviewed. This course is the proper
preparation for Sociology 251, 252, 257, and 258.

Sociology 153 — Ethnology: Primitive Culture. Lectures, papers and
discussions. Professor Farrand.
M. and W. at 3. 10. 505 S.

This course consists of a detailed treatment of the questions involved in primitive
culture, such as the origin and development of mythology, morality, and religion, education,
art, social customs, etc. Students are expected to have taken Anthropology 1-2 or
101-102, or to give satisfactory evidence of previous work before being admitted to this
course.

(Identical with Anthropology 105.)

Sociology 154 — Ethnology: Primitive Culture. Lectures, papers and
discussions. Professor Farrand.
M. and W. at 3. 10. 505 S.

A continuation of the preceding course, and admission to it is subject to the same
conditions.

(Identical with Anthropology 106.)

Sociology 155 — The Races of Europe. Lectures, papers and dis-
cussions. Professor Boas.
Tu. and Th. at 11. 505 S.

In this course the distribution of types of man in Europe and the history of their devel-
opment into the modern nations are traced. The important relations of the history of
civilization in Europe to the civilization in Asia and in Africa are discussed, and the traits
of European civilization due to the psychologic unity of mankind are considered.

(Identical with Anthropology 111.)
Not given in iqio-ii.

Sociology 156 — The Races of Europe. Lectures, papers and dis-
cussions. Professor Boas.
Tu. and Th. at 11. 505 S.
A continuation of the preceding course.
(Identical with Anthropology 112.)
Not given in iqio-ii.

Sociology 157 — Ethnography of Siberia and North America. Lectures,
papers and discussions. Professor Boas.
Tu. and Th. at 11. 505 S.

In this course a somewhat detailed ethnographical description is given, with especial
reference to the development of types of culture as a result of the historical contact of
tribes of various geographical areas, and to the characterization of culture under different
types of geographical environment.

(Identical with Anthropology 107.)

Sociology 158 — Ethnography of Central and South America. Lectures,
papers and discussions. Professor Boas.
Tu. and Th. at 11. 505 S.

In this course the advanced types of culture found in Central America and South
America are discussed, and their relation to the less advanced cultural types of North
America and South America is indicated.

(Identical with Anthropology 108.)

4 o

Sociology 251 — Social Evolution: Ethnic and Civil Origins. Pro-
fessor GlDDINGS.
F. at 2.10 and 3.10. 515 K.

This course in historical sociology deals with such topics as: (1) The early distribution
and ethnic composition of western European populations; (2) the original types of mind
and of character, the capacity for co-operation, the cultural beliefs and the economic, legal
and political habits of western European peoples; (3) early forms of the family, the origins,
structure and functions of the clan, the organization of the tribe, the rise of tribal federa-
tions, tribal feudalism, and the conversion of a gentile into a civil plan of social organization
in western Europe. Early literature, legal codes and chronicles, descriptive of the Celtio
and Teutonic groups which combined to form the English people before the Norman
Conquest, are the chief sources made use of in this course.

(Identical with History 255.)
Given in igio-11 and in alternate years thereafter.

Sociology 252 — Social Evolution: Civilization, Liberty and Democracy.

Professor Giddings.

F. at 2. 10 and 3. 10. 515 K.

This course comprises three parts, namely: (1) An examination of the nature of those
secondary civilizations which are created by conquest, and of the policies by which they
seek to maintain and to extend themselves; (2) a study of the growth and of the policies
of liberty, including measures for the expansion of intellectual freedom, for the control of
arbitrary authority by legality, for the repression of collective violence, and for the control
of collective impulse by deliberation; (3) a study of the nature, the genesis, and the social
organization of modern democracies, including an examination of the extent to which
non-political associations are more or less democratic; and of the democratic ideals of
equality and fraternity in their relations to social order and to liberty. The documents of
English history since the Norman Conquest are the chief sources made use of in this course,

(Identical with History 256.)
Given in iqio-ii and in alternate years thereafter.

Sociology 255 — Theory of Statistics. Professor H. L. Moore.
S. at 9, 10 and II. 515 K.

(Identical with Economics 207. For description see page 37.)

Sociology 256 — Social Statistics. Professor H. L. Moore.
S. at 9, 10 and 11. 515 K.

This course, which presupposes a knowledge of statistical processes (Sociology 255),
begins with a detailed study of the methods and generalizations of vital statistics, and leads
to an examination of recent theories of population in the light of the data afforded by
official publications. Toward the end of the term a review is given of the statistical
methods employed in anthropometry and in eugenics, and of the chief empirical results
that have already been established.

Laboratory exercises are required of all students attending the course.

(Identical with Economics 210.)

Sociology 257 — Historical Types of Society. Ancient: The Theory
of Progress. Professor Giddings.
F. at 2. 10 and 3. 10.

physical environments, the early migrations and the resulting distribution ol tne white
races, and to the social types that appeared betore the nee 01 Grecian civilization.
(Identical with History 213.)
Given in ign-12 and in alternate years thereafter.

Sociology 258— Historical Types of Society. Modern: The Theory
of Progress. Professor Giddings.
F. at 2. 10 and 3. 10.

The subject-matter of this course is found in the European societies that have flourished
since the rise of Grecian civilization, and particular attention is given to the question of
the extent to which they present original features attributable to specific environmental
and ethnic influences.

(Identical with History 214.)
Given in ign-12 and in alternate years thereafter.

Sociology 259 — Ecclesiology. Dr. Bayles.
Tu. and F. at 4. 10. 502 K.

The purpose of this course is to define the present relations of the ecclesiastical institu-
tions to the other institutions of American society: the state, the government, marriage,
family, education and public wealth. An analysis is made of the guarantees of religious
liberty contained in the federal and commonwealth constitutions; of the civil status of
churches in terms of constitutional and statute law; of the methods of incorporation, of
the functions of trustees, of legislative and judicial control; of denominational polity
according to its type; of the functional activity of churches in their departments of legis-
lation, administration, adjudication, discipline and mission; of the influence of churches
on ethical standards; of the distribution of nationalities among the denominations, of
the territorial distribution of denominational strength, of the relation of polity to
density of population, and of the current movements in and between various organiza-
tions tending toward changes of functions and structure.

Sociology 260 — Primitive Institutions in Europe. Professor Shot-
well.

Th. at 4. 10 and 5. 10.

(Identical with History 220. For description see page 25.)
Not given in iqio-ii.

Sociology 311 — General Seminar. Sociological Theories: Historical.

Professor Giddings and Dr. Tenney.
M. and W. at 4. 10. 503 K.

This is an investigation and lecture course, and is required of all students making
sociology a major subject for advanced degrees. Fellows making sociology a minor subject
may be admitted.

Sociology 312 — General Seminar. Sociological Theory: Systematic.

Professor Giddings and Dr. Tenney.
M. and W. at 4. 10. 503 K.

This is an investigation and lecture course, and is required of all students making
sociology a major subject for advanced degrees. Fellows making sociology a minor subject
may be admitted.

Sociology 315-316 — Modern Problems in Social Evolution. Dr.

Tenney.

Hours to be arranged.

Sociology 317 — Advanced Seminar: Problems and Methods of
Sociological Research. Professor Giddings.
Tu. at 4.10 and 5.10, bi-weekly. 503 K.

Sociology 318 — Advanced Seminar: Dissertations in Preparation.

Professor Giddings.
Tu. at 4.10 and 5.10, bi-weekly. 503 K.

Sociology 319 — The Relation of Social Theory to Public Policy. Pro-
fessor Giddings.

M. and W. at 3.10. 405 K.

This is an instruction and research course, conducted by seminar methods. Only
students who have completed Sociology 311-312, or a full equivalent of graduate work in
sociology elsewhere, and who are prepared to use elementary statistical methods are
admitted.

Sociology 320 — The Relation of Social Theory to Public Policy. Pro-
fessor Giddings.

M. and W. at 3 . 10. 405 K.

This is a continuation of Sociology 319, and has the same character and conditions.

Subject C — Social Economy

Social Economy 281 — Misery and Its Causes. Professor Devine.
Tu. and Th. at 4.10.

This course is a survey of social mal-adjustments (e.g., congestion of population, pre-
ventable disease, child-labor, overwork, casual employment, exploitation of employees
and consumers, lack of playgrounds, obsolete educational systems, inefficiency in admin-
istration of justice); the resulting privation and degeneration; the social aspects of crime;
the causes of poverty; and the conditions which are unfavorable to a normal standard of
living.

Not given in iqio-ii.

Social Economy 282 — Efficiency and Relief. Professor Devine.
Tu. and Th. at 4.10.

This course is a study of the methods by which society undertakes to relieve distress
and to promote efficiency. It includes the social aspects of philanthropy and of education.
Special attention is given to constructive social movements, such as those for housing
and sanitary reform, and the prevention of disease and of accidents.

Not given in iqio-ii.

Social Economy 285 — The Standard of Living. Professor Devine.
Tu. and Th. at 4. 10. 615 K.

A study of the essentials of a normal standard of living and of the cost of supplying
them in particular communities: Rentals, Food, Clothing, Recreation, Education and
Insurance. Methods of raising the standard. Abnormal deviations and relief.

Given in iqio-ii and in alternate years thereafter.

Social Economy 286 — Social Aspects of Crime and Abnormality.

Professor Devine.
Tu. and Th. at 4. 10. 615 K.

This course is a continuation of that on the Standard of Living, dealing with the more
extreme deviations found in criminal and anti-social classes. Special attention is given
to the preventive features of a rational penal and police system, such as juvenile courts,
probation, indeterminate sentence, segregation of incorrigibles, education and reformation,
and to the lessening of crime through the improvement of social conditions and the strength-
ening of individual character by education and improved environment.

Given in iqio-ii and in alternate years thereafter.

Social Economy 283 — Social Legislation: (I) Workshop and Factory.

Professor Lindsay.
Tu. and Th. at 5.10.

A comparative study of methods and results of recent legislation in American states
and some European countries, dealing with social problems of the wage-earner relating to
the place where and conditions under which he works. Topics considered are: Factory
legislation, factory inspection, child labor, dangerous occupations, industrial accidents,
employers' liability, workmen's compensation, industrial insurance, old-age pensions,
regulation of wages and hours of labor, arbitration of labor disputes.
Given in ign-12.

Social Economy 284 — Social Legislation: (II) Family, Home and
School. Professor Lindsay.
Tu. and Th. at 5.10.

A comparative study of methods and results of recent legislation in American states and
some European countries, dealing with social problems of the home and standards of
living. Topics considered are: Public poor relief; marriage and divorce; compulsory
school attendance; humane treatment of children; family income and expenditures,
including regulations for the protection of savings and of petty finance, such as temporary
loans on goods pawned, chattels mortgaged or salary and wages pledged; sanitation and
health of the household, including regulation of contagious diseases, vaccination, registra-
tion of tuberculosis.

Given in jgn-12.

Social Economy 287 — Social Legislation: (HI) Urban and Rural Com-
munity Life. Professor Lindsay.
Tu. and Th. at 5.10. 615 K.

A comparative study of methods and results of recent legislation in American states
and some European countries, dealing with the social life and opportunities of urban and
rural populations. Topics considered are: Congestion and town planning; parks and
playgrounds; amusements, protection of natural resources, scenic preservation, the
regulation of markets and the quality of food supplies and their distribution; housing
reform; the liquor traffic; the social evil.

Social Economy 288 — Social Legislation: (TV) Methods and Tenden-
cies in Law Making. Professor Lindsay.
Tu. and Th. at 5.10. 615 K.

A comparative study of legislative procedure in American states and in the Congress
of the United States, with special reference to the preparation and drafting of bills for
the enactment of social legislation. Preliminary investigations of social conditions and
the presentation of their results; the organization of public opinion; work of private
societies with legislative programs; committee hearings; co-operation of private societies
with public officials and the courts in the administration and the interpretation of the law;
the police power; constitutional limitations; the organization of administrative and
judicial machinery for the enforcement of social legislation; the education of citizens; are
the chief topics considered.

Social Economy 321 — Seminar in Social Economy. Professor Devine.
F., 8-10 p.m. 609 K.

Social Economy 322 — Seminar in Social Economy. Professor Devine.
F., 8-10 p.m. 609 K.

Social Economy 323 — Seminar in Social Legislation. Professor
Lindsay.
Tu., 8-10 p.m. 609 K.

Social Economy 324 — Seminar in Social Legislation. Professor
Lindsay.
Tu., 8-10 p.m. 609 K.

COURSES IN THE SCHOOL OF PHILANTHROPY

The New York School of Philanthropy, conducted by the Charity Organ-
ization Society of the City of New York, under the direction of Professor
Lindsay, is an affiliated professional school, whose facilities and courses,
with certain restrictions, are open to regular students of Columbia Uni-
versity, and whose courses may be credited as minors for candidates for
higher degrees. A detailed program of the School is contained in its year
book, which may be had gratis upon application to the Director of the
School, United Charities Building, 105 East 22nd Street, to whom all
inquiries about the work of the School, its diplomas and certificates,
and credit toward University degrees should be made. The School is
organized in three departments:

I. The Training School, which includes

(a) A one year course in social work, composed of supervised
field and practice work and lecture courses, aggregating approximately
fourteen hours a week in both terms.

(b) The Summer Session of six weeks in June and July.

(c) Extension Courses for both volunteer and professional work-
ers, including an Evening Course, two hours per week throughout
the academic year.

II. The Bureau of Social Research (Russell Sage Foundation): a
staff of experienced investigators and workers in training engaged in
social research, under expert direction, in New York City.

III. The Library. A collection of books, pamphlets and periodicals
in economics, sociology, social economy and social questions, containing
approximately 6,000 bound volumes and 8,000 pamphlets. Open daily
from 9 to 5, and every Tuesday evening, Sundays and holidays excepted,
as a reference library and as a loan library for students engaged in the
work of the School.

A few scholarships, awarded as loans from the Scholarship Loan Fund,
in amounts up to $200, are available in the training school, and fellowships,

with stipends varying from $500 to $1,200, are available in the Bureau of
Social Research for mature and advanced students. The junior fellow-
ships ($500) include free tuition for a limited amount of work at the
University and in the School. Application blanks for scholarships and
fellowships will be sent upon request.

COURSES IN COLUMBIA COLLEGE

Economics i — Introduction to Economics. Professors Seligman and
Mussey, and Dr. Agger.

Section 1, M. and W. at 9 in 613 Hm., F. at 1 . 10.
Section 2, M. and W. at 11 in 616 Hm., F. at 1 . 10.
Section 3, M. and W. at 1 . 10 in 607 Hm., F. at 1 . 10.
Section 4, M. and W. at 1 . 10 in 609 Hm., F. at 1 . 10.
Prerequisite: History A1-A2.

Economics 2 — Practical Economic Problems. Professors Seligman and
Mussey, and Dr. Agger.
Hours as in Economics 1.
Prerequisite: History A1-A2.

COURSES IN BARNARD COLLEGE

Economics Ai — Outlines of Economics. Professor Mussey and Dr.
Agger.

Section-i, M. at 3; Tu. and Th. at 9.
Sections 2 and 3, M. at 3; Tu. and Th. at 10.
Section 4, M. at 3; Tu. and Th. at 11.
Section 5, M. at 3; Tu. and Th. at 1 . 10.

Economics A2 — Practical Economic Problems. Professor Mussey and
Dr. Agger.
Hours as in Ai.

Economics 104 — Commerce and Commercial Policy. Professor Mus-
sey.

Tu. and Th. at 11.

(For description see page 34.)

Economics 107— Fiscal and Industrial History of the United States.

Professor Seligman.
Tu. and Th. at 3.10.
(For description see page 35.)
Not given in iqio-ii.

Economics 108 — Railroad Problems, Economic, Social and Legal.

Professor Seligman.
Tu. and Th. at 3.10.
(For description see page 35.)
Not given in iqio-ii.

4 6

Economics bus — Socialism and Social Reform. Professor Clark.
Tu. and Th. at 1 . 10, and a third hour to be arranged.

In this course a brief study is made of the works of St. Simon, Fourier, Proudhon, Owen
and Lasalle, and a more extended study is made of Marx's treatise on capital. Recent
economic changes, such as the formation of trusts and strong trade unions, are examined
with a view to ascertaining what effect they have had on the modern socialistic movement.
A study is made of modern semi-socialistic movements and of such reforms as have for
their object the improvement of the condition of the working class. Municipal activities,
factory legislation, the single tax, recent agrarian movements and measures for the regula-
tion of monopolies are studied.

Not given in iqio-ii.

Economics bii7 — The Labor Problem. Professor Seager.
Tu. and Th. at 1 . 10.

Attention in this course is divided about equally between problems connected with
labor organizations — collective bargaining, strikes, arbitration, etc. — and problems whose
solution involves legislation — child labor, dangerous trades, the sweating system, immigra-
tion, etc. Lectures are supplemented by assigned readings and class discussions.

Economics bu8 — Practical Economic Problems. Professor Seager.
Tu. and Th. at 1 . 10.

In this course special attention is given to problems connected with money and banking
and corporations and trusts. Lectures are supplemented by assigned readings and class
discussions.

Sociology 151 — Principles of Sociology. Professor Giddings and
Dr. Tenney.

M. and W. at 3. 10.

(For description see page 38.)

Sociology 152 — Principles of Sociology. Professor Giddings and
Dr. Tenney.

M. and W. at 3. 10.

(For description see page 38.)

COURSES IN TEACHERS COLLEGE

Social Economy hi — The Life of the Industrial Family. Professor
Mary K. Simkhovitch.
Tu. at 3. 10 and 4. 10.

This course is descriptive, dealing with the life of the immigrant, his housing, standard
of living, education, health, labor and recreation.

Social Economy 112 — Social Progress in Cities. Professor Mary K.
Simkhovitch.
Tu. at 3. 10 and 4. 10.

This course consists of a study of public and private activity in improving living
conditions.

COURSES IN THE SUMMER SESSION*
Economics

si — Principles of Economics. Lectures and text-book discussion. Pro-
fessor MUSSEY.
Five hours a week.

(Equivalent, when supplemented by prescribed reading, to Economics
i or Ai.)

si 03 — Money and Banking. Lectures and assigned reading. Pro-
fessor D. R. Dewey.
Five hours a week.

(Equivalent, when supplemented by prescribed reading, to Economics
112.)

si 04— Commerce and Commercial Policy. Lectures and assigned
reading. Professor Mussey.
Five hours a week.

(Equivalent, when supplemented by prescribed reading, to Economics
104.)

si 06 — Corporation Problems. Lectures and assigned reading. Pro-
fessor Raper.

Five hours a week.

(Equivalent, when supplemented by prescribed reading, to Economics
106.)

Sociology

sioi — Principles of Sociology, Analytical and Descriptive. Lectures,
readings and papers. Professor Giddings.
Five hours a week at 9 . 30.

S102 — Principles of Sociology, Historical. Lectures, readings and
papers. Professor Giddings.
Five hours a week at 10.30.

Sociology 152 — Principles of Sociology, Historical. Professor Gid-
dings and Dr. Tenney.
M. and W. at 3.10.

*For fuller details consult the Bulletin of Information in reference to the Summer

Session.

SATURDAY

Economics 207, 210
Sociology 255, 256
Prof. H. L. Moore
405 K

History 361-362
Prof. Osgood
614 K

Economics 207, 210
Sociology 255, 256
Prof. H. L. Moore
405 K

History 361-362
Prof. Osgood
614 K

Economics 207, 210
Sociology 255, 256
Prof. H. L. Moore
405 K

FRIDAY

Economics 201
Prof. Seager
405 K

History 260
Economics 242

Prof. SiMKHOVITCH

405 K

Economics 201
Prof. Seager
405 K

Jurisprudence 161
Prof. Munroe Smith
401 K

Economics 180

History 190
Prof. Daenell
614 K

History 260
Economics 242

Prof. SiMKHOVITCH

405 K

History 282
Prof. Dunning
615 K

THURSDAY

Public Law 241
Prof. Goodnow
405 K

Public Law 246
Prof. Goodnow
405 K

History 121-122
Prof. Robinson
615 K

History 164
Public Law 143, 144
Prof. Goodnow
4°5> 5°9 K

Economics 104
Prof. Mussey
405 K

History 123,124
Sociology 155, 156
Prof. Boas

50s s.

Economics 106
Prof. Seager
405 K

Economics 105
Prof. Seager
405 K

WEDNESDAY

History 280
Prof. Dunning
615 K

Public Law 103-104
Prof. Beard
405 K

Jurisprudence 161
Prof. Munroe Smith
401 K

Economics 180

History 190
Prof. Daenell
614 K

Public Law 105, 106
Prof. Beard
405 K

TUESDAY

Public Law 241
Prof. Goodnow
405 K

Public Law 246
Prof. Goodnow

History 121-122
Prof. Robinson
615 K

History 164
Public Law 143, 144
Prof. Goodnow
405, 509 K

Economics 104
Prof. Mussey
405 K

History 123, 124
Sociology 155, 156
Prof. Boas

505 s

History 151-152
Dr. Hazen
614 K

History 166
Public Law 120
Prof. J. B. Moore

History 251
Public Law 221
Prof. J. B. Moore

Economics 106
Prof. Seager
405 K

Economics 105
Prof. Seager
405 K

MONDAY

Public Law 201
Prof. Guthrie
405 K

History 280
Prof. Dunning
615 K

Public Law 103-104
Prof. Beard
405 K

Jurisprudence 161
Prof. Munroe Smith
401 K

History 151-152
Dr. Hazen
614 K

History 166
Public Law 120
Prof. J. B. Moore
5i5 K

History 251
Public Law 221
Prof. J. B. Moore

History 282
Prof. Dunning
615 K

Public Law 105, 106
Prof. Beard
450 K

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COLUMBIA UNIVERSITY

Scope

General Culture

Graduate non-profes-
sional courses

Public and Private
Law

Practice of Medicine

Mining Engineering

Metallurgy

Chemistry and Engi-
n e e r i n g — Civil,
Sanitary, Electrical,
Mechanical, Chem-
ical

Architecture, Music,
Design

Education — elemen-
tary or secondary
teaching
Advanced courses

Pharmacy

There is an annual

Courses are offered
both at the Univer-
sity and elsewhere

Columbia College
Barnard College
Political Science
Philosophy
Pure Science
School of Law

(3 years)
College of Physicians

and Surgeons

(4 years)
School of Mines

(4 years)

Schools of Chemistry
and Engineering
(4 years)

Schools of Architecture,

Music and Design
Teachers College
(2 years)

Teachers College

College of Pharmacy

(2 and 3 years)
Summer Session

Extension Teaching

Open to

Men
Women
Men and
Women

Men

Men and
Women

Leading to

A.B. or B.S.
A.B. or B.S.
A.M.
and Ph.D.

LL.B.

M.D.

E.M.
Met.E.
Chem.
C.E.
E.E.
Mech.E.
Chem.E.
B.S. or
Certificate
Bachelor's
Diploma
and B.S.
Master's
and Doctor's
Diploma
Degrees and
Diplomas
Suitable aca-
demic credit
or certification
Suitable aca-
demic credit
or certification

The normal preparation for Columbia College and Barnard College
is the equivalent of a four-year secondary school course. The Schools
of Political Science, Philosophy, Pure Science and Law require for en-
trance a college course or its equivalent. Two years of collegiate work
are prescribed for Teachers College and for the degree courses in Archi-
tecture, Music and Design, and, while the minimum requirements do not
at present prescribe it, the same preparation is strongly recommended
in Medicine, Mines, Chemistry, and Engineering.

Students registered as candidates for non-professional degrees may at
the same time receive credit toward a diploma in teaching and vice versa.

Bulletins of Information regarding any of these courses may be obtained
from the Secretary of the University, and further information will be
furnished on request. A complete Catalogue, issued in December of
each year, is sold for twenty-five cents.